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PubMed1985

Amino-terminal processing of proteins: hemoglobin South Florida, a variant with retention of initiator methionine and N alpha-acetylation.

The hemoglobin variant South Florida has been shown by protein sequencing and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectroscopy to have a substitution of methionine for the NH2-terminal valine of the beta-globin chain. In addition, there was complete retention of the initiator methionine on the mutant polypeptide. Approximately 20% of the protein was acetylated at the NH2 terminus of the beta chain. A search of a comprehensive data bank of protein and gene sequences revealed 84 unrelated vertebrate proteins that have not undergone cleavage of leader sequences. A highly nonrandom distribution of residues at the NH2 termini of these proteins predicts removal of the initiator methionine as well as NH2-terminal acetylation. Proteins that undergo removal commonly have serine, alanine, glycine, or valine, as the NH2-terminal residues. The first three residues favor N alpha-acetylation. Proteins that retain the initiator methionine commonly have a charged residue or methionine at the second position. Information on Hb South Florida and other hemoglobins coupled with this survey of primary sequence provides insights into the NH2-terminal processing of proteins.

Acetylation↗

PubMed2004

Persistence, distribution, and emission of Telone C35 injected into a Florida sandy soil as affected by moisture, organic matter, and plastic film cover.

With the phase-out of methyl bromide scheduled for 2005, alternative fumigants are being sought. This study of Telone C35, a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) with chloropicirin (CP), focuses on its emissions, distribution, and persistence in Florida sandy soil in microplots with different soil-water and organic matter carbon (C) content with and without two different plastic film mulches. The addition of CP did not affect the physical behavior of the isomers of 1,3-D. Slower subsurface dispersion and longer residence time of the mixed fumigant occurred at higher water content. An increase in the percent organic carbon in the soil led to a more rapid decrease for chloropicirin than for 1,3-dichloropene isomers. The use of a virtually impermeable film (VIF) for soil cover provided a more even distribution and longer persistence under all the conditions studied in comparison to polyethylene (PE) film cover or no cover. The conditions of near field capacity water content, low organic matter, and a virtually impermeable film cover yielded optimum conditions for the distribution, emission control, and persistence of Telone C35 in a Florida sandy soil.

Allyl Compounds↗

PubMed1996

Ectoparasites (Acari, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Diptera) of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, from southern Florida.

During a 7-yr period (1984-1990), 300 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), from 7 localities in Collier, Dade, and Monroe counties in southern Florida were examined for ectoparasites. Eight species were identified: 4 ticks [Ixodes scapularis Say, I. affinis Neumann, Amblyomma maculatum (Koch), and Dermacentor variabilis (Say)], 1 chigger mite [Eutrombicula splendens (Ewing)], 1 ked (Lipoptena mazamae Rondani), 1 chewing louse [Tricholipeurus lipeuroides (Megnin)], and 1 sucking louse [Solenopotes binipilosus (Fahrenholz)]. The most widely distributed and prevalent species were the deer ked L. mazamae and the blacklegged tick I. scapularis, both of which occurred in all 7 localities, in all years, and in all age classes of deer. Their overall prevalences were 82 and 22%, respectively. The prevalence of L. mazamae varied significantly by month. L. mazamae should be considered a core ectoparasite species of white-tailed deer in southern Florida because of its specificity, distribution, and high prevalence.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for ductal carcinoma in situ: an evolving approach at the University of Florida.

While sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has virtually replaced axillary dissection as the initial diagnostic procedure for invasive breast cancer, the role of SLNB in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with SLNB in DCIS. All patients with DCIS or DCIS with microinvasion (DCISM) who underwent SLNB from June 1997 to April 2002 at the University of Florida were included for analysis. The indications for SLNB were at the discretion of the treating surgeon. Lymphatic mapping involved a sequential dermal-peritumoral radiocolloid injection and dynamic lymphoscintigraphy followed by an intraoperative assessment of radioactivity with a handheld gamma probe. All sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with radioactive counts>or=10% of the ex vivo counts of the most radioactive SLN were removed. Pathologic analysis consisted of slicing the SLN at 2 mm intervals for permanent section. All paraffin blocks of the SLNs were step sectioned in 4 microm sections (92 microm spacing) through the entire lymph node. Slides were then stained with an immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and evaluated by microscopy. Nodal metastases were classified using the 6th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual. From April 1998 to April 2002, 43 patients with DCIS underwent SLNB at the University of Florida. Seven patients (16%) with multifocal or extensive DCIS (five patients) or DCISM (two patients) who underwent SLNB had a positive sentinel node. Two of the three patients considered positive by immunohistochemistry alone had either DCISM or invasive disease. Four (80%) of the five patients with extensive DCIS and a positive sentinel node were ultimately determined to have invasive or microinvasive disease. While SLNB remains controversial in DCIS, our data suggest that patients with extensive DCIS should undergo SLNB at the initial procedure to avoid the need for a second operation. Data from clinical trials are needed to determine the impact of SLNB results on overall survival in patients with DCIS.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Viral tracer studies indicate contamination of marine waters by sewage disposal practices in key largo, Florida.

Domestic wastewater disposal practices in the Florida Keys are primarily limited to on-site disposal systems such as septic tanks, injection wells, and illegal cesspits. Poorly treated sewage is thus released into the highly porous subsurface Key Largo limestone matrix. To investigate the fate and transport of sewage in the subsurface environment and the potential for contamination of marine surface waters, we employed bacteriophages as tracers in a domestic septic system and a simulated injection well in Key Largo, Florida. Transport of bacteriophage (Phi)HSIC-1 from the septic tank to adjacent surface canal waters and outstanding marine waters occurred in as little as 11 and 23 h, respectively. Transport of the Salmonella phage PRD1 from the simulated injection well to a canal adjacent to the injection site occurred in 11.2 h. Estimated rates of migration of viral tracers ranged from 0.57 to 24.2 m/h, over 500-fold greater than flow rates measured previously by subsurface flow meters in similar environments. These results suggest that current on-site disposal practices can lead to contamination of the subsurface and surface marine waters in the Keys.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes Borrelia parkeri and Borrelia turicatae and the potential for tick-borne relapsing fever in Florida.

Isolates of Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia parkeri, and the Florida canine borrelia (FCB) were examined to further phylogenetically characterize the identities of these spirochetes in the United States. DNA sequences of four chromosomal loci (the 16S rRNA gene, flaB, gyrB, and glpQ) were determined for eight isolates of B. turicatae and six isolates of B. parkeri, which grouped the spirochetes into two distinct but closely related taxa (>98% sequence identity) separate from Borrelia hermsii. The FCB was clearly separated with the group identified as B. turicatae, confirming this bacterium as a relapsing fever spirochete. Therefore, the potential for tick-borne relapsing fever in humans and other animals exists in Florida and future efforts are needed to determine the enzootic hosts and distribution of this spirochete in the southeastern United States. Analysis of plasmids demonstrated both linear and circular forms in B. turicatae but only linear plasmids in B. parkeri, which should be of interest to investigators concerned with plasmid diversity and evolution within this group of spirochetes.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2002

Tactile hairs on the postcranial body in Florida manatees: a Mammalian lateral line?

Previous reports have suggested that the sparsely distributed hairs found on the entire postcranial body of sirenians are all sinus type tactile hairs. This would represent a unique arrangement because no other mammal has been reported to possess tactile hairs except on restricted regions of the body, primarily the face. In order to investigate this issue further, hair counts were made systematically in three Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and hair follicle microanatomy was studied in 110 specimens gathered from 9 animals. We found that the postcranial body possesses approximately 1500 hairs per side, and hair density decreases from dorsal to ventral. External hair length ranged from 2-9 mm, and most hairs were separated from their nearest neighbor by 20-40 mm, resulting in an independent domain of movement for each hair. All hairs exhibited the anatomical characteristics of follicle-sinus complexes typical of tactile hairs, including a dense connective tissue capsule containing an elongated circumferential blood sinus and innervation by 20-50 axons which ascend the mesenchymal sheath. We conclude that this represents a unique distributed underwater tactile system capable of conveying detailed and significant external information concerning approaching animals, water currents and possibly the presence of large stationary features of the environment. Such a system would be analogous to the lateral line in fish, and would be particularly useful in the turbid habitat frequented by Florida manatees.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Sorption kinetics and equilibria of organic pesticides in carbonatic soils from South Florida.

A batch reactor was used to determine sorption kinetic parameters (k2, F, and K*) and the equilibrium sorption coefficient (K). The two-site nonequilibrium (TSNE) batch sorption kinetics model was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. Two probe organic pesticides, atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] were studied using three carbonatic soils from South Florida (Chekika, Perrine, and Krome), one noncarbonatic soil from Iowa (Webster), and one organic soil (Lauderhill) from South Florida. Carbonatic soils contained more than 600 g kg(-1) CaCO3. Sorption is initially very fast up to 3 h and then slowly reaches equilibrium. All soil-chemical combinations reached sorption equilibrium after about 24 h and all sorption isotherms were linear. The sorption kinetics data were well described by the TSNE model for all soil-chemical combinations except for the marl soil data (Perrine-Atrazine), which were better described by the one-site nonequilibrium (OSNE) model. Diuron, with higher K, undergoes slower sorption kinetics than atrazine. The Lauderhill soil containing organic carbon (OC) of 450 g kg(-1) exhibited slowest sorption kinetics for both pesticides. An inverse relationship between k3 and K was observed for atrazine and diuron separately in Chekika, Webster, and Lauderhill soils but not in Perrine and Krome soils. The sorption kinetic parameters were used to distinguish the sorption behavior between atrazine and diuron and to identify differences between soils. Normalizing the sorption coefficient (K) to OC showed that atrazine and diuron had K oc values in carbonatic soils that were a third of reported literature values for noncarbonatic soils. Using existing literature K oc values in solute transport models will most likely underestimate the mobility of atrazine, diuron, and other neutral organic chemicals in carbonatic soils.

Carbonates↗

PubMed1987

Influence of Florida 301 wheat in a laying hen diet on egg yolk rupture strength.

A study was designed to determine whether wheat could be substituted for corn without reducing yolk quality and yolk membrane strength. Diets with either corn or Florida 301 wheat as the grain source were fed to 50-wk-old hens (140 per diet). Eggs were collected and stored at 10 C for up to 4 wk or at 23 C for 1 wk. At weekly intervals Haugh units, yolk index, yolk rupture strength, and yolk deformation distance at rupture were measured and compression percentages were calculated. Haugh units and yolk index were not affected by diet. Yolk rupture strength and deformation were 12.3% and 4.7% greater, respectively, for eggs from hens on the wheat diet than for those from hens on the corn diet. Both rupture strength and deformation declined significantly with storage. Eggs stored at 23 C were lower in yolk rupture strength and deformation than those held at 10 C. Percentage of compression at rupture also declined with storage, but the decline was initially more rapid for egg yolks from birds fed the corn diet than for egg yolks from birds fed the wheat diet. It was concluded that Florida 301 wheat may be substituted for corn without incurring any problems in the quality of the yolk and that yolk breaking strength would be enhanced.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2006

Getting closer to a pre-vertebrate genome: the non-LTR retrotransposons of Branchiostoma floridae.

Non-LTR retrotransposons are common in vertebrate genomes and although present in invertebrates they appear at a much lower frequency. The cephalochordate amphioxus is the closest living relative to vertebrates and has been considered a good model for comparative analyses of genome expansions during vertebrate evolution. With the aim to assess the involvement of transposable elements in these events, we have analysed the non-LTR retrotransposons of Branchiostoma floridae. In silico searches have allowed to reconstruct non-LTR elements of six different clades (CR1, I, L1, L2, NeSL and RTE) and assess their structural features. According to the estimated copy number of these elements they account for less than 1% of the haploid genome, which reminds of the low abundance also encountered in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. Amphioxus (B. floridae) and Ciona share a pre-vertebrate-like organization for the non-LTR retrotransposons (<150 copies, < 1% of the genome) versus the complexity associated to higher vertebrates (Homo sapiens >1.3.10(6) copies, > 20% of the genome).

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1980

Culex nigripalpus: a natural vector of wild turkey malaria (Plasmodium hermani) in Florida.

Durking 1977 and 1978, more than 21,000 female mosquitoes of 15 species were live-trapped in south Florida where high numbers of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are known to harbor malarial infections. By inoculation of mosquito extracts into uninfected domestic poults, the presence of sporozoites of Plasmodium hermani was demonstrated in Culex nigrapalpus. This mosquito, previously shown to be a competent experimental vector, is believed to be the primary natural vector of wild turkey malaria in Florida.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Iatrogenic transmission of Cytauxzoon felis from a Florida panther (Felix concolor coryi) to a domestic cat.

A laboratory cat died 12 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of a 1 ml suspension containing 1.5 x 10(6) blood mononuclear cells from a Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi). Gross, histologic and ultrastructural investigations revealed the cause of death to be infection by Cytauxzoon felis, a protozoal parasite known to cause a rapidly fatal disease (cytauxzoonosis) in domestic cats. The bobcat (Felis rufus) has been identified as a natural host for C. felis. This report implicates the Florida panther as another possible host for C. felis.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Bothrigaster variolaris (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) infection in two Florida snail kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus).

Two Florida snail kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus, Say) collected in August and December 1993 from Osceola County (28 degrees 15'N, 81 degrees 17'W) and Glades County (26 degrees 45'N, 81 degrees 10'W), Florida (USA), respectively, were infected with Bothrigaster variolaris (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae); this parasite has not been reported previously from birds in the United States. One bird, a fledgling female, harbored 270 specimens of B. variolaris; the helminths caused airsacculitis and bronchitis, possible contributing factors in the death of this bird. The other bird, a subadult female, was infected with 40 trematodes and had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with trauma as the cause of death.

Air Sacs↗

PubMed1999

Dermatophyte infections in free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi).

Three free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) were diagnosed with clinical dermatophytosis; two were infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and one was infected with Microsporum gypseum. Two of these panthers were juvenile males that were diagnosed with focal to focally coalescing dermatophytosis; one caused by M. gypseum and the other by T. mentagrophytes. These animals were not treated, and clinical signs resolved spontaneously over 6 mo. The third panther, an adult male from southern Florida, presented with a diffuse dermatophytosis due to T. mentagrophytes infection. Initially, the panther had alopecia, excoriations, ulcerations, and multifocal pyoderma of the head, ears, neck, rear limbs, and abdominal region that progressed to lichenification of the skin and loss of nails from two digits. When topical therapy applied in the field at 45-day intervals was ineffective in clearing the infection, the animal was placed in captivity for intensive oral therapy to prevent further development of dermal mycosis, loss of additional nails, and spread of infection to other panthers. The panther was treated orally with itraconazole (9.5 mg/ kg) in the food s.i.d. for 6 wk. After treatment, nail regrowth occurred but the multifocal areas of alopecia remained. The panther was released back into the wild after two skin biopsy cultures were negative for fungal growth. Temporary removal of a free-ranging animal of an endangered species from its habitat for systemic treatment of dermatophytosis requires consideration of factors such as age, reproductive potential, holding facilities, treatment regimen, and the potential for successful reintroduction of the animal.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Conservation implications of genetic variation in three rare species endemic to Florida rosemary scrub.

Habitat conversion and fire suppression during the last 50 yr have greatly reduced and altered Florida scrub vegetation, resulting in threats to the persistence of its unique flora. As part of a larger conservation project, we investigated patterns of isozyme variation in three rare perennial scrub plants with overlapping ranges endemic to Florida rosemary scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge. All three species have low levels of genetic variation, comparable to or lower than those generally reported for rare plants with restricted geographic ranges. Liatris ohlingerae has more than twice the expected heterozygosity of the other two species, with little population differentiation. In contrast, Hypericum cumulicola has highly differentiated populations with little apparent interpopulation gene flow and heterozygote deficiencies indicative of inbreeding. Eryngium cuneifolium, the species with the narrowest range and fewest populations, has intermediate values for genetic parameters. Although the three species have narrow and overlapping geographic ranges and similar habitat specificity, we discuss how optimal conservation of each species differs.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Identification of the people from whom engorged Aedes aegypti took blood meals in Florida, Puerto Rico, using polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling.

We used polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling to construct allelic profiles for residents and visitors of 22 houses in Florida, Puerto Rico, and human DNA from blood meals in Aedes aegypti that were collected in those homes. Complete profiles were obtained for < or = 2 days after blood ingestion. Eighteen percent of the meals came from two different people. There was no evidence of meals from > or = 2 people. Eighty percent of the meal sources were identified, > 70% were taken from residents of the collection house, and > 90% were from residents of the study community. Across the community, feeding was non-random with a bias towards young adults and males. Three people accounted for 56% of the meals. Our results confirm that multiple feeding on different people is an important component in the role of Ae. aegypti in dengue virus transmission and help explain the spatial distribution of dengue cases in a previous epidemic in Florida, Puerto Rico.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1967

Miami, Florida-new city in the new world.

The land of Florida was one of the first areas explored in the New World during the Age of Discovery; Miami is one of the newest major cities to develop in our present age. Members of the Medical Library Association are invited to come to the 1967 Annual Convention on Miami Beach and to enjoy both the past and the present in Miami and in Florida.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1978

Occurrence and distribution of western equine encephalomyelitis in Florida.

Research and surveillance programs relating to the occurrence and distribution of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Florida, conducted between 1955 and 1976, suggest that the virus is (1) an endemic arbordae, (2) transmitted in a continuous cycle throughout the year by Culiseta melanura mosquitoes, and (3) restricted to fresh water swamps and waterways in central, north, and northwest Florida.

Animals↗