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PubMed1982

Focal giant papillary conjunctivitis from retained contact lenses.

Three cases of retained contact lenses leading to focal papillary conjunctivitis of the upper lids reminiscent of the more diffuse changes of lens or suture-induced giant papillary conjunctivitis are reported. One silicone and two cabufocon lenses were responsible. Corneal changes occurred in two of the three cases. Secondary infection with Staphylococcus aureus was found in one patient. In two, conjunctival cytology suggested a hypersensitivity mechanism. In all three patients the simple removal of the retained lens was sufficient to reverse pathology. The focal nature of the papillary changes observed in these patients as well as in those cases occurring post-operatively from exposed suture edges would point towards an important direct mechanical etiologic factor in addition to the proposed hypersensitivity basis for the similar diffuse upper lid papillary hypertrophy characteristic of giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in the etiology of conjunctivitis].

PURPOSE: To turn attention to the etiological importance of chlamydia in chronic conjunctivitis. METHODS: From December 1993 to November 1994 the authors examined 95 patients with chronic conjunctivitis for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in conjunctival epithelial cells using direct immunofluorescent antibody tests. RESULTS: The test was positive in 23 patients and most of them responded positively to general tetracycline treatment combined with locally used Sulfacetamide or Floxal. CONCLUSION: Chlamydia trachomatis are common causes of conjunctivitis in adults.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects levocabastine ophthalmic solution (H1 receptor antagonist) on symptoms of vernal conjunctivitis. A prospective, randomized double-blind study].

A double blind, prospective and randomized study was carried out in forty patients with clinical diagnosis of vernal conjunctivitis and eosinophilia in conjunctival scrapings. They were divided in two randomized groups of 20 patients each. One of the groups received levocabastine ophthalmic solution and the other saline solution drops. The mean age of the study group was 9.1 years old with a vernal conjunctivitis history of 44 months. The control group mean age was 10.1 years old and a history of vernal conjunctivitis of 48 months prior the enter of the study. One group received levocabastine 0.5 mgrs/ml while the other balanced saline solution, one drop every 12 hours per seven days. The patients evaluated their symptoms through a visual analogic scale (every day). Data collected was analyzed, for the first, third and seventh day, through U-Mann Whitney statistical analysis. Epiphora and photophobia showed a significant improvement. Itching, edema and foreign body sensation showed improvement in the levocabastine group but without statistical significance. Hyperthermia remained the same in both groups studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Coagulase-negative staphylococci in conjunctivitis and blepharitis.

Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (C-NS) are regarded as normal flora of the lids and conjunctiva. The ability of these organisms to cause conjunctivitis and blepharitis can be overlooked or disregarded. To elucidate the role of individual C-NS species in these eye diseases we compared Staphylococcus sp. isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of 50 healthy volunteers with 248 strains of Staphylococcus isolated from patients with staphylococcal conjunctivitis or blepharitis. S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of both groups. S. aureus was isolated only from infected patients. No individual C-NS species was found to be significantly associated with eye disease, but the colony count of C-NS after isolation was a useful indicator of conjunctivitis and blepharitis. The ability of Staphylococcus to ferment mannitol or mannose was associated with isolates only from infected patients.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1993

Aggravation of experimental allergic conjunctivitis by environmental chemical and physical factors.

The effects of trichlorfon (DEP, Dipterex, anticholinesterase pesticide) and paraquat dichloride (Gramoxon, inhibitor of superoxide dismutase) on passive anaphylactic reaction in guinea pig conjunctiva using Japanese cedar pollen were quantitatively studied. For estimation of allergic conjunctivitis, Evans blue after i.v. injection was extracted from conjunctiva and measured spectrophotometrically. Allergic conjunctivitis was apparently aggravated by extremely low dosages of organophosphorus pesticide (10(-5) mg/kg) and organochlorine herbicide (10(-4) mg/kg). The aggravation of allergic conjunctivitis was also observed after exposure to cathode ray tubes used in commercial television, possibly due to electromagnetic waves. IgE-mediated allergic reaction could be non-specifically potentiated by such environmental factors.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

Clinical and laboratory findings in chronic conjunctivitis in cats: 91 cases (1983-1991).

Clinical findings and laboratory test results from 91 cats with chronic conjunctivitis were studied to determine the causes of the disease and the sensitivity of diagnostic procedures used, and to identify correlations between results of various diagnostic procedures and clinical or signalment variations. Mean age of affected cats was 2.9 +/- 2.7 years (+/- SD), with a range from 1 month to 11 years. Conjunctivitis was more likely to be bilateral (56 cats) than unilateral (35 cats). In cats tested for FeLV or feline immunodeficiency virus infection, 15 and 8.5%, respectively, of the results were positive, compared with 4 and 2.6% for the general hospital population. Culturing or immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and Chlamydia psittaci IFA resulted in identification of pathogens (positive test results) in 19% (FHV-1) and 18% (C psittaci) of tested cats. For FHV-1, culturing was more sensitive than was IFA, yielding positive results in 19 vs 8.8% of cases. In only 1 cat were FHV-1 and chlamydiae recovered. The probability of positive test results for FHV-1 or chlamydiae was unrelated to concurrent corneal disease, unilateral vs bilateral involvement, or age. Cause of conjunctivitis could not be definitively determined in the remaining 35 cases tested for both agents. Bacterial species considered to be potentially pathogenic were isolated from conjunctival sac specimens in only 1 of 38 attempts. Cytologic changes considered compatible with chlamydial or FHV-1 infection (intracytoplasmic inclusions or multinucleated epithelial cells, respectively) were found in 8 and 5 cases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Sodium cromoglycate (intal) in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis.

Intal drops (sodium cromoglycate) relieved symptoms of vernal conjunctivitis in all the 19 patients we studied, reducing the need for steroids although the response varied. Intal was also effective in all 11 patients with acute or subacute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, but in only 4 of 11 patients with mild chronic conjunctivitis associated with atopy. No side-effects were noted other than mild irritation in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis associated with chlamydiae in swine.

Two swine herds housed in confinement had high prevalences of conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Necropsies were performed on 7 pigs (2 to 8 weeks old) with mucopurulent conjunctivitis from one farm and on 1 sow with keratoconjunctivitis from another farm. Histologically, the small pigs had lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis with mild lymphofollicular hyperplasia. The sow had marked conjunctival lymphofollicular hyperplasia and ulcerative keratitis with neovascularization. Ultrastructural examination of conjunctival specimens from the pigs and sow revealed chlamydiae, often associated with glycogen within intracytoplasmic vacuoles in conjunctival cells. The identity of the chlamydiae isolated from 2 necropsied pigs as well as from conjunctival swab specimens from other pigs on the same farm was unknown. It is possible that the chlamydiae seen ultrastructurally within intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing glycogen in conjunctival cells were Chlamydia trachomatis. Results of this investigation suggested an etiologic role, at least in part, for chlamydiae in the disease process of these swine. On the basis of ultrastructural findings, mycoplasmal coinfection could not be ruled out. Several pigs also had cytomegalic inclusion virus rhinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Antiseptics versus antibiotics in the treatment of the experimental conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

To evaluate the effect of some antiseptics, which have fewer side effects than antibiotics, an experimental model of bacterial conjunctivitis in vivo was used. This model imitates traumatic Staphylococcus aureus conjunctivitis in the rabbit. At 48 h after infection, polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP)-iodine, bibrocathol (Noviform, NF), ethacridine (Biseptol, BS) and bacitracin+polymyxin B+neomycin (Polyspectran, PS) were applied. NaCl served as the control. At days 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 a photographic documentation was done, and a swab was taken every 2nd day. In achieving regression of hyperemia, the substance tested were ranked in the following order: PVP, NF, BS, PS, and NaCl. In the elimination of S. aureus, the ranking order was BS, PVP, PS, NaCl, and NF. The overall ranking was PVP, BS, PS, NF, and NaCl. However, the differences were not significant. In this standardized in vivo model of bacterial conjunctivitis, antiseptics are superior over an antibiotic in accomplishing regression of hyperemia and germ elimination.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Participation of environmental chemicals in experimental allergic conjunctivitis].

The effects of organophosphorus pesticides (trichlorfon and fenitrothion) and an organochlorine herbicide (paraquat) on experimental allergic conjunctivitis were studied quantitatively. Guinea pigs were passively immunized with antiserum to Japan cedar pollen. The above chemicals were administered subcutaneously 2 days prior to challenge with cedar pollen in the conjunctival sac, resulting in allergic conjunctivitis. The intensity of the conjunctival allergic reaction was quantitatively estimated by measuring the extravasation of Evans blue in the conjunctiva which had previously been administered intravenously. The allergic conjunctivitis was apparently aggravated by extremely low dosage level of organophosphorus pesticide (10(-4) approximately 10(-5) mg/kg) and organochlorine herbicide (10(-3) approximately 10(-4) mg/kg). The most intensive aggravating reaction was obtained 10(-5) mg/kg of organophosphorus pesticide and at 10(-4) mg/kg of paraquat dichloride. The aggravating effects of organophosphorus pesticide and organochlorine herbicide persisted at least two weeks after the single administration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clobetasone treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: a comparative double blind study.

Glucocorticosteroids are often included in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The present study compares the efficacy on clinical and cytological parameters and safety of topical clobetasone butyrate compared to placebo. The trial, designed as double blind, randomized and parallel group treatment, was carried out in 30 patients, suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to Grass pollen, during the pollen season (June 1992). Patients received clobetasone butyrate 0.1% eye drops or placebo eye drops, two drops each eye, t.i.d. for 10 days. The clinical and cytological evidences were investigated on admission and at the end of treatment by clinicians and by patients on a dairy card. The steroid group showed a rapid and significant clinical improvement and at the end of the trial a statistically significant difference was evidenced between the active drug treated group and placebo treated group. No serious side effects were observed. The results show the clinical efficacy of clobetasone butyrate in the treatment of pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis].

32 newborns with neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis were reported. Diagnosis was carried out through immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody of conjunctiva scraping staining; 37 conjunctiva samples were taken from same number of newborn patients not responds to topical antibiotic treatment. The sample came out from two different third level institutions with maternal facilities and attending more than five thousand deliveries per year each one of them. Were studied incidence and clinical picture from neonatal C. trachomatis conjunctivitis. Positive immunofluorescent and conjunctive culture of secretion to C. trachomatis in the sample were 86 per cent (32 out of 37). 19 of the newborns acquired Staphylococcus associated to C. trachomatis (59%): nine with S. aureus in six Staphylococcus negative coagulase was isolated and four with the latest two. Out of 32 patients who demonstrated positive cultures to C. trachomatis (86%), 22(69%) were males and ten (31%) were females. Significant proportion of newborns were identified as small for gestational age. 18 of them were born by natural way and 14 by cesarean section. In 16/32 (50%) had interstitial pneumonia by Chlamydia. The main clinical findings were stated as: conjunctiva exudate in different stages including purulent secretion and oedema or inflammation of the ophthalmic conjunctiva. Those newborns where topical therapy did not irradiate the organism and demonstrated clinical picture persistence or relapse and diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection, systemic treatment with erythromycin and topic tetracycline were installed, disappearing all symptoms. Maternal history related to neonatal disease were mainly: endocervical infection, miscarriages and or preterm delivery.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis in adults. Study of diagnostic techniques].

The place of Chlamydia trachomatis in acute or chronic conjunctivitis is certainly underestimated due to the difficulties involved in the diagnosis. Three diagnostic techniques for Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis were compared: conjunctival sac swab for ELISA technique, scraping of the tarsal conjunctiva for direct immunofluorescence and for culture. Two groups of patients were studied: 73 patients with acute or chronic conjunctivitis and 44 asymptomatic patients. 19.2% of the patients in the first group had a positive result with the two techniques and 6.8% of the patients in the second group also had positive results with the same criteria. Our results show that indirect immunofluorescence is the technique most frequently positive, followed by ELISA, while culture remains the most specific but the least sensitive technique. The existence of healthy carriers Chlamydia trachomatis is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Primary meningococcal conjunctivitis: implications beyond the conjunctiva].

BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis is a uncommon cause of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. However, its diagnosis has important therapeutic implications. METHODS: From December 1993 to January 1984, a prospective study on acute bacterial conjunctivitis was performed at the Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Primary meningococcal conjunctivitis (PMC) was diagnosed in 34 patients. The diagnosis of PMC was made on the basis of consistent clinical manifestations together with isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from conjunctival exudate culture. RESULTS: There were 16 men and 18 women with a mean age of 3.5 +/- 3.3 years. PMC was bilateral in 7 patients and unilateral in 27. Initial therapy for PMC included only topical antibiotics in 24 patients and systemic antibiotic therapy in 10. Ten patients (29.4%) developed invasive meningococcal disease. None of the patients died neither developed ocular sequelae. Forty one percent of the patients who received only topical therapy and none [corrected] of those who received systemic therapy, developed invasive meningococcal disease (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: PMC may represent the portal of entry for invasive meningococcal disease, which occurs in almost a third of patients. Patients with PMC and higher risk of developing invasive meningococcal disease are those treated only with topical antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) with conjunctivitis.

An epornitic of conjunctivitis in free-flying house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) occurred in several mid-Atlantic and eastern states of the USA in 1994. Clinical signs and gross lesions ranged from mild to severe unilateral or bilateral conjunctival swelling with serous to mucopurulent drainage and nasal exudate. Microscopic lesions consisted of chronic lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis. Notably slow-growing mycoplasmas were isolated from conjunctival and/or infraorbital sinus swabs from clinically affected birds. Isolates were identified as Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) by direct immunofluorescence and DNA probe-based polymerase chain reactions. These findings suggest that MG is the likely etiology for this epornitic of conjunctivitis in house finches.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Basophils in vernal conjunctivitis in humans: an electron microscopic study.

The histopathological changes of vernal conjunctivitis comprise stromal infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic leukocytes and epithelial invasion by mast cells and eosinophils. Blood vessels show swelling and death of endothelial cells and increased permeability with associated extravasation of erythrocytes and fibrin. The presence of basophils in ocular tissue has not been reported previously, and their occurrence in conjunction with the other pathological changes enables vernal conjunctivitis to be compared with, and classified as a manifestation of, delayed-type hypersensitivity of the cutaneous basophil type. Thus the mechanism is probably a mixture of both delayed and immediate immunological responses.

Basophils↗
PubMed1995

Comparative double masked randomised placebo controlled clinical trial of a herbal eye drop preparation in trachoma and conjunctivitis.

A double blind controlled clinical trial has been done with a herbal eye drop preparation in case of trachoma stage III and chronic conjunctivitis of the eyes. In both trachoma and chronic conjunctivitis, the herbal eye drop formulation proved its superiority over placebo. Side-effects (burning sensations) were observed with normal saline which was used as placebo. But no side-effects were observed in the patients of trachoma and conjunctivitis who got the active drug. Both objective and subjective improvements were observed with the herbal eye drop preparation.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1997

Topical piroxicam and conjunctivitis.

The study of comparison of the clinical responses of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis to antibiotic eye drops alone and combined with topical piroxicam was analyzed. Seventy-five patients (146 eyes) with viral conjunctivitis were randomly assigned to receive topical antibiotic (35 cases) or antibiotic combined with piroxicam eye drops (40 cases). The patients were examined under slit lamp biomicroscope every other day for the first week, then twice a week until recovery. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in mean age, sex, bilaterality, history of contact, systemic involvement, mean incubation period, mean onset and mean follow-up time. Mean recovery time in the piroxicam group (4.9 days) was less than for the control group (P = 0.003). Foreign body sensation, pain and tearing in the piroxicam group recovered significantly faster than in the control group. Complete recovery of all symptoms and signs in piroxicam treated eyes (61%) was significantly more common than with antibiotic only (29%) in spite of more drug induced burning. Piroxicam eye drops may have beneficial effects for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis to relieve discomfort, pain, and accelerate recovery.

Administration, Topical↗