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Results for “Dehumanization”

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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lebensunwertes Leben: the devolution of personhood in the Weimar and pre-Weimar era.

Radical social change in most societies does not typically occur "overnight." It requires preparation--preparation in the way people think. The rise of euthanasia in western culture is a case in point. In order for assisted death to be increasingly accepted, the social-moral consensus must be altered. Typically, that consensus will be influenced by trends in biology, the behavioral sciences, ethics, law, even economics. Examining the manner in which assisted death was "prepared" in the decades before the ascendency of National Socialism is highly instructive as we witness the rise of euthanatic thinking in our own day several generations removed.

Dehumanization↗
PubMed2002

What are persons made of?

Many current debates between Catholic and secular bioethicists stalemate upon one central dispute: whether human dignity is a property persons bear at conception, or a product of social engagement, i.e., whether persons are born, or made. We need not resolve that dispute, however, to affirm two points that the prospect of human cloning should teach us. First, whether persons are born or made, whether we affirm a creationist, traducian, or even reincarnational view of the soul, the prospect of cloning highlights the inescapably communitarian dimensions of human dignity. Second, within a pluralist moral culture, we're best advised to conceive human dignity not only as a property ascribed to us through divine grace, but also as an ethical imperative to be inscribed, by us, in the dignifying social practices by which we bear and raise persons.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMedDate not supplied

I, chimera.

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Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed2005

Orphans by design.

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Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed2005

The failure of formal rights and equality in the clinic: a critique of bioethics.

For communities which espouse egalitarian principles, the hierarchical nature of care-giving relationships poses an extraordinary challenge. Patients' accounts of their illnesses and of their medical care capture the latent tension which exists between notional, political equality and the need for dependency on care from others. I believe that the power imbalance in doctor-patient relationships has broad implications for liberal democracies. Professional and care-giving relationships almost always consist of an imbalance of knowledge and expertise which no template of egalitarian moralism can suppress. When we seek help or guidance from authority figures, we are at a disadvantage politically even though we may be equal citizens theoretically and legally. Hierarchic relationships persist within democracies. Moreover, they tend to exist within a realm of privacy which is only partially visible from the social realm. In the end, traditional notions of liberal autonomy and egalitarianism do not properly describe or monitor these interactions. Liberal rhetoric (i.e., terms such as equality, rights, consent, etc.) pervades much of bioethical literature and interventions but, this very language tends to mask the persistence of structural hierarchies in the clinic. The doctor-patient relationship forces democratic communities to confront the problem of continuing hierarchic power relations and challenges liberalism to revise its understanding of individual autonomies.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2006

Therapeutic perspectives of human embryonic stem cell research versus the moral status of a human embryo--does one have to be compromised for the other?

UNLABELLED: Stem cells are unspecialized cells able to divide and produce copies of themselves and having the potential to differentiate, i.e. to produce other cell types in the body. Because of the latter ability, the scientists investigate their possible use in regenerative medicine. Especially embryonic stem cells have huge therapeutic potential because they can give rise to every cell type in the body as compared to stem cells from certain adult tissues which can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types. For this reason scientists stress the importance of embryonic stem cell research. However, this research raises sensitive ethical and religious arguments, which are balanced against possible great benefit of such research for the patients suffering from so far incurable diseases. The objective of this literature review is to present the main arguments in favor and against human embryonic stem cell research. Since the sensitivity of the latter issue to a large extent stems from the position of predominant religions in a given society, the positions of the main religions regarding embryo research are also presented. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus regarding ethical aspects of human embryonic stem cell research. The article presents both the arguments supporting human embryonic stem cell research and the arguments opposing it.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The incredibles.

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Aging↗
PubMed2006

Gifts of the body.

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Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1990

Human dying has changed.

The act of dying has changed in response to social changes accompanying scientific and technologic progress. Increasingly, at least in the Western world, people are dying within strange medical establishments without the support of their loved ones and without an opportunity to take part in decisions relating to their own deaths. This article deals with the serious personal and social distress arising from this state of affairs and describes the emerging role of bioethics as a discipline seeking to develop options that are more humane.

Bioethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What price parenthood?

Current reproductive technology challenges us to think seriously about social values surrounding childbearing. Thoughtful discussion must combine careful attention to the experience of pursuing parenthood by technological means with principled reflection on the morality of this pursuit.

Dehumanization↗