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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed2002

Mary, a 4-year-old with oppositional defiant disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the treatment course of a 4-year-old girl with oppositional defiant disorder, which developed in the context of her father's deployment to Bosnia. METHOD: A case report of the interventions made with this patient and her clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The patient's behavior improved substantially with regular therapy sessions and with a designated playtime with her mother. CONCLUSIONS: One possible cause of oppositional defiant disorder is a parent-child attachment deficit. In this case, the child's parents are both active duty service members and her father was deployed overseas. Young children have difficulty verbalizing feelings of loss and may respond behaviorally by exerting control over their immediate environment. Some children may respond to unstructured play sessions in which they are able to express feelings and gain some control in their interactions with adults.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
PubMed2005

[Mental representation, psychic structure, and behaviour problems in preschool children].

Mental health problems in terms of deviant behaviour and emotional problems are assumed in context with mental representations and indicators of internal psychic structure. In distinction to adults there is little empirical research concerning this matter. On the basis of Childrens' Play Narratives (MacArthur Story Stem Battery) we collected data about content-themes, structural indicators and process criteria of 73 preschool children and implicated these information with behaviour ratings of parents and kindergarden teachers. Many correlations were found particularly with structural indicators, process criteria and behaviour ratings. The results are discussed both with respect to content and methodical aspects.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2003

A preliminary meta-analysis of the child behavior checklist in pediatric bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: A possible explanation for the ongoing controversy surrounding pediatric bipolar disorder is that differences in assessment methodologies lead to conflicting results. One way to address methodological differences in assessment across studies is to use a single standardized assessment of psychopathology to calibrate the findings reported in different studies. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis of several studies that have employed the Child Behavior Checklist in the assessment of children with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for all publications that utilized the Child Behavior Checklist in addition to structured diagnostic interviews to assess pediatric bipolar disorder. Random effects models were used to calculate combined estimates of Child Behavior Checklist clinical subscales. RESULTS: Children with bipolar disorder had scaled scores of >70 in the Aggression, Attention Problems, and Anxious/Depressed subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist. The Child Behavior Checklist was useful in distinguishing bipolar from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subjects. CONCLUSIONS: While there was a significant heterogeneity in estimates between studies, a consistent pattern of elevations in inattention/hyperactivity, depression/anxiety, and aggression was identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Antisocial symptoms in preadolescent boys and in their parents: associations with cortisol.

Conduct disorder (CD) symptom counts in preadolescent boys, and antisocial personality disorder (ASP) and childhood conduct disorder symptom counts in their parents, were used as dimensional measures of behavioral deviation. A significant correlation was found for CD and ASP symptom counts between the two parents and between CD symptom counts of the children and parental CD and ASP symptom counts. Although socioeconomic level correlated negatively with parental symptom counts, no association was observed between parental socioeconomic status and children's CD symptom counts. Saliva cortisol level in the children was negatively associated with their CD symptom count and with their fathers' ASP count. Cortisol level was also lower among sons whose fathers had CD as children and subsequently developed ASP compared with the cortisol level in sons whose fathers either did not have any Axis I psychiatric disorder or did not develop ASP.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Sustained attention, visual processing speed, and IQ in children and adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorder and Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified.

To investigate the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders and Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, 22 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients and day-hospital patients at a state psychiatric hospital with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders, 30 with Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and 130 with other psychiatric disorders, ages 8 to 17 years, were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III for psychological assessment at admission. The Performance IQs of the ADHD and the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder groups were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified groups, and the Full Scale IQs of the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum group and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified group. The Coding scores of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum, the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and the Bipolar Disorder groups. There was a significant negative correlation between age and Digit Span for the Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Targeted treatments for symptom domains in child and adolescent autism.

CONTEXT: The number of people with autism spectrum disorders has dramatically increased over the past decade, and problem behaviours in autism are an increasing challenge to families, schools, physicians, and other health-care professionals. Pharmacological treatments can effectively target problem behaviours associated with autism. STARTING POINT: Recently, L Namerow and colleagues (J Dev Behav Pediatr 2003; 24: 104-08) presented preliminary data in children and adolescents with autism treated with citalopram, which suggested that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are useful in the reduction of symptom domains such as repetitive behaviours and mood disorders. J McCracken and colleagues (N Engl J Med 2000; 347: 314-21) showed that the atypical antipsychotic risperidone reduced serious behavioural problems, such as tantrums, aggression, or self-injury in children with autism and in children with below-average intelligence quotients. These and other studies show how developments in study design, selection of patients, and outcome measures have allowed treatment trials in autism to progress beyond anecdotal reports and case observations, and show reduction in the severity of specific symptom domains within these disorders. WHERE NEXT? In therapeutic intervention the risk of treatment toxicity must be balanced against the benefits of improved symptom severity. The newer methods enable informed decisions about which patients will benefit from which treatments. Other symptom domains within autism and effects on development need to be evaluated in adequately designed clinical trials. Future strategies include extending treatment to children as young as the preschool years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children.

Previous research has shown that anxious adults provide more threat interpretations of ambiguous stimuli than other clinic and nonclinic persons. We were interested in investigating if the same bias occurs in anxious children and how family processes impact on these children's interpretations of ambiguity. Anxious, oppositional, and nonclinical children and their parents were asked separately to interpret and provide plans of action to ambiguous scenarios. Afterwards, each family was asked to discuss two of these situations as a family and for the child to provide a final response. The results showed that anxious and oppositional children were both more likely to interpret ambiguous scenarios in a threatening manner. However, the two clinic groups differed in that the anxious children predominantly chose avoidant solutions whereas the oppositional children chose aggressive solutions. After family discussions, both the anxious children's avoidant plans of action and the oppositional children's aggressive plans increased. Thus, this study provides the first evidence of family enhancement of avoidant and aggressive responses in children. These results support a model of anxiety that emphasizes the development of an anxious cognitive style in the context of anxiety-supporting family processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Documentation of change in problem behaviors among anxious and hostile-aggressive children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program.

A relatively simple, straightforward procedure is utilized to identify and document changes in problem behaviors among children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program. Results of two outcome measures indicated a significant overall reduction in problem behaviors for the total group. When subgroups of anxious and hostile/aggressive children were considered, however, there was a significantly greater probability that anxious children would benefit more from the program than hostile/aggressive children. The need to consider subgroups of patients when documented treatment effectiveness is emphasized, and the advantage of building documentation techniques into the record-keeping system is discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1995

Identification of behaviour profiles with a population of autistic children using multivariate statistical methods.

The Revised Behaviour Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R) was developed for the objective evaluation of autistic behaviours in order to facilitate the recording of the evolution of developmentally disabled children. Among its 29 items, 13 items that precisely describe the degree of autistic behaviours were extracted by Principal Component Analysis. We hypothesised that these relevant behaviours could differentiate autistic behaviour profiles in a population of children previously diagnosed as typically autistic. For this purpose, we used an original multivariate descriptive statistical approach, Correspondence Analysis, which can help in detecting structural relationships among variables. In a population of autistic children initially diagnosed using DSM-III-R criteria, this procedure proved effective in identifying new main dimensions of behaviours among the 13 previously defined core autistic symptoms. Cluster analysis, which followed factorial analysis, allowed the identification of three meaningful behaviour profiles separated principally on the basis of two main functions, perception and imitation, which have been always considered to be fundamentally involved in autistic syndrome. The individualisation of homogeneous subgroups of children on the basis of the behavioural evaluation provides a potentially useful starting point for further biological and therapeutic studies.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Primary prevention of conduct disorder.

Conduct disorders represent one of the most troubling and persistent childhood psychiatric disorders. This serious condition has a poor long-term prognosis and entails a wide range of negative consequences over the life span. No single intervention strategy has been identified that successfully alters its negative course. This article reviews developmental findings and previous intervention efforts and provides a rationale for approaching the problem of Conduct Disorder through primary preventive intervention. A comprehensive, family-based prevention model and specific clinical strategies for intervention are described. A case example is used to illustrate the integration of program components.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗