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PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of an antigen for the diagnosis of Kilham rat parvovirus by hemagglutination inhibition test].

An antigen of rat parvovirus (Kilham virus) was developed for the diagnosis of viral infection in rat colonies by using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Primary cell cultures from rat embryos were infected with Kilham rat virus. Infected cells obtained at different time post infection were scraped, centrifuged, concentrated one hundred times, sonicated and centrifuged again. The supernatants obtained were titrated by hemagglutination. The specificity was confirmed with positive and negative reference sera. Ninety eight serum samples were studied by using HAI test. The results coincided with those obtained in a reference laboratory. Kilham rat parvovirus antigen obtained from 5 days-infected-cells was specific, sensitive, easy to prepare, with a high yield and it is useful to detect this virus in experimental and production rat colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis of human active or latent human brucellosis by lymphocyte transformation. Inhibition of leukocyte migration and passive hemagglutination. Possible interference between brucellosis and some mental disorders].

Passive hemagglutination tests (H.T.), involving the coating of a soluble B. abortus antigen onto sheep red blood cells through chromium chloride, were always negative in non-brucellic subjects. Positive H.T., even at low titers (1:50), were associated with positive specific lymphoblastic (T.T.L.) and inhibition of leucocyte migration (I.M.L.) tests in 13 patients. These 3 tests were negative in 17 control brucellosis-free individuals. Positive H.T. confirmed a clinical diagnosis of brucellosis in 27 patients with dubious or negative responses to classical tests. Low positive (1:50, 1:100) H.T. may correspond to Brucella primary-infection or to a quiescent chronic infection, and higher titers to clinically active brucellosis. There is a correlation between cellular immunity tests (T.T.L., I.M.L.) and passive hemagglutination test. Furthermore, 39/88 women hospitalized in psychiatric wards were positive to H.T., and 6 of them were also highly positive to complement fixation and tube agglutination tests. Three T.T.L. and I.M.L., performed on samples from 3 H.T. (1:50) positive patients, were positive. These 30 patients were classified as depression or severe anorexia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytomegalovirus antibodies in the pregnant female and in the newborn infant complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests (author's transl)].

705 paired sera from mother and infant have been studied at the time of the child birth for the presence of cytomegalovirus antibodies by complement-fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests. 51.3% of those sera were found to have CF antibodies, and 72.8% to have HA antibodies. The indirect hemagglutination test is a more sensitive reaction and detects also IgM antibodies. Chosen sera were fractionated and searched for IgM-HA antibodies to detect CMV congenital infections; only one child was found to be positive. The number of mothers having been in contact with cytomegalovirus was 82.7% (having CF or HA antibodies or both). Immigrant were found to be more often positive than native women (94.3% vs 76.1%); this difference was even greater when CF antibodies alone were considered (74.6% vs 37.7%). Depending on age groups of mothers, the increased number of positives found in CF test was not noticed in HA test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Recent evaluation of a Candida hemagglutination test].

The production of the Candida hemagglutination test Roche (C-HAT Roche) has been discontinued by the producer late in 1990. This deficiency is covered by the newly developed Candida hemagglutination test LD (C-HAT LD) (producer: Labordiagnostika Heiden/Westfalen). The test is performed on microtiter plates (V-shape, broadside). The necessary volume of probands' sera is 25 microliters. The range of the antibody titers to be determined ranks from 1:10 until 1:2500. In the evaluation of the C-HAT LD with reference sera compared with the C-HAT Roche the following results were obtained: The antibody titers determined by C-HAT LD differ at maximum by one titer step from those obtained by the C-HAT Roche and are, therefore, comparable. In the C-HAT LD the probands' sera are not preabsorbed with unloaded sheep erythrocytes in order to eliminate unspecific agglutinins. The hitherto existing experience shows that the proportion of probands' sera containing unspecific agglutinins is as low as 2.5%. The repetition of the C-HAT LD with such sera after preabsorption is, therefore, much more economical than generally preabsorbing all probands' sera. In 18% of all tests a prozone phenomenon is observed with the C-HAT LD. In the majority of these sera the titer steps 1:10 and 1:20 show negative reactions. The determination of the antibody titer, however, is not influenced by the prozone phenomenon. Preabsorption of probands' sera eliminates the prozone phenomenon. The C-HAT LD, therefore, replaces the C-HAT Roche completely in all parameters and is technically easier.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A heat stable hemagglutinating activity of Eikenella corrodens.

Strains of Eikenella corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum were shown to possess lectinlike attachment factors. The present investigators found that E. corrodens has a heat stable factor which agglutinates sheep, mouse, and human erythrocytes. The activity is not abolished by additions of galactose or lactose. Lipopolysaccharide preparations from E. corrodens strains possessed strong hemagglutinating activity. LPSs of F. nucleatum did not agglutinate any erythrocytes tested. SDS-PAGE patterns stained with silver stain revealed that the LPSs of E. corrodens strains were rough type and those of F. nucleatum were wild type. The heat stable hemagglutinating activity of E. corrodens strains might be caused the rough type LPS of the cells.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of influenza B virus antibodies in different age groups using hemagglutination inhibition tests].

Antibody levels against influenza B virus were investigated by using hemagglutination-inhibition (HA-I) tests in 402 sera obtained from different age groups. Hemagglutination antigens were obtained by production of influenza B virus (B/Singapur/LLC 6201) in trypsinized Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell cultured and they were used in tests. In 355 out of 402 sera (88.3%) antibodies against influenza B virus were detected at titers varying between 1/20 and 1/1280. However in 47 sera (11.7%) no antibodies were detected at 1/20 titer. High titers of antibody (1/640-1/1280) were not detected in none of the sera obtained from an age group between 1 and 14. However high titer antibodies were detected in 15.6% of the sera from an age group between 26 and 35, in the 17.3% of the sera from a group above 50 years of age. Our findings suggest that the increase in the rates of seropositivity against influenza B virus depends on getting older and, that the infections by this virus may be widely seen in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Laboratory procedures in adenoviruses. IV. The influence of antiglobulin and complement on neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition (author's transl)].

The neutralization of adenovirus 3,7, and 19 by rabbit antisera is enhanced by additional application of antirabbit globulin. All sera investigated, obtained early or late after the start of immunization, showed two- to sixfold titer rises. Complement also enhances the neutralization; the titer is raised to a greater extent in early than in late sera. To achieve maximal effects, antiglobulin and complement had to be used in fairly high concentration (ca. 10%). In hemagglutination-inhibition the same set of sera showed a titer increase mediated by anti-rabbit globulin (mostly by the factor 2 to 4), while complement was without influence. The neutralization titer of human sera from patients with adenovirus infections, as opposed to the rabbit antisera, was only slightly increased by addition of anti-human globulin or complement. These reagents had likewise negligible influence on the hemagglutination-inhibition of adenovirus 8 by human sera.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Hemagglutinating ability and fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine].

The close connection between mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) and adhesion to uroepithelial cells of urinary E. coli with regard to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) prompted us to examine the hemagglutinating ability of 1499 E. coli strains from urine using human blood group OP1 erythrocytes. In 317 strains (21.2%), an MRHA was found. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of MRHA related to the isolation time and admitting hospital. A correlation was found between MRHA and the presence of P fimbriae in the strains investigated. Another association appears to exist between certain O:K:H serovars and distinct fimbrial antigens which had been serologically identified. The F11 antigen was detected most frequently and proved to be present in strains of serovars O1:K1:H-, O1::K1:H7, O2:K1:H-, O2:K1:H4, O2:K1:H7, and O15:K1:H7. The F8 antigen was strongly associated with serovar O18:K5:H-. O18:K5:H1 and O6:K5:H1 were apparently related to cross-reacting F14 antigens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

[Pasteurella multocida (type D and A) and atrophic rhinitis of swine--hemagglutination, fimbriae and adhesion in vitro in the nasal mucosa of swine fetuses].

79 strains of P. multocida were investigated, mostly isolated from porcine nasal cavities, and a mannose-resistant hemagglutination with guinea pig and human group 0, but not with porcine erythrocytes was found. Fimbriae as adhesins were demonstrated only on 2 strains. A correlation between capsular type, hemagglutination, fimbriation and toxigenicity on the examined P. multocida strains was not observed. Three strains were investigated for the adherence to the nasal mucosa of neonatal pigs; aggregates shown by scanning electron microscopy indicate colonization; a correlation of adherence with surface proteins and slime production of P. multocida is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Determination of thyroglobulin autoantibodies using enzyme immunoassay, radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination].

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, a radioimmunoassay and the passive hemagglutination were tested for the determination of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies. The antibody-titres detected with these methods showed a good correlation. The sensitivities of the solid-phase immunoassays are four times higher than the sensitivity of the passive hemagglutination. For the diagnosis of thyroid autoimmune diseases the enzyme immunoassay.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Passive hemagglutination test for individual or epidemiologic diagnosis of human brucellosis].

Coupling of an extract from B. abortus strain 99 to sheep red blood cells by chromium chloride allowed to develop a highly specific and reliable passive hemagglutination test (H). Indeed, H was positive in 99.8 per cent sera from 968 known Brucella-infected heifers, while tube agglutination revealed only 59 per cent and complement fixation 90.9 per cent positive cases. H was positive in 153 sera from 778 proven or suspected human brucellosis where agglutination and/or complement fixation tests were positive, and in 21 sera negative to conventional tests. H demonstreated remote or undiagnosed human B. abortus infections in 28.6 per cent of 18 367 human sera randomly examined in a rural area. Therefore, a simple easy-to-perform passive hemagglutination test could replace a battery of conventional tests for the diagnosis of individual brucellosis, and epidemiologic surveys. The present study points to a high prevalence of undiagnosed brucellosis in man, specially in those area where cattle are raised.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) in detection of antibodies against measles].

By using passive hemagglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition test, 1771 specimens of sera from healthy people were simultaneously tested. The titers of antibodies against measles GMT were respectively 52.54 and 25.22. The related coefficient was 0.71. P less than 0.001. When the two methods were used to 77 children, the rate of active conversion was 97.40%. When the two methods were used to 28 patients suffering from measles, they gave out same results.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serotyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum by the Page scheme: comparison of the use of agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests.

Seventy-two isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum were serotyped according to the Page scheme, using a new hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results were compared with the plate agglutination method conventionally used in the Page scheme. The HI test used washed cells of H. paragallinarum, glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, and rabbit antisera originally produced for the agglutination method. For 49 of the isolates, there was complete correlation between the results of the HI serotyping test and the previously performed agglutination test--23 were serovar A, two were serovar B, and 24 were serovar C. The other 23 isolates were nontypable by the agglutination test, but 21 of them could be serotyped by the HI method--six as serovar A, two as serovar B, and 13 as serovar C. Nine isolates required treatment of the bacterial cells with hyaluronidase for the expression of hemagglutination (HA) activity. Two isolates did not have HA activity despite hyaluronidase treatment and so could not be serotyped by the HI test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Development of passive hemagglutination assay of measles and utilization in serological diagnosis].

The passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) was developed. Preparation of antigen and its stability, sensitivity and specificity was studied. The result showed that the yield of ultrasonic treated antigen is high and its titer has no change in 4 degrees C storage at least 1 month. The sensitized sheep erythrocyte with this antigen have a high specificity and sensitivity. The lysophilized blood cells could stored for a long time in 4 degrees C. A comparison of PHA with hemagglutination inhibition test was carried out by examination of 354 samples of sera from healthy children. The GMT of titer of antibodies of measles were 26.20 and 13.92 respectively. The result showed that the two methods were highly related.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Effects of alpha-macroglobulins and murinoglobulins on the hemagglutination by influenza C virus.

Rat alpha-1- and alpha-2-macroglobulins as well as rat murinoglobulins I and II were shown to inhibit hemagglutination by influenza C virus. In marked contrast, neither alpha-macroglobulins nor murinoglobulins from mouse or guinea pig plasma had the inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the hemagglutination-inhibiting activity of rat alpha-macroglobulins or murinoglobulins is not related to their protease-binding capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Use of the indirect hemagglutination inhibition reaction for evaluating the specific activity of allergens].

To evaluate the specific activity of house-dust allergen, the passive hemagglutination inhibition test was used. Nine commercial batches of house-dust allergen were studied by means of this test. The results of the determination of the activity of house-dust allergen in the passive hemagglutination inhibition test, the skin tests and the indirect mast-cell degranulation test were in good correlation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

A passive hemagglutination test for leprosy using a synthetic disaccharide antigen.

There is a need for a simple, sensitive, and specific test for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. A passive hemagglutination (PHA) test for leprosy was developed to meet these requirements. A synthetic disaccharide, conjugated to bovine serum albumin and specific for the phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae, was sensitized to aldehyde preserved and tanned sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The sensitized SRBC were used for testing sera from leprosy and tuberculosis cases and normal controls at 1: 64 and 1:128 serum dilutions. It was found that if the hemagglutination reaction at greater than or equal to 1: 128 is considered positive, the test was positive in 84.2% of 38 cases of multibacillary leprosy, 16.7% of 24 cases of paucibacillary leprosy, 16.7% of 6 contacts of multibacillary leprosy, 11.8% of 51 cases of tuberculosis, and 3.7% of 54 blood donors. If the cutoff value used was 1:64, the test was more sensitive but less specific. The results are similar to that of an ELISA for IgM antibody to the same synthetic antigen. The present PHA test is simple and sensitive, but moderately specific. Its simplicity and sensitivity make it highly suitable for large-scale screening of contacts in leprosy-endemic areas.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Differences in sensitivity of passive hemagglutination and passive hemolysis reactions in serological diagnosis of rickettsial infections].

We compared the sensitivity of indirect hemagglutination and indirect hemolysis tests by detection of antibodies in sera of man, rabbits and sheep after infection with R. slovaca, R. sibirica and C. burnetii. We found that the titres of antibodies in indirect hemolysis are 4 times higher than in indirect hemagglutination namely with the sera of man, rabbits and sheep. This method can be recommended for diagnoses of rickettsiae of Spotted fever group.

Animals↗