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PubMed1990

Specificity of crude and purified Fasciola antigens in immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis.

A study has been done to find the effect of purification of crude antigens extracted from adult F. gigantica and F. hepatica on the cross reactions encountered in C.I.E.P., I.H.A. and E.L.I.S.A. serological techniques with sera o other parasitic and non-parasitic diseases. It was performed on 75 patients and 20 healthy controls. It was found that sera of many diseases may cross-react with crude Fasciola antigen in serological diagnosis. These diseases include schistosomiasis, hydatidosis, amoebic liver abscess, heterophyiasis, trichinosis, non parasitic liver diseases (liver neoplasms, pyogenic liver abscess, viral hepatitis and acute leukaemic) and rheumatoid arthritis. Partial purification of crude Fasciola antigens is a suitable method to avoid cross reactivity when using C.I.E.P. or to diminish them when using E.L.I.S.A. No need for this purification when using I.H.A. So using partially purified adult Fasciola antigens C.I.E.P. was the most specific test (100%) of followed by C.L.I.S.A. then I.H.A.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Molluscicidal effect of three monoterpenes oils on schistosomiasis and fascioliasis vector snails in Egypt.

Thymol, Linalool and Eugenol showed considerable molluscicidal effect against Biomphalaria alexandrina, Bulinus truncatus and Lymnneae natalensis. The thymol was the potent one at least LC50 and LC90) followed by euganol then linalool. L. natalensis were more sensitive to these compounds followed by B. truncatus and then B. alexandrina. The LC50 & LC90) of thymol were 22 and 34 ppm against B. alexaldrina, 20 and 30 ppm for B. truncatuts and 18 and 29 ppm for L. nalalensis. These values were higher with Eugenol, 28 and 48 ppm for B. alexuadrina, 24 and 44 ppm for B. truncatus and 22 and 40 ppm for L. natalensis. Linalool showed highest values of LCs5 and LC90 against B. alexandrina, 34 and 56 ppm, against B. truncatus 30 and 52 ppm and for L. natalensis 28 and 48 ppm, respectively. Maintaining of B. alexandrina at LC10 of Thymol for one week induced an inhibitory effect in the level of some enzymes (AchE, SDH). It led to increase in the activity of other enzymes (ACP, ALP & G-6-PD). Acetylcholine-sterase activity (AchE) of treated B. alexandrina was significantly reduced by 45.9% when compared to control. The results showed a significant decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) by 46.4% together with a concomitant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity level (G-6-PD) by 47.5% in comparison with control. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes were found to be higher in the treated snails than in control ones. The percentage increases were 47.2% & 73.2% respectively. The results also showed an elevation in the hemolymph glucose content of treated snails by 51.9% while the tissue glycogen content was reduced by 48.1%. The infection of B. alexandrina with S. mansoni miracidia was greatly reduced by thymol LC10 (sublethal dose). The infection rate reduction was 43.1%. The treated snails' prepatent period was prolonged (34.2 +/- 3.3 days) compared to control (28.4 +/- 1.2 days). A highly significant reduction of total cercarial production per snail occurred in experimental snails as compared to control.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2006

Effect of three dormant oils on schistosomiasis and fascioliasis vector snails and its relation with some non-target snails.

Three oils were tested for their molluscicidal activity, Caple-2, Kemasol and Super-max. Super-max had the strongest toxic effect on B. alexandrina and other snail species. Its LC50 was 0.53 ppm, meanwhile LC50 of Kemasol 3.2 ppm and 4.21 ppm for Caple 2. The LC50 & LC90 of the oils were lower in Lymneae natalensis as compared to B. alexandrina. The LC50 & LC90 of the oils against non-target snails (Physa acuta, Helisoma duryi, Planorbis planorbis and Melanoides tuberculata) were higher as compared to B. alexandrina. Hatchability of snails' eggs exposed to Super-max (3.0 & 5.0 ppm) was stopped completely and l.0 ppm showed the lower percent of egg hatchability 22.7 %. Caple 2 and Kemasol did not affect eggs hatchability. Supermax had the strongest harmful effect on both miracidia and cercariae of S. mansoni. 100% mortality values were obtained for both larval stages after 8 & 9 minutes respectively when maintained at LC50. 100% mortality of miracidia occurred after 35 & 155 minutes when maintained at LC50 of Kemasol & Caple 2 respectively. The infection rate of B. alexandrina with S. mansoni miracidia was greatly reduced by the sublethal concentrations of the oils. The reduction of infection rate was higher in snails treated with Supermax (42.9%). A highly significant reduction of total cercarial production per snail was in the experimental groups as compared with controls. The prepatent period of treated snails was prolonged compared to control. Moreover, Total protein content and enzyme activities of snails treated with LC10 of oils showed a significant reduction as compared with control in haemolymyph. There was an increase of protein contents in the tissue. AlkP enzyme activity was slightly increased in haemolymph of experimental groups than controls and was significantly higher in the tissues as compared to control. ALT enzyme activity in haemolymph of experimental groups was higher than control, but lower in tissue. AST enzyme activity was higher in haemolymph and tissue of experimental groups than controls. The SDS-PAGE pattern of tissue soluble proteins extracted from treated B. alexandrina and controls showed different oils effects on the synthesis of protein within snails yielded a complex pattern of polypeptides ranging in molecular weight between 13.775 to 156.7 kDa. Many bands were present in treated snails. At least, one band was detected for snails treated with each of the oils and not in controls. The difference in the similarity indices between treatment and control; for Kemasol was 0.86 & 0.64, for Caple 2 was 0.61 & 0.55 and for Supermax was 0.64 & 0.86. LC25 of Supermax did not cause any mortality to Daphnia after 6 hr. But, LC50 & LC90 caused lower mortality after 6 hr. Kemasol caused 100% mortality after 4 hr at LC50 and 2 hr in LC90. Caple 2 caused 50% mortality of Daphnia after 5 hr at LC25 &100% mortality after 30 minutes in LC50 & LC90.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatic fascioliasis. Uncommon cause of prolonged febrile syndrome with hypereosinophilia and hypodense images on computed tomography of the liver].

A 40 year old man was admitted with prolonged fever, hypereosinophilia, increased serum levels of cholestasis enzymes and low density masses in the hepatic computed tomography (CT). A liver needle biopsy was performed under CT control. Neoplastic, pyogenic or amoebic etiology were excluded. Stool parasitologic examination was also negative. A diagnosis of hepatic fasciolasis was based on the finding of operculate eggs in duodenal juice obtained by duodenal aspiration. The patient was successfully treated with triclabendazole (10/mg/kg/single dose). The purpose of this communication is to emphasize 1) that prolonged fever with hypereosinophilia and focal lesions in hepatic CT suggest the presence of fasciola hepatica which must be investigated particularly in duodenal juice; 2) the CT aspects of this disease; 3) that triclabendazole, a benzimidazolic compound, is a new therapeutic possibility acting on immature and adult forms of the parasite in the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Initial feasibility studies of the fast-ELISA for the immunodiagnosis of fascioliasis.

The Falcon assay screening test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted for the detection of antibodies to Fasciola hepatica excretion-secretion (FhES) antigens in various animal models. Pooled serum from 5 5-wk-old sheep infected with 400 F. hepatica metacercariae had high absorbance levels by 2 wk of infection and rose again at 8-10 wk. Pooled serum from 5 6-wk-old Holstein calves infected with 700 F. hepatica metacercariae had an increase in absorbance levels by 2 wk of infection, rising through 6 wk of infection. Rabbits with a primary F. hepatica infection (6-7 worms) developed antibodies to FhES by 3 wk of infection, peaking by 5 wk and remaining at high levels through the 16 wk tested. Mice with a primary F. hepatica infection developed antibodies to FhES rapidly, rising by 1 wk of infection and peaking 1-3 wk later. The sera from mice with a primary Schistosoma mansoni infection were also examined for the production of antibodies to both S. mansoni worm antigens (SmWWE) and to FhES. Antibodies to SmWWE rose by 5 wk of infection, peaking 1-3 wk later; the antibody levels to FhES rose at 6 wk with the absorbance values peaking 1 wk later and were always lower than those to SmWWE. This suggests that the anti-FhES antibodies in murine schistosomiasis mansoni may be due to cross-reactive antibodies to S. mansoni egg antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Laparoscopic findings in liver fascioliasis. Study of 13 cases].

The laparoscopic findings in 13 patients with liver fasciolasis are described. Diagnosis was made in three cases in base of the presence of ova Fasciola Hepatica in the patient's faeces and in 10 cases, because they fulfilled the following conditions: ingestion of fresh watercress, eosinophilic count exceeding 30%, positive serologic tests, eosinophilic granulomas with Charcot-Leyden crystals in liver biopsy and good response to treatment with dihidroemetine or bithionol. Nine cases (68.2%) showed hepatomegaly. In 12 of 13 (92.3%) lesions suggestive of hepatic distomatosis were found. Hepatic nodules of different sizes and shapes could be seen in 10 patients (76.9%), Glisson capsule was involved in five cases (38.4%) and peritoneum in three (23%). The latter was always affected with the liver but, on the other hand, liver capsule was found affected alone in two cases. In our experience, laparoscopy with liver biopsy is an important method for diagnosis of abdominal fasciolasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemic human fascioliasis. Cuba 1983. VI. Clinical study of 40 children in the Hospital Provincial of Sagua la Grande].

We studied forty children with "Febrile-eosinophilic-Syndrome". They presented Fasciola Hepatic infection confirmed by: Fever, high eosinophils and abdominal pain. 82% used to eat watercress. All of them had positive biopsies-laparoscopies-intradermo-reaction and also reaction to Fasciola antigen. We present the results of and epidemic in Cuba during 1983.

Adolescent↗