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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Two dimensional electrophoresis method for additional characterization of paraproteins in serum. Clinical application of two dimensional electrophoresis, I.

High resolution two dimensional electrophoresis, one of the most potent methods for the analytical separation of proteins, is still used only in specialized laboratories. The present paper describes a two dimensional electrophoresis method, which permits characterization of abnormal serum proteins (paraproteins) and is suitable for application in a clinical laboratory. Both steps of the electrophoresis are performed by the "flat bed technique". The critical transfer from the isoelectric focusing step to the gel of the second dimension is facilitated by use of specially prepared foil stencils. The practicality of the procedure was considerably increased by using commercially available materials such as gels for isoelectric focusing and the silver stain kit. The analysis can be calibrated by measurement of the pH gradient and by using molecular weight protein standards. Moreover, two different samples can be analysed simultaneously in the same gels of the first and the second dimension. This permits a direct comparison of the sample of interest with the sample of reference. Serum samples showing an abnormal band ("M gradient") in routine methods such as agarose gel electrophoresis, were analysed by the described method. Some "M gradients" consisted of single abnormal proteins. Another sample showed a "M gradient" composed of a number of abnormal protein spots in our method. Questions concerning pathobiological and clinical evaluation of the findings justify further studies using this method.

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel↗
PubMed1992

Clinical application of 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH and pressure monitoring.

Recently, 24-h recording of intraesophageal pH and pressure signals in ambulatory subjects has become possible. Several research applications of the technique have emerged, but until now only a few clinical applications have been established, the most important of which is noncardiac chest pain. In the computer analysis of the signals, the patient with noncardiac chest pain is used as his or her own control; motility and pH profiles during pain are compared with asymptomatic base-line values obtained from the same patient. Automated analysis by means of a computer avoids observer bias and saves time. By means of 24-h monitoring, motor abnormalities have been identified as the cause of the chest pain in 4.5% to 18% and reflux in 4.5% to 25% of the patients studied. In addition, patients were identified who have both dysmotility- and reflux-related pain episodes. The yield of 24-h monitoring is highest in patients who have frequent pain episodes. A high yield of 24-h monitoring was found in patients with noncardiac chest pain admitted to a coronary care unit. Seventy-six per cent of these patients were found to have either reflux- of dysmotility-related chest pain. Patients with proven coronary artery disease who do not respond well to adequate treatment frequently have gastroesophageal reflux (39%) or esophageal motor abnormalities (50%) as the cause of their ongoing pain attacks. In these patients, identification of the esophageal cause of the symptoms not only helps the physician to select the optimal treatment but also reduces the patient's need for medical care.

Chest Pain↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical application of PET and PET/CT in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer].

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality. The combined PET and CT scan provides more accurate detection of tumors and their relationship with normal tissues by providing the functional and anatomic information simultaneously. Relevant researches have been focused on the application of combined PET/CT in the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, which includes: providing valuable information in the staging of head and neck cancer before radiotherapy; localizing a primary tumor in patients with unknown metastases in cervical lymph nodes; predicting the response of tumors to radiotherapy; providing biological target volume to radiation treatment planning, especially in intensity-modulated radiotherapy; and monitoring the residual and recurrent diseases after radiotherapy. However, its application in many aspects is still controversy, and further researches in its clinical application are still needed.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[What should be expected of oto-acoustic emissions? A critical analysis of clinical applications of oto-acoustic emissions].

The aim of this article is to carry out a critical analysis of the clinical applications of acoustic oto-emissions based on analysis of more than 1,000 adult and pediatric audiometric records. The principal technical and clinical properties of acoustic oto-emissions are described. The clinical value would seem to be very limited in adult audiology, whereas this examination would appear to be a reliable and non invasive method for screening in children at risk of cochlear deafness. In this respect, the investigation is principally limited by middle ear pathology and involvement of the central auditory pathways.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2004

[Validity and clinical applicability of the Japanese version of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--assessment questionnaire 40 (ALSAQ-40)].

We studied validity and clinical applicability of the Japanese version of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) assessment questionnaire 40 (ALSAQ-40). The original version contains forty questions measuring five areas (domains) of health status: Physical Mobility, ADL/Independence, Eating and Drinking, Communication and Emotional Functioning. Data were obtained from 39 ALS patients and from their physicians at 15 centers in Japan. Patients completed the ALSAQ-40 and the SF-36, and provided information on their age and their status of ventilator use. Their physicians provided information on the date of diagnosis, type of disease and clinical characteristics, and ALSFRS-R. The patients' average age was 58.5 years, and 64% were men. The mean duration since diagnosis was 39.1 months. Forty four percent were classical ALS patients and 46% were receiving a respiratory intervention. Although there was much heterogeneity, the scores for Physical Mobility and ADL/Independence were higher(indicating worse health status)than the scores for the other domains. Item-scale correlations were strong, except for the item "felt embarrassed in social situations" in the Emotional Functioning domain. All the domains had very high internal consistency: Cronbach's alphas ranged 0.95 to 0.97. With regard to the cluster structure of the forty items, the Eating and Drinking domain and the Communication clustered together. The reason might be that the former consisted of only three items and both domains measure bulbar symptoms. Domain scores correlated significantly with scores of related dimensions in the SF-36 and ALSFRS-R, and did not correlate strongly with unrelated domains. The five items of the ALSAQ-5 correlated with all five domain scores on the ALSAQ-40. These results should be interpreted with caution because we analyzed together data from ALS patients with various characteristics. In conclusion, although we may need to add and remove some items and modify the wording of others, the Japanese version of the ALSAQ-40 had high validity and is likely to be useful in evaluating of QOL in ALS patients. Whether the ALSAQ-5 can be used in place of the ALSAQ-40 is a matter for further study.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Efficient cryopreservation of dendritic cells transfected with cDNA of a tumour antigen for clinical application.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and are currently being investigated in clinical applications as cancer vaccines. An efficient cryopreservation method would greatly contribute to their use in clinical trials. We have established a method for freezing of DCs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the plasma expander Gelifundol. This enabled us to reduce the concentration of the toxic DMSO to 5%. The method could be performed without the addition of fetal calf serum or any other serum. After freezing, the viability of the DCs was 90%. The cells exhibited all the phenotypic characteristics (CD11c+, HLA-DR+, CD80+, CD83+, CD86+) of DCs, as tested by flow cytometry. Cells transfected with cDNA for the tumour antigen mucin expressed this protein on their surfaces in the same manner as before freezing. The stimulating capacity of a mixed lymphocyte culture was also preserved. These findings offer an efficient method for the cryopreservation of DCs for use in clinical trials.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2001

Preparation and clinical application of 2% diflunisal oral ointment for painful lesions of the oral mucosa.

We previously reported the development and clinical efficacy of a 2% aspirin oral ointment and 2% ethenzamide oral ointment as hospital preparations for painful lesions of the oral mucosa. This study investigated methods of preparing a more stable oral ointment with a more effective analgesic action, using diflunisal, another salicylic acid derivative, with an analgesic effect stronger than that of aspirin. A two-percent diflunisal oral ointment was prepared similarly to the aspirin ointment using plastibase and CMC-Na as the ointment base. From the results of spreadability measurement, a CMC-Na content of 20% was considered appropriate. The stability of diflunisal in 2% diflunisal oral ointment stored at 5 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C, was determined using HPLC, and a high stability of diflunisal at room temperature for more than 100 days was confirmed. We also investigated its antinociceptive effect using the Randall-Selitto paw pressure test in rats, which showed that 2% diflunisal oral ointment was as effective as 2% aspirin oral ointment. On clinical application of 2% diflunisal oral ointment to 8 patients with painful oral mucous diseases, it was found to be significantly (p = 0.014) more effective than 2% aspirin oral ointment. The results of this study demonstrated that 2% diflunisal oral ointment is a clinically useful analgesic for painful oral lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The biomechanical effect and clinical application of a Ni-Ti shape memory expansion clamp.

STUDY DESIGN: The study involves three phases: a clinical study of 30 patients, a biomechanical study to assess the expansion force of a recovering-shape memory expansion clamp, and a biomechanical study using cadaveric specimens to assess the pullout strength of the shape memory expansion clamp as a function of the shape of the clamp. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical effect and clinical application of the shape memory expansion clamp. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The major complication of anterior cervical decompression and fusion was graft dislodgement and pseudarthrosis. Improvement of the shape of bone graft and fusion technique could not eliminate the problem completely. The authors designed the shape memory expansion clamp by using the characteristic of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy and first applied it in an anterior cervical operation. METHODS: The expansion force of recovering of the shape memory expansion clamp was measured in a biomechanical study. Eight fresh human cadaver cervical spine specimens were used to assess the pullout strength of the shape memory expansion clamp as a function of the shape of the clamp. The shape memory expansion clamp had been used to fix rotated circular grafts in 30 cases with cervical spine injuries or cervical spondylosis after anterior decompression. RESULTS: The expansion force of the shape memory expansion clamp in recovery was 4.65-27.96 N, and the pullout strength was 8.82-20.58 N. Bone fusion was achieved in all 30 cases. Dislocation of bone graft, loosening of clamp, or kyphotic deformity had not occurred. CONCLUSION: The expansion force and the pullout strength of the partially recovered shape memory expansion clamp were determined biomechanically. The clinical study demonstrated that the shape memory expansion clamp is safe and effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical application and evaluation of the detection of five drugs resistance genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of the detection of the drug resistant genes rPOB, katG, rPSL, PncA and embB in M. tuberculosis by using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. METHODS: Gene mutations and anti-tuberculous drug susceptibility test were analyzed in 109 M. tuberculosis isolates by PCR-SSCP and the proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, respectively. The therapeutic effect was evaluated in patients with tuberculosis. RESULTS: Isolates from more than 50% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were resistant to at least two drugs. The total rates of drug resistance to rifampin (RFP), isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (SM), pyrizinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EB) were 80.7%, 71.5%, 78.8%, 57.7%, and 48.6%, respectively. The gene mutation rates of rpoB, katG, rpsL, pncA and embB were 76%, 68%, 71%, 51% and 30%, respectively. The gene mutations were correlated with the degree of drug-resistance to M. tuberculosis. Most of the gene mutations were found in drug-resistant isolates in high concentrations. The six month cure rates of MDR-TB, confirmed by drug susceptibility test and by PCR-SSCP, were 54.8% and 62.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PCR-SSCP is a sensitive and specific method for rapid detection of rpoB, katG, rpsL, pncA and embB gene mutations in M. tuberculosis. Drug resistant gene detection may be clinically useful in the therapy of tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Thecaloscopy part III: first clinical application.

PURPOSE: We have already dealt with the technical and anatomical basics for thecaloscopy. The first results of clinical application are presented and the indications for its diagnostic and therapeutic use are described. The aetiology of aseptic arachnitis and the term "Wide spinal canal syndrome" are discussed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients who fulfilled the criteria for entry to the study were selected and the criteria were chosen according to German medical and legal rules. All patients underwent an endoscopic inspection and, if necessary, therapeutic manipulation under general anaesthesia. RESULTS: In all cases the procedure was safely and successfully performed. The pathomorphology of the arachnoid was detected and endoscopically treated in almost all cases. Arachnoid cysts were successfully fenestrated and an intraspinal meningocoele treated with endoscopic assistance. CONCLUSION: Thecaloscopy is a safe procedure if skilfully performed. It provides an opening for a wide range of new diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical application of rapid quantitative determination of cardiac troponin-T in an emergency department setting.

OBJECTIVES: We analysed the clinical use of Troponin-T compared to creatine kinase MB in a non-trauma emergency department setting. BACKGROUND: A newly established single specimen quantitative Troponin T assay allows the clinical application of this parameter. METHODS. Five-hundred Troponin T tests were provided for use by emergency physicians who could combine them with the routine laboratory tests without restriction as to the indication or number of tests per patient. The number of tests per patient, time frame, final diagnosis and additional clinical information gained were recorded. All patients were followed for at least 6 months to verify the diagnosis and to assess the occurrence of cardiac events (nonfatal AMI or cardiac death). The ability of Troponin T and creatine kinase MB tests to predict cardiac events within 6 months were compared. RESULTS: The 500 Troponin T tests were used in 249 patients (median two tests per patient (range 1-5)) within 41 days. The final diagnosis revealed coronary heart disease in 85, non-coronary heart disease in 39, non-cardiac chest pain in 86 and other diagnoses in 39 of the patients. In 14 patients with an elevated creatine kinase MB, myocardial damage could safely be ruled out by a negative Troponin T, in six patients with a normal creatine kinase MB minor myocardial damage could be detected by a positive Troponin T. During follow up 28 cardiac events were recorded. Troponin T had a significantly higher specificity, positive predictive value and proportion of correct prediction for cardiac events within 6 months compared to creatine kinase MB. CONCLUSIONS: Troponin T has proved to be an useful method for diagnosing myocardial damage in routine clinical use in the non-trauma emergency department.

Austria↗
PubMed1998

Development of a two-dimensional imaging system for clinical applications of intravenous coronary angiography using intense synchrotron radiation produced by a multipole wiggler.

A two-dimensional clinical intravenous coronary angiography system, comprising a large-size view area produced by asymmetrical reflection from a silicon crystal using intense synchrotron radiation from a multipole wiggler and a two-dimensional detector with an image intensifier, has been completed. An advantage of the imaging system is that two-dimensional dynamic imaging of the cardiovascular system can be achieved due to its two-dimensional radiation field. This world-first two-dimensional system has been successfully adapted to clinical applications. Details of the imaging system are described in this paper.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical application of Sonolith 2000 on Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for renal and ureteral calculi].

The collaborate studies of clinical application of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) using Sonolith 2000, performed at Departments of Urology of Nara Medical University, the University of Tokai School of Medicine and Wakayama Medical College between March and August 1987, were reported. In total 155 ESWL sessions were carried out on 111 patients suffering from in total 119 upper urinary tract stones. The localization system using ultrasound imaging with a computer assisted multiarticulated arm were evaluated as excellent or effective in 117 cases (98.3%). The stone fragmentations were evaluated as excellent (less than or equal to 3 mm) or effective (less than or equal to 5 mm) in 101 cases (84.9%). On the X-ray film obtained six weeks after the final ESWL treatments, 61 cases (51.3%) were free from stone fragments, 20 cases (16.8%) had sand-like fragments and 18 cases (15.1%) had stone fragments less than 5 mm. 99 cases (83.2%) without stone or with stone fragments less than 5 mm were considered to be with satisfactory results. No serious adverse effect was observed, but petchia on the flanks where shock wave penetrated and mild hematuria were observed in all cases. It is concluded that ESWL treatment using Sonolith 2000 is applicable in the managements of patients with the upper urinary tract stones without serious adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Clinical application of radioimmunoimaging with 99mTc-BDI-1 in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of radioimmunoimaging (RII) with 99mTc-BDI-1 in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS: 32 patients with bladder cancer and 5 with normal bladder were studied. RII was performed 1 hour after intravesical administration of 111-222 MBq 99mTc-BDI-1 followed by washing out and perfusing bladder with 50 ml PBS. The radioactivity ratio of target over background (CT/CB) was calculated. RESULTS: The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-BDI-1 was greater than 95%. RII showed radioactive accumulation area for most of bladder cancers but no radio-active concentration for normal bladder. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 81.8% respectively with the assignment of the positive criterion of CT/CB > or = 1.40. There was no statistical difference in sensitivity between tumors with diameters > or = 1 cm (1.0-4.2 cm) and < 1 cm (0.2-0.8 cm). CT/CB was related to the pathological grade (G1-G3) of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: RII by intravesical administration provides a new noninvasive method for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in morphology and in nature of tumor with high sensitivity and specificity. It may be used for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer, follow-up after surgery, and diagnosis of in situ tumor.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical application of FDG-PET for cancer diagnosis].

Positron emission tomography using 18F-FDG is accepted in clinical medicine as an imaging tool for the diagnosis and assessment of a large variety of cancers. Medicare reimbursement for these studies has been accepted in Japan since 2002. The number of requests for FDG-PET examinations has been increasing in institutions where a PET device is installed. PET is considered to be especially effective in re-staging and detecting recurrence of disease. In order to evaluate PET images properly, it is important to be familiar with the various physiological uptake patterns of FDG, and also to be alert to the possibility of false-positive and false-negative findings. Quantitative values obtained in PET images are widely used for the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors and for monitoring treatment; however, it should be kept in mind that these values may be influenced by many factors. To complement the poorer spatial resolution of PET, a combined PET/CT scanner has been created and its clinical application has begun. It is expected that this imaging tool will be useful and have a great effect on patient management.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical application of flow cytometric analysis to predict results of radiation therapy].

This includes review of recent papers about clinical application of flow cytometry referred to sensitivity and effectiveness of radiation therapy and also our study to develop the new method to detect the DNA damage by irradiation. In view point of nucleoid damage with radiation therapy, FCM showed usefulness in using forward scatter histogram. The nucleoid induced to measure DNA damage here was originally developed by Cook et al, and thereafter, by Milner who first applied FCM to detect the damage. The nucleoids from HeLa cell and U 138 cell line were prepared following their methods. Control nucleoids showed a dose-dependent reduction in the ethidium bromide fluorescence. On the other hand, nucleoids obtained after irradiation showed a restricted reduction of it. The nadir of the fluorescence reduction seems to be a dose-dependent in radiation dose. This results indicate that FCM would be a useful tool for a rapid analysis of nuclear damage in near future. Other indicators, such as DNA index, DNA histogram, were discussed from the recent papers.

DNA Damage↗
PubMed1985

Clinical applications of scanning electron microscopy in gastrointestinal diseases.

We considered the role of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in clinical investigation of different gastrointestinal diseases. The following clinical applications of SEM may be suggested on the basis of our original data and those reported in literature: in peptic ulcer: assessment of the completeness of healing, by observing the mucosal surface architecture of the scars; identification of mucosal changes, namely enterocytic surface membrane alterations, predictive of recurrence; in coeliac disease: early assessment of the response to gluten-free diet and follow-up of the patients by staging the process of mucosal repair in cerebriform, intermediate and villous patterns; in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis: enhancement of the diagnostic sensitivity of perendoscopic biopsy, by detecting differences in surface structure of mucosa surrounding ulcers in both diseases. This is subverted in ulcerative colitis and preserved in Crohn's colitis. Finally the complementary role of SEM in relation to endoscopy and light microscopy is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Clinical applications of the camptothecins.

The camptothecin topoisomerase I-targeting agents are new class of antitumor drugs with demonstrated clinical activity in human malignancies, such as colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. Currently, irinotecan and topotecan are the most widely used camptothecin analogs in clinical use and clinical trials are ongoing to better characterize their spectra of clinical activity, to determine their optimal schedules of administration and to define their use in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Newer camptothecin analogs in clinical development, such as 9-aminocamptothecin, 9-nitrocamptothecin, GI147211 and DX-8951f, are also being studied to determine if they have improved toxicity and efficacy profiles compared with existing analogs. Other potential clinical applications include the use of camptothecin derivatives as radiation sensitizers or as antiviral agents. The successful development of the camptothecins as antitumor agents highlights the importance of topoisomerase I as a target for cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗