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Dances with Wolfe.

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Group Practice↗

T and B cell cooperation: a dance of life and death.

In order for the body to develop a good antibody response, B cells need to react intimately with antigen specific T cells. Experimental evidence using hapten-carriers revealed that T and B cells do not recognize the same epitope and this led to the view that the physical contact is mediated by the antigen. Although the modern concept of antigen presentation has changed our perception on how the antigen can bridge both cells, the basic virtues of earlier bridging models remain. Over the past few years, a number of surface ligand-receptor pathways have been described, most of them belonging either to the CD28/B7 Ig or to the TNF/TNFR-like families. These act in concert, whether they are agonist or antagonist, in a timely and spatially organized manner. They form cascades of successive induction and recruitment to ensure that T-B cooperation is closely controlled at all stages of antibody induction.

Animals↗

Quantum choreography: making molecules dance to technology's tune?

We consider how the ability to control quantum effects might give rise to entirely new technologies, present an overview of potential applications and consider some of the key challenges facing quantum control. A general overview of the main techniques that have been employed successfully so far in controlling various quantum phenomena is given and their applications, advantages and shortcomings are discussed. We conclude with an outlook on the future challenges to be overcome to make quantum technologies a reality.

Journal Article↗

Dancing around the divisome: asymmetric chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli.

By simultaneously tracking pairs of specific genetic regions and divisome proteins in live Escherichia coli, we develop a new scheme for the relationship between DNA replication-segregation, chromosome organization, and cell division. A remarkable asymmetric pattern of segregation of different loci in the replication termination region (ter) suggests that individual replichores segregate to distinct nucleoid positions, consistent with an asymmetric segregation of leading and lagging strand templates after replication. Cells growing with a generation time of 100 min are born with a nonreplicating chromosome and have their origin region close to mid-cell and their ter polar. After replication initiation, the two newly replicated origin regions move away from mid-cell to opposite cell halves. By mid-S phase, FtsZ forms a ring at mid-cell at the time of initiation of nucleoid separation; ter remains polar. In the latter half of S phase, ter moves quickly toward mid-cell. FtsK, which coordinates the late stages of chromosome segregation with cell division, forms a ring coincident with the FtsZ ring as S phase completes, approximately 50 min after its initiation. As ter duplicates at mid-cell, sister nucleoid separation appears complete. After initiation of invagination, the FtsZ ring disassembles, leaving FtsK to complete chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.

Bacterial Proteins↗

Dancing with the enemy: the interplay of herpes simplex virus with dendritic cells.

Summary Herpes simplex virus (HSV) represents a smart pathogen, which displays both lytic and latent modes of interaction with its natural human host. In order to be optimally equipped for immune evasion and to reply to any attacks of the host during reactivation, HSV has developed a multitude of cleverly devised defence strategies. Dendritic cells (DC) as antigen-presenting cells located at the border zones of the body and the environment have been shown to play a crucial role as one of the first cells interacting with HSV beside epithelial cells, on one hand, and as important controllers of the viral spreading on the other hand. Here, we provide a research update about the interaction of HSV with DC and summarize the latest proceedings in this field.

Antigens, CD↗

Intermediate filaments and vesicular membrane traffic: the odd couple's first dance?

During the last two decades, much attention has been focused on the regulation of membrane traffic by the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks. Their dynamic and polarized behavior and associated motors provide a logical framework from which architectural and movement cues can be communicated to organelles. The study of these cytoskeletal systems has been greatly aided by pharmacological agents. In contrast, intermediate filaments (IFs) have largely been neglected as a potential player in membrane traffic, both because a comprehensive pharmacology to perturb them does not exist and because they lack the intrinsic polarity and specific motors that make the other cytoskeletal systems attractive. In this review, we will discuss evidence suggesting that IFs may play roles in controlling organelle positioning and in membrane protein targeting. Furthermore, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which IFs may regulate the localization and function of organelles.

Adaptor Protein Complex 3↗