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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Immunotherapy and cancer: the role of monoclonal antibodies].

Monoclonal antibodies, produced in vitro from hybridoma supernatants, may be administered to cancer patients either directly or after coupling to an anticancer agent (immunoconjugates). Monoclonal antibodies concentrate in tumor site, where they initiate an anti-tumor effect, either by activation of the patient's immune system or by the cytotoxic agent which is present at high concentration within the tumor, while systemic concentrations of this agent remain low. Monoclonal antibodies which are radiolabelled also allow the immunoscintigraphic study of the immunoconjugates' diffusion within the body. Given certain precautions of administration, the clinical and biological tolerance of this type of treatment is satisfactory, most of the side effects correspond to an allergic response to the murine antibodies used. Clinical studies performed in patients with leukemias have demonstrated a significant antitumor effect although this effect is transitory. Studies performed on small series of patients with solid tumors (gastrointestinal neoplasms, melanoma, leptomeningeal localizations, ovarian peritoneal carcinosis) have shown a few cases of major responses and/or complete remissions having lasted up to periods of many months. These studies as well as the perspectives for the development of this type of therapy are presented and discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Synchronous carcinoid tumors of the colon--a case report.

Carcinoids are comprising 0.05 to 0.2% of all malignancies and 0.4 to 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Only about 1 to 3% are located in the colon. Because synchronous colonic carcinoids are extremely rare, a case of a 64-year-old woman is presented. Etiologic, clinical and therapeutic aspects are discussed.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of cell nuclear DNA content in leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of gastro-intestinal tract (G-I)].

Nuclear DNA content was measured by microspectrophotometry in 15 biopsy specimens from patients with G-I smooth muscle tumors (3 leiomyomas and 12 leiomyosarcomas subdivided into 3 groups with 4 cases to each). The mean DNA value increased steadily as follows: leiomyomas (14.39 +/- 0.62 Au); leiomyosarcoma Grade I (19.78 +/- 2.39 Au); Leiomyosarcoma Grade II (26.39 +/- 1.60 Au); leiomyosarcoma Grade III (30.66 +/- 2.39 Au). The difference of DNA value in the 4 groups had statistical significance (P less than 0.05-0.01). These results suggest that microspectrophotometric measurement of nuclear DNA content may serve as an objective quantitative method for diagnosis of G-I tract smooth muscle tumors and classification of leiomyosarcoma.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1989

[Hemorrhagic complications in cancer of the gallbladder].

The following hemorrhagic complications of cholecystic cancer were revealed in 13 (4.7 per cent) of the 274 patients: cholemic hemorrhage (9 patients) and hemorrhage due to tumour growth or disintegration (4 patients). Cholecystic cancer was diagnosed in 8 patients during laparotomy and in 5--during autopsy. Mortality was 92.3 per cent in these complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Experiences with determining carcinoembryonic antigen in tumors of the digestive tract].

CEA levels (CEA = carcino-embryonic antigen) were checked as indicators for the presence of malignant diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract. Tests were applied to 1,102 blood samples, including 1,012 relating to malignant alterations of the digestive tract and 32 relating to benign changes. Sixty-eight samples were taken from tumours localised elsewhere. The importance is stressed of high-continuity observation of CEA levels which have proved to enable dimensional assessment of colorectal carcinoma. Presurgical and postsurgical CEA values can be related to surgical radicality. Regular postoperative monitoring is recommended for prognostication, early detection of recurrences, and early assessment of spreading of the disease.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1986

Endoscopic ultrasonography.

EUS has many advantages over x-ray and other endoscopic procedures for the detection of lesions located in the wall of the GI tract. In the oesophagus, invasion of cancer and spread to lymph nodes can be visualized by EUS before surgery. In the stomach, the invasion depth of cancer and the therapeutic effect of laser irradiation to early cancer can be studied. EUS may also be useful in the evaluation of chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma. In benign diseases of the GI tract, EUS can provide important information about submucosal tumours. It can improve the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign submucosal tumours. EUS will also contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of giant folds developing in the stomach. In addition, EUS is beneficial in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, pancreatic cancer, cancer of the papilla Vateri and diseases of the biliary tract. In conclusion, we feel that endoscopic ultrasonography may prove to be a useful technique in the diagnosis of intra- and extramural lesions of the GI tract, but comparisons with conventional imaging procedures should be performed.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum.

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is an uncommon gastrointestinal neoplasm. Between September 1982 and March 1983, the authors performed two radical operations for this malignancy. A third patient underwent a palliative bypass procedure followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The difficulty the authors encountered in making this diagnosis and the treatment courses chosen reflect the experience of the literature. An aggressive surgical approach in the management of localized duodenal adenocarcinoma is recommended. Five-year survival rates of 20 per cent to 25 per cent are reported after radical surgical procedures.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Endoscopic Yag laser therapy in a community hospital.

Our early experience would indicate that in a community hospital the presence of a Yag laser in the hands of an experienced endoscopist can contribute: to alleviate symptoms of esophageal carcinoma, to control bleeding and obstructive manifestations of colorectal neoplasms, and perhaps to remove entirely certain villous adenomas of the colon.

Colonic Neoplasms↗