Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ELECTROMYOGRAPHY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Laryngeal electromyography for adult unilateral vocal fold immobility: a survey of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association.

OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic and management strategies for adult unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) vary among otolaryngologists. The aim of this study was to determine the current attitudes and practices regarding laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) for the management of adult UVFI within a cohort of subspecialty laryngologists. METHODS: A 19-item instrument focused on diagnosis and management of adult UVFI was mailed to active members (n = 249) of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association (ABEA). The subset of questions related to LEMG is reviewed in this report. Statistical analysis using a chi2 test was performed. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 34% (n = 84), with 8 surveys returned incomplete because of pediatric-limited practices. Of the respondents, 75% (n = 57) rely on LEMG for evaluation of UVFI, whereas 25% (n = 19) do not use LEMG. Of those who use LEMG, 54% place their own electrodes and 44% interpret the LEMG results themselves. Monopolar electrodes are used by 57% (n = 25), bipolar electrodes by 27% (n = 12), and hooked-wire electrodes by 17% (n = 7). Muscles evaluated by LEMG include the thyroarytenoid (100%), cricothyroid (94%), posterior cricoarytenoid (70%), lateral cricoarytenoid (43%), cricopharyngeus (27%), and interarytenoid (17%). The LEMG is performed in an unblinded fashion by most respondents (85%), and many (66%) feel a more accurate result is obtained when clinical information is known. There was no statistically significant difference in use of LEMG, placement of electrodes, and interpretation of LEMG according to percentage of laryngology practice. CONCLUSIONS: The survey results demonstrate congruence among ABEA members in the utility of LEMG in the management of adult UVFI. Some variability was noted in the methods by which LEMG is performed and interpreted.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Electromyography findings of the cricopharyngeus in association with ipsilateral pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles.

OBJECTIVES: We reviewed a large series of cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle electromyography (EMG) results and compared them with the EMG results from the inferior constrictor (IC), thyroarytenoid, (TA), cricothyroid (CT), and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all CP muscle EMG reports from studies performed between January 1996 and June 2003. All of the tested elements from the CP muscle EMG reports were recorded. The EMG results were recorded for the ipsilateral IC, TA, CT, and PCA muscles if they were simultaneously tested. Each muscle result was classified as normal, neurogenic inactive axonal injury (IAI), or neurogenic active axonal injury (AAI), and the muscle findings were compared. A patient chart review was performed to determine a clinical correlation. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients underwent CP muscle EMG. Eighteen patients had bilateral EMG studies, making a total of 77 CP muscle studies. Nineteen sets of CP muscle results were normal, 43 demonstrated neurogenic IAI, and 15 demonstrated neurogenic AAI. The ipsilateral IC and CP muscles had the same innervation status in 27 of 28 studies (p < .0001). When the ipsilateral TA muscle was studied simultaneously with the CP muscle, 31 of 50 studies had the same innervation status (p = .005). The ipsilateral CT and CP muscles demonstrated the same innervation status in 40 of 50 studies (p < .0001). The correlations between the CP and IC muscle findings and between the CP and CT muscle findings were both stronger than the correlation between the CP and TA muscle findings (p < .0001 and p = .024, respectively). The chart review demonstrated the clinical findings to be consistent with the EMG results. CONCLUSIONS: The EMG studies demonstrated that CP muscle findings have the strongest correlation with IC muscle findings, followed by the CT and TA muscles. This outcome does not support theories indicating that the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the CP muscle in all cases.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1990

Electromyography of the inferior constrictor and cricopharyngeal muscles during swallowing.

Electromyography (EMG) of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IC) and the cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle was recorded in 18 patients with swallowing and/or aspiration problems who were candidates for cricopharyngeal myotomy. The EMG recordings were compared to those of 13 "normal" subjects who did not suffer from such problems. Differences in EMG activity between the control group and the patient group were considered with respect to the clinical symptoms in the patient group. Recording of EMG in the CP and IC muscles is relatively safe, useful, and easily mastered. The technique may provide important information regarding the function of some of the muscles involved in deglutition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Correlation between stroboscopy and electromyography in laryngeal paralysis.

Twenty patients with vocal fold motion impairment were reviewed to correlate the findings of electromyography (EMG) and stroboscopy. The causes of motion impairment were idiopathic, previous surgery with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, neck and skull base trauma, and neoplasm. The EMG studies were analyzed to assess the status of innervation of the immobile vocal fold. The presence or absence of the mucosal wave prior to therapeutic intervention was determined with stroboscopic examination. Eight of 10 patients with EMG evidence of reinnervation or partial denervation were found to have mucosal waves, and 3 of 10 patients with EMG evidence of denervation were found to have mucosal waves. Six patients developed mucosal waves after surgical medialization, despite evidence of denervation by EMG criteria. These findings support the premise that tension and subglottic pressure, rather than status of innervation, determine the presence of the mucosal wave.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Laryngeal electromyography findings in idiopathic congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Children with idiopathic congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) were investigated by electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles to determine whether laryngeal EMG findings had diagnostic or prognostic significance. Four children between 3 weeks and 33 months of age were studied. Three had abductor paralysis and were tracheostomy-dependent, while the fourth had adductor paralysis requiring a feeding gastrostomy. Two of these patients also had other anomalies. Motor unit potentials showing phasic bursts with respiration were found in all four cases, while three children developed a full interference pattern on lightening of the anesthetic. Follow-up for between 37 and 52 months showed no significant clinical improvement in any of the patients. While the diagnosis of idiopathic congenital BVCP can represent a heterogeneous group of conditions, the findings suggest that normal laryngeal EMG findings may be a feature of idiopathic congenital BVCP but do not imply a favorable prognosis for early recovery. They may, however, have implications to explain the likely site of lesion in idiopathic congenital BVCP.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Value of electromyography in differential diagnosis of laryngeal joint injuries after intubation.

Laryngeal joint injury or arytenoid dislocation is not an uncommon complication resulting from intubation trauma, and is best evaluated by laryngeal electromyography (EMG) combined with laryngoscopic examinations. Two cases of cricoarytenoid joint injuries after intubation are reported along with laryngeal EMG findings. Early diagnosis of arytenoid dislocation is important for appropriate surgical management and better prognosis. However, the reported cases, because of delayed referrals, showed prolonged cricoarytenoid joint injuries associated with thyroarytenoid muscle denervation or myopathy, and resultant vocal fold immobility. The results of laryngeal EMG in cricoarytenoid joint injuries can be classified into three different patterns: 1) normal recruitment, 2) myopathy, and 3) denervation or reinnervation of the thyroarytenoid muscles. It is particularly valuable to sample different portions of the thyroarytenoid muscles with EMG in order to evaluate different patterns or pathologic changes of the muscles and nerve paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The impact of reacher length on electromyography activity and task.

BACKGROUND: Reachers are common assistive devices prescribed to help individuals carry out their day-to day activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of muscle activity in the arm and forearm when using two commercially available reachers of different lengths. METHOD: Fifteen women between the ages of 23 and 25 performed a reaching activity that simulated moving a soup can from a cupboard to a counter. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity in the arm and forearm and to gain an understanding of the relative contributions of different muscles when using the short-handled reach in comparison to the long-handled reacher. RESULT: The results showed no significant differences between the short and the long reacher conditions for any of the muscles investigated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The length of a reacher does not necessarily affect the amount of muscle strength required in some muscles and may not be a major factor in the therapist's choice of reacher length.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evoked electromyography and idiopathic facial paralysis.

The purpose of this study was to standardize and evaluate the results of evoked electromyography (EEMG) in normal patients and in patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis. A comparison of the amplitude of response to EEMG from one side of the face to the other in 288 normal patients yielded a great variability in results. The amplitude difference was not greater than 50%, and therefore a difference of less than 50% was considered normal. Test-retest variability of the percentage difference in amplitude in 10 subjects showed a 10% variation in seven patients and up to a 20% variation in the remaining three patients. Fifty patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis were seen within 14 days of onset. A favorable prognosis was based on an EEMG amplitude of more than 25% of the normal side. With this criterion EEMG was accurate in predicting complete recovery in 36 (92%) of 39 patients. When EEMG was 25% of normal or less, incomplete recovery occurred in 9 (82%) of 11 patients. The response was 0% to 10% in six patients; four had a poor recovery and the remaining two had a fair recovery. The technique, interpretation of results, avoidance of pitfalls, and shortcomings of this test are discussed.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1984

The role of electromyography in clinical laryngology.

Laryngeal electromyography (EMG) has been used primarily as a research tool with only limited application to clinical practice. We have performed laryngeal EMG in a clinical research setting for over 2 years and have found it a valuable adjunct in selected situations. The electrophysiology and technique of laryngeal EMG are reviewed. Laryngeal EMG is the most accurate method of determining compromise of the superior laryngeal nerve. It is valuable in evaluating patients with mechanical fixation of the vocal cords. The eventual outcome of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis may also be predicted in certain patients. Laryngeal EMG is safe, easy to perform, and should be considered when evaluating the patient with laryngeal dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The use of masseter electromyography with electroneurography in the evaluation of facial paralysis.

In the evaluation of facial paralysis, electroneurography provides a quantitative assessment of the degree of degeneration. Near the endpoint of degeneration, the facial musculature compound action potential may be contaminated by masseter artifact resulting from supramaximal stimulation. We propose the use of both masseter electromyography and electroneurography in the evaluation of advanced degeneration to better define the current level for supramaximal stimulation, to eliminate masseter artifact, and to more accurately assess the degree of facial nerve degeneration.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Prognostic value of evoked and standard electromyography in acute facial paralysis.

Ninety-one patients with idiopathic (n = 62) and traumatic (n = 29) facial paralyses were available for evaluation at least 1 year after the onset of paralysis. In nine cases of idiopathic paralysis and in 12 cases of traumatic paralysis, total intratemporal nerve decompression was performed. The remaining patients were treated with steroids alone. All patients underwent evoked electromyography (EEMG) testing within 2 weeks of the onset of paralysis. Facial nerve recovery was graded using the House-Brackmann facial nerve recovery scale. Subjects were grouped according to maximal decline of compound muscle action potential (CAP), as determined by EEMG, and by level of recovery 1 year after onset of paralysis. Among patients who did not undergo surgical decompression of the facial nerve, incomplete clinical recovery (grade III or higher) was significantly associated with CAP decline of greater than 90% (p less than 0.05) for idiopathic paralysis. In contrast, there was no significant association between CAP decline of greater than 90% and clinical outcome in traumatic paralysis. These findings support previous reports of the prognostic value of EEMG in idiopathic facial paralysis, but suggest that this test may have less predictive value in the evaluation of facial paralysis as a result of trauma.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2006

Kinematics and electromyography of landing preparation in vertical stop-jump: risks for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.

BACKGROUND: Biomechanical analysis of stop-jump tasks has demonstrated gender differences during landing and a potential increase in risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury for female athletes. Analysis of landing preparation could advance our understanding of neuromuscular control in movement patterns and be applied to the development of prevention strategies for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. HYPOTHESIS: There are differences in the lower extremity joint angles and electromyography of male and female recreational athletes during the landing preparation of a stop-jump task. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Three-dimensional videographic and electromyographic data were collected for 36 recreational athletes (17 men and 19 women) performing vertical stop-jump tasks. Knee and hip angular motion patterns were determined during the flight phase before landing. RESULTS: Knee and hip motion patterns and quadriceps and hamstring activation patterns exhibited significant gender differences. Female subjects generally exhibited decreased knee flexion (P = .001), hip flexion (P = .001), hip abduction (P = .001), and hip external rotation (P = .03); increased knee internal rotation (P = .001); and increased quadriceps activation (P = .001) compared with male subjects. Female subjects also exhibited increased hamstring activation before landing but a trend of decreased hamstring activation after landing compared with male subjects (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Lower extremity motion patterns during landing of the stop-jump task are preprogrammed before landing. Female subjects prepared for landing with decreased hip and knee flexion at landing, increased quadriceps activation, and decreased hamstring activation, which may result in increased anterior cruciate ligament loading during the landing of the stop-jump task and the risk for noncontact ACL injury.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrated electromyography of the vastus medialis muscle after meniscectomy.

Integrated electromyography (IEMG) is a valuable method for evaluating a muscle and documenting muscle rehabilitation. In a study of six adult males who had meniscectomies following tears of the medial meniscus, IEMG was performed to record the condition of the vastus medialis muscle preoperatively and at intervals (1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months) after the operation. The evidence shows that at 3 months postoperatively, all patients had a normal range of motion, and the extension force of the quadriceps muscle had reached values of the control leg; but the IEMG relative to the extension force revealed that the vastus medialis portion of the quadriceps was far from restored and needed a significantly higher activity to produce the same force as it had in the control leg.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isometric muscle strength and quantitative electromyography of back muscles in wrestlers and tennis players.

The isometric motor performance of the trunk muscles was studied in 10 male wrestlers and 9 male tennis players, all of whom were elite athletes. Isometric flexion, extension, and lateral bending were performed. The motor output, including fatigue, was studied by means of a load cell and using electromyography. The wrestlers were found to have symmetrical strength and were stronger in all measured directions, especially in side bending (flexion, 852 N; extension, 951 N; right and left side bending, 759 N and 744 N, respectively), than the tennis players and normal subjects of any published study. The development of fatigue in the erector spinae muscles, as evaluated by spectral analysis of the myoelectric signal, was not symmetrical and was significant bilaterally at the lumbar level and on the right side at the thoracic level. As expected, the tennis players had asymmetrical isometric strength. They were stronger in left side bending than right side bending (643 N compared with 557 N, P less than 0.01), and stronger in extension than flexion (835 N compared with 638 N, P less than 0.01). The development of fatigue in the erector spinae muscles was significant bilaterally at the lumbar level and on the left side at the thoracic level. The development of fatigue in the tennis players was less than that of the wrestlers except for the left thoracic measurement site. Our conclusions are that tennis players appear to be relatively weak in trunk flexion. The wrestlers displayed a development of fatigue that was asymmetrical and was of nearly the same degree as the tennis players, but on the opposite side.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Characterization of the facial expression of emotions in schizophrenia patients: preliminary findings with a new electromyography method.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated facial expression of emotions (FEE) in schizophrenia patients, using an improved and highly selective facial electromyography (EMG) method, and we examined the correlation between FEE and psychopathology. METHOD: We compared unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 32) with healthy subjects (n = 21) with regard to the activity of 3 joy-relevant facial muscles (the M.zygomaticus, the M. orbicularis oculi, and the M.levator labii). Emotions were induced by pictures from the International Affective Picture System. We measured previsible muscle activity with a new, highly selective facial EMG. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to evaluate psychopathology. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia showed fewer joy or smile reactions than did control subjects and displayed decreased activity of the M.orbicularis oculi and M.zygomaticus under presentation of positive pictures. Reduced activity of these muscles can be caused by depression. Increased activity of the M. levator labii correlates with positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that psychopathological syndromes correlate with schizophrenic mimic disturbances. These results can be used to compare various antipsychotics with regard to their influence on mimic disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Electromyography in infants and children.

Electromyography (EMG) is of proven value in the diagnosis of acute and chronic neuromuscular diseases in infants and children. When this technique is combined with nerve conduction studies, including repetitive nerve stimulation studies, it is often possible upon completion of the studies to identify the disorder as one of nerve, neuromuscular junction, or muscle. The purpose of this article is to review the principles and techniques of EMG in infants and children and to describe the EMG findings in several neuromuscular disorders.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Pediatric ulnar mononeuropathy: report of 21 electromyography-documented cases and review of the literature.

Pediatric ulnar mononeuropathies are the most frequent upper extremity mononeuropathies seen in the electromyography laboratory at The Children's Hospital, Boston. Twenty-one children (12 boys and nine girls) with pediatric ulnar mononeuropathy, aged 5 to 18 years, were seen from 1979 to 1991. The causes included acute trauma in 11 children (52%), compression in five children (24%), entrapment in three children (14%), and indeterminate in two children (10%). The sites of nerve injury included the elbow in 10 children (48%), forearm in three children (14%), wrist in five children (24%), hand in one child (4%), and indeterminate in the remaining two children (10%). Prognosis is more favorable in nontraumatic (83% improved) pediatric ulnar neuropathies than with traumatic lesions (56% improved), with at least a 1-year follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Dynamic gait electromyography study in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients.

Preoperative and postoperative dynamic gait electromyography (EMG) weas performed on 15 patients 8 to 13 year of age with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy who underwent Achilles tendon lengthening and posterior tibial tendon transfer anteriorly through the interosseous ligament for correction of equinus and equinovarus foot deformities. The muscles tested preoperatively (anterior tibial, soleus, gastrocnemius, posterior tibial, peroneal longus, and peroneal brevis) showed phase changes. It is believed that patients with weakened leg muscles fire multiple muscle groups out of phase in an attempt to overcome the action of the stronger muscles, thus stabilizing the limb for ambulation. Postoperative EMGs, performed with the patients walking in long leg braces after the deformity had been corrected, showed little activity in the muscles tested. As the patients became dependent on the brace, the need for the muscles to be active out of phase was eliminated. The transferred posterior tibial muscle appeared to be active both clinically and electromyographically.

Achilles Tendon↗