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PubMed1973

Color vision.

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Animals↗
PubMed1976

Color vision.

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Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Congenital color vision disorders in persons with mental disorders].

Colour vision was studied in 3000 mental patients (2000 males and 1000 females) with different diseases by means of polychromatic tables and a spectral anomaloscope AH-59. It was established that the frequency of genetically determined pathology of colour vision in patients (9,3% in males and 08,% in females) is similar to the pathology found in the general population and does not depend upon the clinical diagnosis. At the same time there was a large amount of patients with acquired disorders to colour perception (30% of the general pathology of colour vision).

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1997

Mapping of cortical areas involved in color vision in non-human primates.

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rhesus monkeys performing visual discrimination tasks. In comparison with both position and brightness discrimination tasks, the color discrimination task activated the posterior inferior temporal cortex and a ventromedial occipital region, which is located along the anterior one-third of the calcarine sulcus. In contrast, the position task activated the middle temporal area and intraparietal cortex as compared with the color task. These results confirm the segregation of visual pathways and delineate the visual areas involved in color vision. This approach might bridge the gap between invasive studies in animals and functional imaging studies in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Color vision and image intensities: when are changes material?

The difficulty in understanding a biological system or its components without some idea of its goals has been emphasized by Marr. In this paper, a preliminary goal for color vision is proposed and analyzed. That goal is to determine where changes of material occur in a scene (using only spectral information). The goal is challenging because the effects of many processes (shadowing, shading from surface orientation changes, highlights, variations in pigment density) are confounded with the effects of material changes in the available image intensities. We show there is a minimal and unique condition, the spectral crosspoint that rejects instances of these confounding processes. (If plots are made of image intensity versus wavelength from two image regions, and the plots intersect, we say that there is a spectral crosspoint.) An operator is designed to detect crosspoints; it turns out to resemble double-opponent cells described in primate visual cortex.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1995

Molecular basis for tetrachromatic color vision.

Determination of the primary structures of six kinds of vertebrate visual pigments enabled us to classify them into four groups of cone-type pigments. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that an ancestor of vertebrate visual pigments evolved into four kinds of cone-type pigments, from one of which rhodopsins diverged. Tetrachromatic color vision of chicken is discussed on the basis of both the absorption spectra of purified cone pigments and the filtering effect of colored oil-droplets.

Amino Acid Sequence↗