Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GROUP PROCESSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The Strong Parents-Strong Children Programme: parental support in serious and chronic child illness.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of an intervention programme developed to help parents manage serious child illness. METHOD: Information from previous research about parents' stress of managing their children's serious illnesses, plus their wishes for what to do about it, were used to develop a behavioural intervention to be used with groups of parents with seriously ill children. The 6-week programme, called 'Strong Parents-Strong Children', was tested using a wait-list control design, and evaluated by standardised and researcher-developed psychological measures. RESULTS: Several significant post-test changes in healthier directions were found for the study group, compared with the control group. Additionally, the group process and session helpfulness received positive appraisals, personal goals were attained at high levels, and most participants said they would recommend the programme to others in similar situations. CONCLUSIONS: The programme appears to have a significant and positive impact on the parents of seriously ill children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Designing a safety program for a college health service.

Although accidents are the leading cause of death among college students, literature about developing student health safety programs is limited. In this article, we present preliminary recommendations based on literature review, epidemiologic data, and Nominal Group Process (NGP) activities, for developing university student safety programs. Our recommendations include appointing a coordinator to oversee all on-campus safety activities, providing for university-wide education programs dealing with alcohol and drug use, promoting personal safety efforts in areas such as family violence and rape prevention, and encouraging students to use safe transportation alternatives.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing and testing a model to predict outcomes of organizational change.

Health care decisions could be better informed by research evidence, but there are many areas in which there is little or inconclusive research. Pooling expert knowledge is one way to generate theories and make predictions in areas where there is little clear research evidence. This article addresses these two perspectives in parallel: (1) how to systematically build expert models that have a high predictive and explanatory value by the use of the Integrative Group Process and (2) a model to predict which quality improvement initiatives will be successful, the Swedish Organizational Change Model. The model reveals 11 factors important for successful improvement. Tests of the model conclude that it predicts a high number of successful and unsuccessful initiatives. It can thus be used to diagnose weaknesses in improvement efforts, to measure an organization's overall potential for successful improvement, and to prioritize potential initiatives under consideration.

Group Processes↗
PubMed2000

The effects of multimedia communication technology on non-collocated teams: a case study.

Collaborative teams are becoming increasingly important for industry, both within and across companies. There is a need for communication technology to support teams because many teams are non-collocated, or 'virtual'. Two automotive supply chain teams were observed while they were experimenting with multimedia conferencing in order to determine what support non-collocated teams need and the potential effects of introducing technologies on their group processes. The observations included meeting recordings and other sources that show the organizational factors affecting teams. Working in teams requires very close collaboration. Communication technology can help teams if it is used to foster close and relatively informal person-to-person interaction. Organizational constraints on how the technology is introduced favour high-technology, special-purpose installations, but teams can best be supported using relatively modest equipment with desktop access.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed1996

Overcoming barriers to teaching medical housestaff about psychiatric aspects of medical practice.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes a training program in psychiatric aspects of medical practice. It is aimed at medical residents. METHODS: Six fundamental elements have been identified that contribute to the effectiveness of this program. 1) It directly confronts resistance to such training. 2) Practical skills are emphasized. 3) Learning is active. 4) Attention to group process during training is used. 5) Integration by on-site location of the psychiatrist and co-teaching with medical faculty is essential. 6) Teaching efforts are integrated with clinical service. RESULTS: All 112 medical housestaff participate in the program with a generally enthusiastic response. CONCLUSIONS: Successful educational programs for primary care residents require teaching collaboration between psychiatric and medical faculty and impart specific clinical skills while addressing perceived burdens of time and emotional reactions.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of learning contracts in a RN-to-BSN leadership course.

Educating RN-to-BSN students can be challenging and rewarding. The diversity of these students can make designing courses quite difficult. In addition, the RN with experience in nursing practice may resent being put in the traditional role of student. Nominal group process and use of learning contracts in a leadership course in one RN completion program are described as two means of meeting the unique learning preferences of working, adult learners. Houle (1984) identified the learning contract as one means of assisting the adult learner seeking continuing professional education. Accordingly, examples of use of these two strategies in continuing nursing education and staff development are described.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Survey of stress management content in baccalaureate nursing curricula.

A survey of 276 National League for Nursing baccalaureate programs was conducted to assess the nature and extent of stress management content incorporated into baccalaureate nursing curricula. Roughly 10% of the sample indicated that they offer a separate course in general stress management techniques. In most programs, stress management content was incorporated throughout the curriculum in discreet instructional units. Respondents identified a variety of stress management methods taught in relationship to specific sources of work stress. The most instructional time was devoted to teaching students how to cope with interpersonal stressors; communication skills, group process skills, assertion skills, and conflict management were offered by most programs. Other content areas mentioned by at least 80% of the respondents included: death awareness, crisis intervention, change strategies, values clarification, recognizing stress, organizational skills, time management, and problem solving. The findings of this study are discussed in relationship to the literature on sources of stress in nursing. In addition, suggestions for future research are offered.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatrists and the General Hospital Ethics Committee.

General Hospital Ethics Committees (GHECs) have emerged as institutional forums for addressing bioethical dilemmas. Hospital psychiatrists have important roles to play on these committees. Their skills in group process assessment, mental status examination, and character assessment have diverse applications. Psychiatrists can facilitate communication, both on the committee and as GHEC-based clinical ethics consultants. Ethics committees must be concerned with how they arrive at ethical decisions, guarding against political influence or individual monopolization. Psychiatrists can assist these efforts as organizational consultants to GHECs. The perception of psychiatrists as reflective, tolerant of ambiguity, humanizing, and approachable about moral aspects of health care suggests they would make excellent committee leaders. Hospital psychiatrists also have important committee roles to play as ethics educators and policy-makers. More demographic research is needed to investigate psychiatrists' participation on GHECs. Studies of how they are perceived by their ethics committee colleagues may reveal new roles and potential pitfalls for GHEC psychiatrists.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1982

A critique of the process-oriented approach to ward staff meetings.

Interdisciplinary staff meetings with a group-process orientation are a common feature of inpatient psychiatric wards. In these meetings an attempt is made to elicit and resolve intrastaff conflicts. Often the hierarchy of administrative structure is suspended and a setting reminiscent of a therapy or T-group is created. Insufficient attention has been paid to the potential hazards of and varying indications for this process-oriented approach to staff meetings. The authors reassess the usefulness of these meetings in improving staff relations and clinical performance and suggest guidelines for tailoring their use to fit the ward's therapeutic objectives.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2005

Identifying future models for delivering genetic services: a nominal group study in primary care.

BACKGROUND: To enable primary care medical practitioners to generate a range of possible service delivery models for genetic counselling services and critically assess their suitability. METHODS: Modified nominal group technique using in primary care professional development workshops. RESULTS: 37 general practitioners in Wales, United Kingdom too part in the nominal group process. The practitioners who attended did not believe current systems were sufficient to meet anticipated demand for genetic services. A wide range of different service models was proposed, although no single option emerged as a clear preference. No argument was put forward for genetic assessment and counselling being central to family practice, neither was there a voice for the view that the family doctor should become skilled at advising patients about predictive genetic testing and be able to counsel patients about the wider implications of genetic testing for patients and their family members, even for areas such as common cancers. Nevertheless, all the preferred models put a high priority on providing the service in the community, and often co-located in primary care, by clinicians who had developed expertise. CONCLUSION: There is a need for a wider debate about how healthcare systems address individual concerns about genetic concerns and risk, especially given the increasing commercial marketing of genetic tests.

Family Practice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mapping the future of environmental health and nursing: strategies for integrating national competencies into nursing practice.

:Nurses are increasingly the primary contact for clients concerned about health problems related to their environment. In response to the need for nursing expertise in the field of environmental health, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) have designed core competencies for the nursing profession. The IOM competencies focus on four areas: (1) knowledge and concepts; (2) assessment and referral; advocacy, ethics, and risk communication; and (4) legislation and regulation. The competencies establish a baseline of knowledge and awareness in order for nurses to prevent and minimize health problems associated with exposure to environmental agents. To address the known difficulties of incorporating new priorities into established practice, nurses attending an environmental health short course participated in a nominal group process focusing on the question, "What specific actions can we take to bring environmental health into the mainstream of nursing practice?" This exercise was designed to bring the concepts of the national initiatives (IOM, NINR, ATSDR) to the awareness of individual nurses involved in the direct delivery of care. Results include 38 action items nurses identified as improving awareness and utilization of environmental health principles. The top five ideas were: (1) get environmental health listed as a requirement or competency in undergraduate nursing education; (2) improve working relationships with interdepartmental persons-a team approach; (3) strategically place students in essential organizations such as NIOSH, ATSDR, or CDC; (4) educate nurse educators; and (5) create environmental health awards in nursing. The 38 original ideas were also reorganized into a five-tiered conceptual model. The concepts of this model include: (1) developing partnerships; (2) strengthening publications; (3) enhancing continuing education; (4) updating nursing practice; and (5) strengthening schools of nursing. The model serves as a road map for action in building environmental health capacity within mainstream nursing.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

Multi-team dynamics and distributed expertise in imission operations.

The evolution of space exploration has brought an increased awareness of the social and socio-technical issues associated with team performance and task coordination, both for the onboard astronauts and in mission control. Spaceflight operations create a unique environment in which to address classic group dynamics topics including communication, group process, knowledge development and sharing, and time-critical task performance. Mission operations in the early years of the 21st century have developed into a set of complex, multi-team task settings incorporating multiple mission control teams and flight crews interacting in novel ways. These more complex operational settings help highlight the emergence of a new paradigm of distributed supervisory coordination, and the need to consider multiple dimensions of expertise being supported and exchanged among team members. The creation of new mission profiles with very long-duration time scales (months, rather than days) for the International Space Station, as well as planned exploration missions to the Moon and Mars, emphasize fundamental distinctions from the 40 yr from Mercury to the Space Shuttle. Issues in distributed expertise and information flow in mission control settings from two related perspectives are described. A general conceptual view of knowledge sharing and task synchronization is presented within the context of the mission control environment. This conceptual presentation is supplemented by analysis of quasi-experimental data collected from actual flight controllers at NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2001

The lived experience of clinical development unit (nursing) leadership in Western Sydney, Australia.

BACKGROUND: A network of nine Clinical Development Units (Nursing) (CDU(N)) were recently created in the Western Sydney Area Health Service. These units are designed to develop patient-focused nursing practice through group process and action research, based on principles of transformational leadership. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Although there is documented evidence from Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) that CDUs and Nursing Development Units (NDUs) are very successful in improving both patient and staff satisfaction, there is also growing evidence that the stressors experienced by nurse leaders are threatening the survival of some of these units. This study set out to develop an understanding of the phenomena of Clinical Development Unit (Nursing) leadership when these stressors were likely to impinge. STUDY DESIGN: Hermeneutic phenomenology was employed in order to identify how these experiences changed over time. Two rounds of interviews were conducted: approximately 4--6 months after the launch and, again, 12 months later. FINDINGS: The Clinical Development Unit (Nursing) philosophy provided a framework on which these very motivated leaders began to enhance nursing accountability in their units through reflective practice and participatory governance. While reinforcing many previously published positive and negative aspects of Clinical Development Units and Nursing Development Units, this paper also highlights how the expectations and experiences of these leaders changed over time with unanticipated pressures of work, a high turnover of clinical leaders, a perceived diminution of management support and unrealistic self-expectations. A significant theme that emerged as these stressors began to impinge was the leaders' own need for leadership in order to sustain their confidence and motivation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Insights harvested from this study have since been incorporated into a revised leadership preparation programme and support mechanisms for the leaders of eight new Clinical Development Units (Nursing) in the Western Sydney Area Health Service.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Small-group work and assessment in a PBL curriculum: a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of student perceptions of the process of working in small groups and its assessment.

The problem based learning (PBL) curriculum at Manchester emphasizes small-group work. This is supported through group assessment where students assess key aspects of their group's function. In the study described here the authors evaluated students' perceptions of both PBL group work and what a group assessment needs to assess. They aimed to produce a description of the cognitive and motivational influences on group process and unpack the ways they contribute to a successful PBL group so that the kinds of skills an effective assessment should assess could be identified. Focus groups and a questionnaire were used to generate the data. The focus group results indicate that students support PBL group work as a method of learning, and that those groups that work cooperatively are perceived as facilitating the most motivating learning environment. The students supported the assessment being summative and felt that it could be simplified to measure: behavioural skills contributing to maximizing motivation of the group process; and cognitive skills relating to the content of the group discussion. The questionnaire results also supported the use of a summative assessment of small-group work that evaluates the domains of group process and the content of the group discussion.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Manic defences in a mourning process of a group of adolescents.

This paper describes the central role of manic defences in the process of working through mourning in a group of bereaved adolescents. Two factors were found to facilitate the effective use of manic defences in working through mourning in the group: (a) manic defences were given a legitimate and important place in the group, and were regarded as agents of life in the ongoing dealings with death; and (b) a certain degree of introspection was always maintained, like a window not allowed to be shut completely, to allow an attenuated encounter with difficult emotions. The use of manic defences, combined with these two factors, allowed flexible two-way movement between the schizoparanoid and the depressive positions, hence facilitated the working through of mourning in the group. The process described in this paper took place in a group of bereaved adolescents. Twenty sessions of one and a half hours were directed by two clinical psychologists, as part of the support offered by the Department of Rehabilitation of the Israeli Ministry of Defence to bereaved families in Israel.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A consumer/medical educator conference: new objectives for the medical curriculum.

The authors discuss the development and proceedings of a highly structured conference at which 17 representatives from diverse non-medical groups and 14 medical educators from one medical school identified objectives needing greater emphasis in the medical curriculum. The conference emulated industry's use of consumer advisory panels. Using the nominal group technique, a group process used in business, the non-medical group developed independently a priority list of areas in which physicians might be better educated to serve society. The medical educators then joined the non-medical group to discuss and clarify the concerns given highest priority. The authors describe subsequent initiatives by the medical school to address aspects of the general concerns raised by the non-medical group. The conference represents an approach to seeking input from non-traditional sources in the development of the medical curriculum.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Involving communities in community assessment.

Focus groups provide an effective means of incorporating the perspectives of "hidden" populations in assessments of community health needs and assets. A series of focus groups was conducted with specifically targeted segments of a community to develop a comprehensive picture of community health. The authors describe the focus group process, major findings, and the use of focus group results in a highly multicultural community. Despite differences in age, length of residence, and ethnicity, the focus groups were remarkably similar in the issues raised. The majority of participants viewed the multicultural nature of the community as an asset but voiced some of the difficulties of living in a multiethnic and multilanguage environment. Similar areas of concern in the community arose from all of the focus groups, including housing and other environmental issues and problems of access to health care. Focus group findings have been used to initiate activity addressing identified community problems. Focus group participation had the added benefit of increasing community members' participation in other community endeavors.

Adolescent↗