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PubMed2000

Antioxidative activities of aroma extracts isolated from natural plants.

Natural leaves and flowers containing numerous aroma chemicals are widely used in aromatherapy since ancient times. In addition to their pleasant smells, aroma chemicals might have some beneficial health effects. Aroma extracts, isolated from coffee beans, soybeans, and mung beans by steam distillation under mild conditions (55 degrees C and 85 mm Hg) were examined for their antioxidative activities. The inhibitory effect of these extracts toward hexanal/hexanoic acid conversion was measured in the testing solution over prolonged time periods. The inhibitory effects of these extracts toward malonaldehyde formation from lipids oxidized by Fenton's reagent were also measured. The antioxidative activity of these extracts, in particular coffee bean extract, was consistent with that of BHT or alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Soybeans and mung beans extract contained maltol, which inhibits hexanal oxidation significantly. Eugenol, which is one of the major constituents of mung bean extract, exhibited potent antioxidative activity in an aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Antioxidants such as eugenol and maltol may play an important role in the pharmaceutical activities of natural plant extracts used for aromatherapy.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1993

Enantioselective and nonenantioselective degradation of organic pollutants in the marine ecosystem.

Enantiomeric ratios of 11 chiral environmental pollutants determined in different compartments of the marine ecosystem by chiral capillary gas chromatography and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography allow discrimination between the following processes: enantioselective decomposition of both enantiomers with different velocities by marine microorganisms (alpha-HCH, beta-PCCH, gamma-PCCH); enantioselective decomposition of one enantiomer only by marine microorganisms (DCPP); enantioselective decomposition by enzymatic processes in marine biota (alpha-HCH, beta-PCCH, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, octachlordane MC4, octachlordane MC5, octachlordane MC7, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide); enantioselective active transport through the "blood-brain barrier" (alpha-HCH); nonenantioselective photochemical degradation (alpha-HCH, beta-PCCH).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Allelic polymorphism of T-cell receptor constant domains is widespread in fishes.

T-cell receptor chains contain membrane-proximal constant domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily that are relatively invariant in mammalian species. In contrast, recent studies in the bicolor damselfish have demonstrated surprising allelic polymorphism in the TCR alpha ( A) and TCR beta ( B) "constant" (C) domain genes. This report extends these initial observations beyond Perciformes to two other orders of teleost fishes. Studies in both the Atlantic cod and zebrafish show high levels of polymorphism in the TCRA constant genes. Levels of 13% and 15% amino acid nonidentity were found within cod and zebrafish, respectively. Evolutionary analysis of codon usage suggests that positive selection maintains the high number of TCRAC alleles in these fish populations. Additionally, investigation of a TCRB constant gene from the Beau Gregory, a sister species of the bicolor damselfish, shows no evidence of transpecies maintenance of constant region alleles. These data argue that the T-cell receptor constant domain is being employed by many vertebrates in a manner inconsistent with our current understanding, and may indicate unheralded complexity in signal transduction through the TCR/CD3 complex.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

The anti-oxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa).

The turmeric anti-oxidant protein (TAP) had been isolated from the aqueous extract of turmeric. The anti-oxidant principle was found to be a heat stable protein. Trypsin treatment abolished the anti-oxidant activity. The anti-oxidant principle had an absorbance maximum at 280 nm. After gel filtration, the protein showed a 2-fold increase in anti-oxidant activity and showed 2 bands in the SDS-PAGE with approximate molecular weight range of 24,000 Da. The protein showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the promoter induced lipid peroxidation. A 50% inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation was observed at a protein concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Ca(2+)-ATPase of rat brain homogenate was protected to nearly 50% of the initial activity from the lipid peroxidant induced inactivation by this protein. This protection of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was found to be associated with the prevention of loss of -SH groups.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Suitability of tandem-in-time mass spectrometry for polybrominated diphenylether measurement in fish and shellfish samples: comparison with high resolution mass spectrometry.

The first part of the present study focused on the development of an alternative automated sample preparation method for the measurement of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish and shellfish. A previously developed automated method has been further optimized and simplified to decrease blank levels and cost. Sorbent and solvent quantities have been significantly reduced without altering extract quality. The second part of the study consisted of comparing tandem-in-time quadrupole ion storage mass spectrometry (QISTMS/MS) to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the isotope dilution (ID) measurement step after gas chromatography (GC) separation. Both mass spectrometric methods performed similarly in terms of accuracy but better precision was observed for HRMS. Although better sensitivity can be attained with the high resolution sector instrument, method limits of quantification (mLOQs) were very similar for both approaches as they were dependent on the procedural blanks levels. The mLOQ values ranged between 0.04 and 3.56 ng/g fat, depending on the congener. They allowed the unambiguous identification and quantification of all target analytes, except for BDE-183, in most considered fish extracts. An analytical procedure based on rapid automated sample preparation and QISTMS/MS appeared to be suitable for the measurement of PBDEs in fish and shellfish speciment under quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) criteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids related to social status and lifestyle.

OBJECTIVES: Little information is available about the intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids in random samples of populations. We examined if the intake of these fatty acids was associated with gender, social status and lifestyle in a similar way as other indicators for a healthy diet in a nationwide survey. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Data were obtained from self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaires filled in by a representative sample of Norwegian men and women, aged 16-79 y. 3144 (63%) of the invited subjects responded with acceptable questionnaires. RESULTS: Daily intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was on average 0.9 g/d and 0.4% of total energy was derived from these fatty acids. Energy derived from very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was slightly higher among men than women, and two-fold higher among subjects aged 60-79 vs 16-29 y. White collar workers had higher intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids than blue collar workers. Men and women in the highest quartile of intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids had 2-3 E% higher fat intake (mostly mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids), as compared to individuals in the lowest quartile. They also had 3-4 fold higher daily intake of retinol and vitamin D, as well as 20-50% higher intake of fruits and vegetables, dietary fibre and vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was correlated to indicators for healthy dietary habits. However, contrary to many other indicators of a healthy diet, energy derived from very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was not significantly associated with female gender or non-smoking.

Adolescent↗