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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Orthodeoxia and platypnoea after acute organophosphorus poisoning reversed by CPAP: a newly described cause and review of the literature.

The case of a 60-year-old male patient, who survived severe organophosphorus poisoning, and subsequently developed platypnoea and orthodeoxia is described. The patient was mechanically ventilated for a long period of time in the intensive care unit. During the weaning trial, he developed platypnoea and orthodeoxia (PaO2 85 mmHg in recumbency, and 40 mmHg in upright position). Interestingly, the patient's orthodeoxia was alleviated on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. This is a newly described cause of the platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed and a review of the reported abnormal states associated with this condition is presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Pericardial synovial sarcoma: 14-year survival with multimodality therapy.

We report a case of recurrent primary synovial sarcoma of the pericardium. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for t(X,18) demonstrated the presence of the chimeric transcript SYT/SSX. Because of the rarity of this entity, optimal therapy is unknown. The prognosis of this tumor is very poor in previous reports. In this report, we present a case with five recurrences treated by a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The patient survives now for more than 14 years, the longest reported survival of a primary synovial sarcoma of the pericardium.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Study on characteristics of biocometabolic removal of omethoate by the Aspergillus spp.

A strain Aspergillus spp. F1 which could effectively metabolized omethoate was screened out in this study. F1 tended to form granula with diameter 4-5mm after 5 days culture in shaker. The pH range from 4.5 to 6.5 was the suitable pH range for growth and metabolism of Aspergillus spp. F1. The maximum omethoate removal rate was about 3.0mg/(hL), and the removal fraction of omethoate reached 90% after 8 days culture when initial concentrations of omethoate were not more than 2000mg/L in medium. There was no obvious relativity between cell growth and cometabolism of omethoate. Starch was the best carbon source for omethoate removal and the result after 3 days reached 56.6% removal. F1 could use omethoate to metabolize as single nitrogen or phosphate source. The residual fragments in medium after treatment with the Aspergillus spp. F1 were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis results showed that only fragment o,o,s,-trimethyl phosphorothioate (TEP) containing phosphorus was available and the fragment containing nitrogen was consumed by F1 thoroughly in culture process. But no accumulations of TEP were observed in the omethoate bioremediation process. F1 could effectively remove omethoate in complex nutritional environment safely.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1998

The importance of electrodiagnostic studies in acute organophosphate poisoning.

Six patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning in whom electrodiagnostic studies influenced or supported specific decisions in management are described. One patient was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of acute alcoholic intoxication. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed single stimulus induced repetitive responses and decrement-increment responses at 30 and 50 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation, findings that are indicative of a depolarization block due to inactivation of acetylcholinesterase at the motor end-plate. The patient was subsequently treated as a case of acute organophosphate poisoning. The administration of edrophonium (0.1 mg) to another patient with normal neuromuscular transmission studies unmasked the latent electrophysiological abnormalities. Three instances are described in which electrodiagnostic studies were useful in predicting whether pralidoxime administration was likely to be useful and for how long was pralidoxime therapy to be continued. Phrenic nerve conduction study in one patient with impending respiratory failure revealed an unstimulable phrenic nerve. The potential role of phrenic nerve conduction studies and neuromuscular transmission studies in influencing decisions like intubation and mechanical ventilation is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate insensitive acetylcholinesterase, in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae.

A 2.2-kb full length cDNA containing an ORF encoding a putative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) precursor of 673 amino acid residues was obtained by a combined degenerate PCR and RACE strategy from an organophosphate-susceptible Bactrocera oleae strain. A comparison of cDNA sequences of individual insects from susceptible and resistant strains, coupled with an enzyme inhibition assay with omethoate, indicated a novel glycine-serine substitution (G488S), at an amino acid residue which is highly conserved across species (G396 of Torpedocalifornica AChE), as a likely cause of AChE insensitivity. This mutation was also associated with a 35-40% reduction in AChE catalytic efficiency. The I199V substitution, which confers low levels of resistance in Drosophila, was also present in B. oleae (I214V) and in combination with G488S produced up to a 16-fold decrease in insecticide sensitivity. This is the first agricultural pest where resistance has been associated with an alteration in AChE, which arises from point mutations located within the active site gorge of the enzyme.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1980

Use of an indicator sequence of human DNA to study DNA damage by methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine.

A highly reiterated sequence of human DNA was used to determine the sites of modification of DNA caused by the anti-tumor drug methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN2, mechlorethamine, nitrogen mustard) upon treatment of cells in culture and of purified DNA. The lengths of the breakage products of the DNA treated with HN2 were compared to the lengths of DNA scission products produced by chemical reactions used for DNA sequence determination. HN2 was found to create alkali-labile lesions at positions of guanine. The distribution of the guanine modifications was the same for DNA extracted from cells treated with HN2 and for purified DNA treated with HN2. However, the extent of damage was at least 2-fold greater when purified DNA was used as the substrate. Several nitrogen mustard analogues also produced alkali-labile lesions at positions of guanine.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of exposure to organophosphate pesticides on serum cholinesterase levels.

In this paper are reported the effects of organophosphate pesticide exposure. Agricultural workers were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group selected from the general population. A significant difference was detected (Student's t = 1.99, p = .05) between the median activity levels of serum cholinesterase in agricultural workers at the end of the work day (mean 4.44, 95% CI = 4.12-4.77), compared with those in the control group (mean = 4.85, 95% CI = 4.57-5.13). The decrease in cholinesterase activity, measured at the beginning (mean = 4.70, 95% CI = 4.38-5.02) and end of the work day, was very significant (paired t = 2.70, p = .01). An interaction was identified between the type of work and the worker's age. Younger workers tended to perform more dangerous activities, and they experienced a greater decrease in cholinesterase activity. This study indicates that subclinical intoxication of agricultural workers, by pesticides, is occurring in Mexico and indicates the need for primary prevention programs that address occupational contact with such substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Clinical and toxicological data in fenthion and omethoate acute poisoning.

This study paper reports on two cases of poisoning with the organophosphorus insecticides, fenthion and omethoate. The two victims were admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) a few hours after ingestion of the two insecticides. They received appropriate treatment for organophosphorous poisoning (gastric lavage, activated charcoal, atropine and pralidoxime) and supportive care. Both patients survived. Organophosphate blood levels were determined on admission (fenthion 2.9 micrograms/ml, omethoate 1.6 micrograms/ml) and during the hospitalisation and proved to be considerably high. Slow elimination rate of the poison already distributed in the body was indicated for both pesticides. The patient with omethoate poisoning remained clinically well (Glasgow Coma Scale: 15) and was discharged three days later. The patient with fenthion poisoning, who had also ingested 30 mg of bromazepam and 720 mg of oxetoron, developed cholinergic crisis six hours after admission and was intubated for 24 days, with concomitant complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of respiratory and cutaneous doses and urinary excretion of alkylphosphates by workers in greenhouses treated with omethoate, fenitrothion, and tolclofos-methyl.

This research evaluated exposure pathways across work tasks for three organophosphate pesticides in a group of greenhouse workers. During reentry in ornamental plant greenhouses, five male workers were monitored for five consecutive days. Skin contamination (excluding hands) was evaluated with nine pads of filter paper placed on the skin. Hand contamination was assessed by washing with 95% ethanol. Respiratory exposure was evaluated by personal air sampling. The respiratory dose was based on a lung ventilation of 20 L/min. The doses absorbed were estimated assuming 10% skin penetration and 100% lung retention. Urinary alkylphosphates were assayed in the 24-hour urine samples of the days on which exposure was evaluated. Respiratory exposure was usually less than skin contamination, being 4.5 +/- 8.4%, 9.9 +/- 10.0%, and 49.5 +/- 26.6% (mean +/- standard deviation) of total exposure for omethoate, tolclofos-methyl, and fenitrothion, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that urinary alkylphosphate (nmol/24 hours) (y) was significantly correlated (r = 0.716, p < 0.001) with the respiratory doses of the three active ingredients absorbed the same day (x1) and with the cutaneous dose absorbed the previous day (x2). The relationship was expressed by the equation y = 0.592x2 + 0.117x, + 156.364. The doses of omethoate absorbed by one worker were more than 45 times the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 1.41 nmol/kg body weight (b.w.) The ADI for fenitrothion and tolclofos-methyl (10.8 and 212.6 nmol/kg body weight, respectively) were never exceeded. High absorption by one worker underlines the importance of correct use of protective clothing. In this study the hands were always a source of contact with the pesticides. Greater precautions should be taken to reduce contamination (clean gloves, constant use of gloves).

Adult↗