Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FECES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of rotavirus in the etiology of acute diarrhea in children from Natal city, RN, Brazil and investigate the existence or not of a seasonal distribution of this pathogen in our environment.METHODS: Fecal samples from 1,903 children (boys and girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 10 years, living in Natal-RN, who presented acute diarrhea episodes in a period from January 1996 to December 1998, were analyzed. We searched viral particles directly in the feces by a passive agglutination reaction using anti-rotavirus specific-group monoclonal antibodies coated latex particles.RESULTS: 151 children (7.9%) of the studied population presented a positive reaction, revealing the presence of rotavirus particles in feces. Considering, however, only the children (ages from 1 to 24 months) who are more susceptible to rotavirus infection, we verified that from 1,065 examined children, 136 of them (12.8%) presented positive reaction for rotavirus, and the great majority of all children with positive reaction (96.3%) had ages ranging from 6 to 24 months. Analysis of the distribution of the cases of rotavirus infection in the three year revealed that the incidence of infection was higher in July, August, and September.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated rotavirus infections have an important role in the etiology of acute diarrhea cases. The majority of the acute diarrhea cases positive for rotavirus occurred during the first two years of life, reaching mainly children from 6 to 24 months, with the highest incidence of infection during the months of July, August, and September.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Rapid and sensitive detection of Shigella sonnei in feces by the use of an O-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody in a combined immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assay.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to develop a rapid, specific and highly sensitive diagnostic method for the detection of Shigella sonnei directly from stool samples. DESIGN AND METHODS: An immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR) combined assay for diagnosis of S. sonnei was developed. For this, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) specific for the O-antigen of S. sonnei was coated to magnetic beads for capture, concentration and separation of S. sonnei from feces. Bacterial DNA, was amplified by the PCR with specific primers. The amplified products were developed by dot blot hybridization with a specific alkaline phosphatase-conjugated probe. RESULTS: The purified MASS MAb reacted specifically with the Plesiomonas shigelloides (the same O-antigen as Shigella sonnei) LPS. The primers were specific for invasive Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Only invasive Shigella sonnei strains gave a positive result in the IMS-PCR assay. The detection limit was 10 to 15 c.f.u. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of IMS-PCR assays provides an improved method for the diagnosis of shigellae directly from feces. The assay is rapid, highly sensitive and specific for the detection of Shigella sonnei directly from stool samples.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Effect of diet on results obtained by use of two commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in feces of dogs.

To evaluate the effect of diet on results obtained by use of 2 commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in feces, 5 dogs were fed 7 diets in randomized sequence. Dry and canned diets with various principal ingredients were evaluated. Each diet was offered twice over a 24-hour period, followed by a 36-hour nonfeeding period. Fecal specimens were collected twice daily, and tests for occult blood were performed within 12 hours. The dietary origin of fecal specimens was confirmed by use of colored markers fed with each diet, and was correlated with estimates of gastrointestinal tract transit time. A modified guaiac paper test and an o-tolidine tablet test were performed on each specimen. Of 59 specimens, 4 were positive for occult blood, using the o-tolidine tablet test. Three positive results were associated with a mutton-based canned diet, and 1 positive result was associated with a canned beef-based diet. Of 59 specimens, 11 were positive for occult blood, using the modified guaiac paper test. Four positive results were associated with the mutton diet, and 3 positive results were associated with the beef diet. Of the remaining 5 diets, 4 caused 1 positive reaction. Results were inconsistent with the null hypothesis that the distribution of positive occult blood test results is not affected by diet (P < 0.025), and indicate that diet can affect the specificity of peroxidase-based tests for detection of occult blood in canine feces. Diet modification prior to testing is recommended.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of two commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in feces of dogs.

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 2 commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in canine feces, various volumes of blood were administered to 6 dogs via orogastric tube. Blood volumes tested were chosen on the basis of hemoglobin quantities of 5, 10, 20, 200, 350, and 500 mg of hemoglobin/kg of body weight. Fecal specimens were collected twice daily and analyzed separately by 2 observers for the presence of occult blood by use of modified guaiac and orthotolodine tablet tests, and for melena by visual inspection. Five dogs given blood at the rate of 500 mg of hemoglobin/kg and 1 dog given blood at the rate of 350 mg of hemoglobin/kg developed melena. Results of both occult blood tests were positive in 2 of 6 dogs given blood at the rate of 5 mg of hemoglobin/kg. Five of 6, and 4 of 6 dogs given blood at the rate of 10 mg hemoglobin/kg had positive test results by modified guaiac and orthotolodine methods, respectively. Results of both methods were positive in all dogs given blood at the rate of 20 mg of hemoglobin/kg. There was 86% agreement between the 2 observers' results for the modified guaiac method, and 78% agreement for the orthotolodine method. There was 77% agreement of results between the 2 test methods. Gastrointestinal transit time decreased with increasing volumes of blood. Occult blood testing was found to be useful for detection of blood in feces at volumes 20 to 50 times less than that required to cause melena.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Improving isolate recovery and identification of the Shiga toxin type in Shiga toxin nucleic acid test-positive feces.

UNLABELLED: Infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains carrying Shiga toxin 2 (stx2) are more likely to result in severe complications; however, most nucleic acid amplification tests used for STEC diagnosis do not differentiate between stx1 and stx2. We therefore sought to optimize stx typing and isolate recovery methods to guide clinical and public health management. stx polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive feces were cultured using CHROMagar STEC and gram-negative broth, with Stx1 and/or Stx2 antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on colony growth or turbid broth. When cultures were EIA-negative, growth from MacConkey agar (MAC), Trypticase soy broth, and the gram-negative broth was then tested using a lab-developed typing PCR for stx1 and stx2. Colonies were isolated on CHROMagar STEC or MAC and identified using the typing PCR. Using both EIA and typing PCR, the stx types were identified in 96.0% of cases (381/397). In 65.2% (259/397) of cases, culture was EIA-positive, of which 34.0% (87/256) were Stx2-positive. Among cultures that were EIA-negative but typing PCR-positive, 64.8% (79/122) were stx2-positive (P < 0.0001 compared to EIA-positive). Using both EIA and typing PCR resulted in 72.6% (286/394) of cases with successful attempts at isolate recovery, compared to 60.7% (239/394) with EIA alone. E. coli O157 was recovered from more EIA-positive cases (19.3%, 46/239) than EIA-negative ones (4.3%, 2/47) (P = 0.0097). Typing PCR on cultures improves stx typing (particularly stx2) and isolate detection compared to EIA alone. Screening BD Max PCR and subsequent typing PCR results showed excellent concordance. IMPORTANCE: Escherichia coli strains with one or both types of Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea and can lead to serious complications such as kidney failure, especially in children. Infection by stx2-positive strains is more likely to do so. Therefore, knowing whether the infection is caused by a strain carrying stx2 is important for risk assessment and case follow-up. The conventional way to diagnose these infections is to grow the bacteria from stool, but most laboratories currently use nucleic acid detection (e.g., bacterial DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), and these assays do not differentiate between the two toxin genes. Culture is therefore required to determine toxin type, as well as for public health outbreak investigations, which require an isolate for whole-genome sequencing for serotyping and cluster analysis. We identified culture media and a PCR-based method to detect stx2 in culture that improved the detection of stx2 and isolate recovery. Our findings provide more accurate results for clinicians to improve patient care and tools for public health teams to control and prevent outbreaks.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

X-ray single-crystal analysis of (-)-(S)-equol isolated from rat's feces.

The biological effects of soy isoflavones have attracted considerable interest in recent years, leading to numerous studies on dietary intake and epidemiology. (-)-(S)-equol (3) is a metabolite produced in vivo from the isoflavone daidzein, a kind of soy phytoestrogen, by the action of gut microflora. It has higher biological activity than its precursor. Here, we wish to report the isolation and first X-ray crystal structure of 3 from the feces of rats fed a soy-isoflavone-containing diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the ELISA test for detection of Entamoeba histolytica in feces.

The clinical utility of an ELISA test with monoclonal antibodies to detect antigen of Entamoeba histolytica in feces was evaluated in 150 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Each subject was examined by rectosigmoidoscopy with rectal smear and/or a triple stool search for ova-bacteria-parasite (OBP); in addition, one stool sample was collected for the ELISA test. All the tests were independent and double blind. E. histolytica was detected by OBP and/or rectosigmoidoscopy in 66 patients; 61 patients had other parasites; and in 23, no parasites were identified. Of all patients, 116 were positive for the ELISA test. Of these, E. histolytica was identified in 52. In 47, other parasites were identified and in 17, no parasites were found. The ELISA test with a monoclonal antibody against E. histolytica antigen showed higher sensitivity than the standard diagnostic methods: the ability to detect the presence of E. histolytica antigen regardless of the destruction of the parasite or of the error due to misidentification of the parasite resulting from faulty preparation of the samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Trace analysis of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its glycineamide, and their alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates in mouse blood, urine, and feces.

Chemical methods were developed for the trace analysis of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its glycineamide, and their alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates in mouse blood, urine, and feces. The salient elements of the methods are extraction of the free acids with benzene, methylation, cleanup on a silica gel column, and quantification via electron-capture GLC. Any unextracted conjugates remaining in the substrates are then subjected to alklaline hydrolysis, and the liberated 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid is assayed. Data are presented concerning recoveries of the compounds from the three spiked substrates. The utility of the procedures is illustrated by a preliminary pharmacolinetic study employing parallel electron-capture GLC and radioassays of the three substrates from mice injected with a single intravenous dose of 14C-2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. GLC characteristics and partition values of the the compounds and hydrolysis of the glycineamide under various conditions also are discussed.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Trapping of chemical carcinogens with magnetic polyethyleneimine microcapsules: III. In vivo trapping of electrophiles from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and recovery from feces.

The use of semipermeable magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules for trapping carcinogens in vivo is described. After intragastric administration to rodents, up to 40% of the microcapsules were extracted magnetically from fecal suspensions, with most recovered in the first 24 h after administration. The mean diameter of the recovered microcapsule population was in some cases larger than that administered. The changes in size distribution and incomplete recovery could be ascribed to the magnetic extraction technique rather than loss or destruction of microcapsules in vivo. By contrast, magnetic hemoglobin microcapsules were not stable in vivo and were recovered in very low yields. An important factor determining the recovery of administered PEI microcapsules was the amount of encapsulated magnetite. Microcapsules administered intragastrically to rodents trapped up to 0.02% of an intragastric dose of N-[methyl-14C]-N-nitrosourea (1). Binding was dose dependent with the limiting factor being the number of available binding sites; increasing the number of administered microcapsules accordingly increased the total amount of 1 bound by them. After administration of [14C--CH3]-derivatized microcapsules, the recovery from feces of microcapsule-associated radioactivity was 48-74%, up to twice the numerical recovery. Although this indicates that microencapsulated labeled core PEI was recovered, it could not be released upon sonication. This was due in part to an increased resistance of the microcapsules to sonication caused by GI tract transit that was probably due to nonspecific absorption of substances. Subsequent acid treatment released some radiolabeled core PEI, as indicated by precipitation with polyacrylic acid. Excreted microcapsules were found to have material adsorbed both on the outer membrane surface and also throughout the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of two direct methods for the determination of fatty acids in infant feces.

We have validated and compared two direct methods for the determination of fatty acids in feces by capillary gas chromatography. Method I consisted of esterification of fatty acids using acetyl chloride. Method II used boron trifluoride-methanol as esterification reagent. The two methods were assayed with and without previous freeze-drying of the fecal sample. We found that the two methods could be carried out without sample freeze-drying. Precision and recovery rates were determined and the results were satisfactory. Both methods gave similar results, but Method II has certain advantages over Method I, such as speed, safety, and better recovery rates.

Acetates↗
PubMed2000

Visualization of TT virus particles recovered from the sera and feces of infected humans.

TT virus (TTV) has not yet been cultured or visualized. We attempted to recover and visualize TTV-associated particles from the serum samples and feces of infected humans. Serum samples were obtained from 7 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Three patients had a high TTV DNA titer (10(8) copies/ml), three had a low TTV DNA titer (10(2) copies/ml), and one was negative for TTV DNA. Fecal supernatant was obtained from a different TTV-infected subject. The serum samples were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and TTV DNA-rich fractions were subjected to floatation ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride. Virus-like particles, 30-32 nm in diameter, were found in the 1.31-1.33 g/cm(3) fractions from each of the three serum samples with high TTV DNA titer, but not in any fraction from the four serum samples that either were negative for TTV DNA or had low TTV DNA titer. The TTV particles formed aggregates of various sizes, and immunogold electron microscopy showed that they were bound to human immunoglobulin G. Similar virus-like particles with a diameter of 30-32 nm banding at 1.34-1.35 g/cm(3) were visualized in fecal supernatant with TTV genotype 1a by immune electron microscopy using human plasma containing TTV genotype 1a-specific antibody.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Seasonal patterns of sex steroids determined from feces in different social categories of Greylag geese (Anser anser).

Seasonal patterns of fecal 17beta-OH-androgen, estrogen, and progesterone equivalents of male and female greylag geese (Anser anser) were analyzed in a flock of free-living geese. These were compared among social categories determined by pairbond status and breeding success. The annual cycle was divided into 13 phases. Phasewise intra-sexual comparisons were made between social categories. The seasonal variation obtained from feces was in general agreement with the literature on plasma patterns in geese and other temperate-zone birds. However, there were distinct differences in seasonal hormone patterns among the social categories. In unpaired males, androgen was elevated for a longer period of time during sexually active phases compared with paired males. In male geese, high levels of androgen did not interfere with parenting but were related to pairbond status, whereas in females, androgen and progesterone were positively related to parental behavior. In the Fall, androgen, progesterone, and estrogen peaked only in unpaired males. In unsuccessful females, estrogen started to increase earlier in the Winter and was higher in amplitude and duration than that in females guarding offspring. In general, fecal steroids showed a clear-cut difference only between sexually active and parental phases of the year in the successfully breeding pairs, whereas unpaired males retained a hormonal state closer to sexually active phases throughout the year.

Androgens↗
PubMed1994

Green and black tea consumption by humans: impact on polyphenol concentrations in feces, blood and urine.

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of green tea, black tea and decaffeinated black tea consumption on urinary and fecal excretions and whole blood and blood serum concentrations of polyphenols. The 56 day study was divided into four randomly arranged experimental periods of 14 days each during which the 10 healthy adult subjects consumed a laboratory controlled, constant, measured diet based on ordinary foods. During separate periods, subjects received no tea, green tea, regular black tea or decaffeinated black tea beverages at the three daily meals. Subjects made complete collections of urine and stools throughout the study and fasting blood samples were drawn at the beginning of the study and at the end of each experimental period. Polyphenols contained in urine, feces, whole blood, blood serums, food and tea were analyzed by the spectrophotometry method of Wah Lau et al. (1989). Green tea consumption resulted in highest intakes in greatest fecal and urinary excretions, highest retentions, and high whole blood concentrations of polyphenols followed by effects of regular black tea, decaffeinated black tea and no tea treatments. These results indicate that polyphenols from tea are at least partly absorbable. Hence, both positive and negative effects of dietary polyphenol may occur internal to the body proper and not only as effects within the intestines.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Mutagenic activity of the feces of rats following oral administration of tartrazine.

After oral administration of the azo dye tartrazine, bile and feces of treated rats were investigated for mutagenicity using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation. In the presence of S 9-mix fecal extracts developed a weak but reproducible dose-related response in strain TA 100. In bile no metabolites exerting mutagenic activity were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of astroviruses in feces of a cat with diarrhea. Brief report.

Astroviruses were detected by electron microscopy in the feces from a 4 month old kitten with diarrhea. The mean diameter of the viral particles was 28.7 nm, and they showed characteristic five- or six-pointed star-shaped surface configurations. The clinical disease manifested by the cat and the observed morphology of the viral particles are consistent with previous reports on astroviruses of other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of a new calicivirus isolated from feces of a dog.

Canine calicivirus (CaCV), isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea, was readily propagated in cultures of canine cells and in a dolphin cell line. Serologic evidence indicated many dogs in at least one geographic area had been infected with CaCV, but its role as an etiologic agent of disease was not established. In cell culture most CaCV virions were strongly cell-associated making purification difficult. CaCV was established as a member of the Caliciviridae by morphology and physicochemical properties of virions (density, sedimentation rate, single major polypeptide, RNA genome size), although some of the properties differed slightly from those of previously described caliciviruses; evidence was also obtained for caliciviral RNA species in infected cells. Based on tests with antisera to numerous caliciviruses and presumed caliciviruses, CaCV appeared to be not closely related to any previously described virus except the stunting syndrome agent of chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clostridium difficile and cytotoxin in feces of patients with antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

Thirty patients with antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) were studied for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in feces. Either colonoscopy or barium enema radiography was required in three patients for the diagnosis of PMC because of nondiagnostic findings at sigmoidoscopy. Both the organism and cytotoxin were detected in 27 of the 30 patients; Staphylococcus aureus was excluded as the cause of PMC in two of the remaining patients. Eighteen of 19 patients with C. difficile-induced PMC who were treated with oral vancomycin had a salutary response; seven patients, however, had a relapse of colitis following the discontinuation of vancomycin. In general, relapses of colitis responded to retreatment with vancomycin. The implication of C. difficile as a cause of diarrhea is best achieved by the demonstration of colonic mucosal plaques or of a pseudomembrane. The value of fecal culture for C. difficile and cytotoxin assay is limited by the existence of asymptomatic carriers.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Reduced mercury excretion with feces in germfree mice after oral administration of methyl mercury chloride.

When methyl mercury chloride was administered orally the amount of mercury excretion with feces of germfree mice was noticeably lower than that of the control mice. Germfree mice excreted 24 percent of the administered mercury within 10 days of administration while the control mice excreted 46 percent. Mercury retention in the organs of germfree mice was slightly higher than in the control mice. These results suggest that the existence of microorganisms in animal intestines are concerned with mercury excretion in the animal body.

Animals↗