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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Caries development in fluoridated and non-fluoridated deciduous and permanent enamel in situ examined by microradiography and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

The aim of the study was to compare initial caries development in fluoridated and non-fluoridated deciduous and permanent enamel in situ. Enamel slabs were mounted in removable appliances and worn for 4 wks. Significantly larger lesions developed in deciduous than in permanent enamel when no topical fluorides were used. Fluoride mouthrinsing partly prevented lesion development in deciduous and completely in permanent enamel. Initial enamel caries not detected by microradiography can be visualized by CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy).

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of fluoride in wine by fluoride selective ion electrode, standard addition method: collaborative study.

The accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of a rapid method for determination of fluoride in wine, using a fluoride selective ion electrode, were established by a collaborative study involving 12 laboratories, 5 in Europe and 7 in the United States. The laboratories assayed 6 Youden pairs of fluoride-fortified, red and white wine samples with fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 mg/L. The relative standard deviations of repeatability ranged from 1.94 to 4.88%; relative standard deviations of reproducibility ranged from 4.15 to 18.40%. HORRAT values ranged from 0.30 to 0.97. The average recovery was 99.97%. Based on the statistical results of this collaborative study, the Study Director recommends that this method be adopted First Action.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

A comparison between the dental health of 3-year-old children living in fluoridated Huddersfield and non-fluoridated Dewsbury in 1989.

A study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of dental caries and developmental defects of enamel between 3-year-old children who were lifelong residents of fluoridated areas of Huddersfield (1 ppm F) and non-fluoridated Dewsbury (less than 0.3 ppm F). An interview was also conducted with the parents of the children to provide information regarding previous dental experiences. The study populations were identified using the national child health system. The mean dmft was 0.30 in Huddersfield and 0.74 in Dewsbury. The percentage of children who had experienced dental caries and the percentage with carious teeth were significantly lower in the fluoridated area. The Dewsbury children had suffered more toothache. There was a significantly higher number of children in Huddersfield with diffuse enamel defects on their upper and lower first molars. This study has also demonstrated that the national child health system provides a method for obtaining a random sample of pre-school children from the general population, thus avoiding the problems associated with studies using selected populations. Fluoridation in Huddersfield ceased in October 1989 and it is hoped that this decision will be reversed as soon as possible.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Supplementation of domestic sugar (sucrose) with fluoride. Effects on experimental dental caries, plaque pH, and fluoride levels in plaque and enamel.

The minimum amount of fluoride which, when added to sucrose, will reduce caries in an intra-oral test was determined. Removable lower-arch appliances were worn by three adult subjects for 1 week, during which time plaque-covered enamel on one side was immersed in a 10 percent sucrose solution containing fluoride for 10 minutes four times per day. The effect of sucrose alone (control) was similarly determined on the other side of the appliance. Concentrations of 2 and 5 ppm F in sucrose solutions (20 and 50 ppm F dry weight) produced highly significant reductions in experimental caries of 43 and 44 percent respectively. A reduction in enamel dissolution due to re-precipitation of fluoride-rich apatite is probably largely responsible for the anti-caries effect. However, decreased plaque acid production may also play a role since the addition of 1 ppm F to 5 percent sugar reduced the plaque pH drop in artificial mouth experiments. Our results substantiate previous reports that fluoridation of sucrose to a level of 20 to 50 ppm F dry weight has potential benefits in caries prevention and may be useful when the F intake is otherwise low.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Mapping of fluoride endemic areas and correlation studies of fluoride with other quality parameters of drinking water of Veppanapalli block of Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu.

193 drinking water samples from water sources of 27 panchayats of Veppanapalli block of Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu were analysed for chemical quality parameters. Based on the fluoride content of the water sources, fluoride maps differentiating regions with high / low fluoride levels were prepared using Isopleth mapping technique. The interdependence among the important chemical quality parameters were assessed using correlation studies. The experimental results of the application of linear and multiple regression equations on the influence of hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and pH on fluoride are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Effect of fluoride release from a fluoride-containing composite resin on secondary caries: an in vitro study.

The effect of fluoride, released from a fluoride-containing composite resin, on secondary caries was investigated by quantitative microradiography. In all teeth investigated, less demineralization was found near the composite resin than was found at a distance of a few millimeters from the material after an acid attack. The presence of the fluoride-releasing composite resin reduced the lesion depth measured after an acid attack by about 35%. Therefore, in vivo, a reduction of recurrent caries may be expected around fluoride-containing composite resins.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fluoride concentrations in whole saliva following use of fluoride tablets and a rinse.

This clinical investigation is comprised of two studies. The first monitored the oral clearance of fluoride following the use of an oral rinse and two types of tablets: one that was chewed, swished, and swallowed, and another that was allowed to dissolve undisturbed at a specific site in the oral vestibule. Fluoride from the rinse and tablets exhibited similar rapid clearance patterns with a mean concentration of 1.2 ppm or less within 1 hr and returned to baseline concentrations within 24 hr. Data from the second study indicated fluoride was distributed unevenly to various areas of the mouth from the slowly dissolving undisturbed tablet. Information concerning oral clearance of fluoride may be used to rationalize various treatment regimens.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1994

Subgingival irrigation with amine fluoride-stannous fluoride gel in treated periodontal pockets.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effect of subgingival irrigations with amine fluoride mixed with stannous fluoride on the repopulation of bacteria in deep periodontal pockets (> 5 mm) following the active phase of non-surgical mechanical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth design was utilized in eight periodontal patients and the effect of the treatment was evaluated by microbiological culturing and clinical parameters. RESULTS: Slight reduction in total anaerobe counts were detected in both treated and control sides, up to the first 5 weeks, followed by an increase in the counts reaching a plateau after 30 weeks. In contrast, black-pigmented bacteroides species (BPB) were significantly suppressed in the treated sides as compared to the control sides over the whole study period. The difference between the clinical parameters and between the tested and control sides, although in some points were found to be statistically significant, seem to have no clinical significance. The use of amine fluoride-stannous fluoride gel for irrigations of deep periodontal pockets as an adjunctive to conventional treatment, can prevent the repopulation of the pockets by BPB, which are considered to be a major group of periodontal pathogens.

Amines↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of fluoride ion concentrations and in vitro fluoride uptake from different commercial dentifrices.

The effectiveness of fluoride (F) dentifrices in reducing dental caries is well documented. However, not all F dentifrices are equally effective. The objective of this study was to compare fluoride uptake from Thai, Chinese and Indian dentifrices which are widely used in these respective countries. A non-fluoride dentifrice was included as a control. Dentifrices were analysed for fluoride concentrations using the 'acid-etch biopsy technique'. This study suggests that, when compared to 'multinational dentifrices', the Thai, Chinese and Indian dentifrices manufactured locally failed to show the F availability and/or F uptake efficacy even though they claimed to contain varying levels of F.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1997

Heterogeneous fluoridated hydroxyapatites partially substituted with fluoride ions.

The partially substituted fluoridated apatites H-FHAp0.5 and FH-HAp0.5 were synthesized heterngeneously by supplying fluoride at a concentration equivalent to half of the maximum value of fluorapatite during the initial or final half of the experimental period. Although X-ray diffraction patterns and SEM photos of H-FHAp0.5 and FH-HAp0.5 apatites were not significantly different, high-resolution electron microscopy showed quite different features; H-FHAp0.5 type apatite was an elongated hexagon with electron beam damage in the core, and FH-HAp0.5 type apatite was a rather wide hexagon analogous to fluorapatite. Energy dispersive spectroscopy attached to the SEM showed H-FHAp0.5 apatite to have a higher fluoride peak intensity than FH-HAp0.5. These results supported the previous speculations on the two different types of heterogeneous fluoridated hydroxyapatites: hydroxyapatite covered with fluorapatite and fluorapatite coverted with hydroxyapatite.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1993

Influence of fluoride containing toothpaste on serum and urine fluoride levels in children.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fluoridated toothpaste on serum and urine fluoride levels in two groups of children with supervised brushing. As part of the study dietary intakes of fluoride were calculated from a 24 hour diet record and eight samples of water from different families were also analysed for their fluoride content.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of orthodontic cements containing sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride.

A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of NaF and SnF2, when incorporated into zinc oxyphosphate cement, in reducing the solubility and increasing the microhardness of human enamel. The control cement contained no added fluoride, and the test cements were prepared to contain fluoride concentrations of either 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 ppm from each of the two test fluorides. SnF2-containing cement provided significantly (P < .01) greater solubility reduction at all three concentrations than did NaF cement. SnF2 was also more effective than NaF in rehardening enamel surfaces. SnF2 is thus much more effective than NaF when added to orthodontic cement. Current topical treatment literature, both laboratory and clinical, is in accord with this conclusion.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1982

The effect of contact time of acidulated phosphate fluoride on fluoride concentration in human enamel.

Polished enamel blocks with known surface areas were obtained from human mandibular incisors. Acidulated phosphate fluoride was applied for 4 min and washed off after additional contact times of 0, 2, 6 and 24 h, respectively. The enamel fluoride concentrations were determined in three successive etch depths before and after extraction in 1 M KOH for 24 h. The predominant reaction product was CaF2. The concentration of the fluoride bound as fluorapatite or fluorhydroxyapatite reached an optimal level after a 6-h contact time.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1981

Addition of fluoride compounds to acrylic resin plates: bending strength and fluoride release.

The effect of incorporated CaF2 (2.04%), NaF (2.27%) and amine fluoride (0.71%) in acrylic resin plates, on bending strength and fluoride release by rinsing and immersion in synthetic saliva, was determined. Bending strength was reduced by 6.7, 9.5 and 20% respectively. The most elevated release of fluoride from the NaF containing--and the most protracted from the CaF2 containing--plates may be related to the solubilities of the compounds. It appears that the organic molecule of the AmF compound affects the strength of the acrylic plates most significantly. The F- concentrations released in the in vitro rinsing experiment may be presumed to occur in vivo at some higher level due to the larger size of dental appliances.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1977

Fortnightly fluoride rinsing combined with topical painting of fluoride solutions containing Al-, Fe-, and Mn-ions.

The possibility of achieving a caries-reducing effect by a combination of fortnightly mouthrinsings with 0.2% NaF-solutions and topical painting with solutions containing Al-, Fe-, and Mn-ions was examined in a 4-year clinical study. In addition to the fluoride rinses one of two randomized groups was given three paintings per year with a 0.2% NaF-solution. The other group was painted three times per year with a potassium fluoride solution containing Al-, Fe-, and Mn-ions. This group developed significantly less caries during the study than the NaF-group. The results indicate that certain metal ions can enhance the caries-prophylactic action of the fluoride ions.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a low-fluoride-content, two-component rinse on fluoride uptake and on de--and remineralization of enamel lesions: an in vitro study.

The effect of calcium (Ca) concentrations and added ethanol on fluoride (F) depositions by experimental two-component rinses, each consisting of a Ca-containing and an F-containing component, was evaluated in an in vitro system. Among the tested rinses, a 3 mmol/l F two-component rinse with 200 mmol/l Ca and 10% v/v ethanol was found to produce the greatest F deposition relative to the F concentration in the rinse. Specifically, this rinse produced an F deposition that was about 7 times greater than a conventional 13.2-mmol/l sodium fluoride (NaF) rinse. In a second experiment, an in vitro pH cycling model was used to evaluate the potential anti-caries effects of 4 rinses: (1) placebo rinse (no F), (2) 13.2-mmol/l NaF rinse, (3) 52.6-mmol/l NaF rinse, and (4) the 3-mmol/l F two-component rinse in a 7-day in vitro pH cycling model. The changes in lesion mineral contents, delta(DeltaZ), as assessed by quantitative microradiographic measurements, were as follows [mean +/- standard deviation, n = 10]: (1) 72.5+/-10.2 microm, (2) 43.4+/-5.6 microm, (3) 17.3+/-10.2 microm and (4) 45.3+/-5.2 microm. These results showed that the 3-mmol/l F two-component rinse produced the same (p>0.05) protection against demineralization as did the 13.2-mmol/l NaF rinse which had 4 times the fluoride content. The results suggest that it is possible to formulate an effective low-F two-component rinse.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride deposition in human enamel in vivo from professionally applied fluoride prophylaxis paste.

Deciduous teeth were collected from children who received professional prophylaxis with an acidulated phosphate-fluoride (APF) or placebo paste and were analyzed to determine fluoride uptake. Enamel fluoride level was increased by the APF paste approximately 300 ppm at a depth of 2.5 micrometers during the first month after the prophylaxis was administered, after which it returned to pretreatment levels.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗