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PubMed1989

National and regional population trends in the USSR, 1979-89: preliminary results from the 1989 census.

"This article investigates national, macroregional, and economic regional population trends in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period based on preliminary results from the 1989 census. The national total population growth rate during 1979-89 was roughly similar to that of 1970-79. However, the urban growth and urbanization processes slowed, while the rate of rural population change increased due chiefly to reduced rural-urban migration. Regional variations in rates of total, urban, and rural population change generally resembled those of 1970-79. Central Asia continued to exhibit the most rapid overall growth, although Siberia experienced a resurgence."

Demography↗
PubMed1989

[Fertility, employment, and migration. Differential fertility according to migration experience using census data].

Differential fertility in Italy by occupation is analyzed using census data. The author uses the own-children method to develop retrospective estimates of period fertility for women in 1976 and 1981. The occupational status categories used are "employed in the same sector, employed in a different sector, no longer employed, new employed, never employed. A strong relation appears between work status changes and fertility trends: the women who recently obtained a new job touch the lowest level of fertility, while those who left their job reach the highest level." The impact of migration and nuptiality is also considered. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Population density and development potential in rural Zimbabwe: an assessment based on the 1969 and 1982 censuses.

"Based on 1969 and 1982 census data, this paper examines the spatial association between high rural population density and development potential in Zimbabwe and its significance for national development policy. A 1982 grid cell density map was compiled on the same geographical frame as an existing 1969 density map, yielding an intercensal density change map. A land classification map and a composite map of development constraints were rasterized on the same spatial framework and subjected to computer analysis. Areas of critically high (and generally increasing) densities showed strong spatial associations with areas of severe development constraints...."

Africa↗
PubMed1993

Spouse selection among the children of European immigrants: a comparison of marriage cohorts in the 1960 census.

"This article uses 1960 [U.S.] census data to describe patterns of spouse selection among the native-born children of European immigrants. The analysis builds on previous studies of ethnic intermarriage, but is new in that it focuses specifically on the second generation. In addition, it considers intermarriage as a multidimensional phenomenon and evaluates how the relative importance of national and educational boundaries in marriage choice has changed. Comparisons of synthetic marriage cohorts suggest that second generation European Americans marry increasingly into the native stock, they marry increasingly out of their national origin group, and the national boundaries that separate them have become weaker over time. At the same time, it is found that educational homogamy has increased across cohorts." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1994

Today's second generation: evidence from the 1990 U.S. census.

"The prospects for today's second generation will be considerably shaped by their current social, economic and demographic status. This article provides a statistical portrait of children of immigrants by analyzing data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing. With the second generation defined as children under age 18 with at least one foreign-born parent, the study describes place of residence; household demographic, social and economic circumstances; household head's socioeconomic status; and characteristics of children themselves. Data on second-generation children are broken down by year of immigration of parents and child's nativity. Data for children with native-born parents are provided for comparison."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Increasing diversity in religious identification in Australia: comparing 1947, 1991 and 1996 census reports.

"A comparison of [Australia's] 1996 census data on religion with that of 1991 reveals a number of trends: the proportion of Australians reporting that they have ¿no religion' continues to grow; mainstream Christianity, apart from the Catholics, continues to decline as a proportion of the population; and many small religious groups are flourishing. As well as 4.8 million Catholics, 500,000 Orthodox and 201,000 Muslims, Australia has 12,000 Sikhs, 3,000 Taoists, 8,000 Spiritualists and 2,000 Satanists."

Australia↗
PubMed1988

[Fertility and migration: an analysis of women included in the 1981 census in the province of Milan].

The relationship between fertility and migration patterns in the Italian province of Milan is analyzed. "The own-children method is used to obtain retrospective fertility measurements by the linkage of the young children enumerated in the census to their mothers, classified by different mobility characteristics (such as place of birth, present and previous place of residence)." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1990

Using census and survey data to measure undocumented immigration and emigration for the United States.

The estimation of emigration and undocumented immigration rates for the United States is discussed. "A residual methodology compares census or survey data on the resident foreign-born population with an independently derived estimate of the legally resident foreign-born population. The difference is the estimated undocumented population which may be compared for alternative dates to derive measures of change. In 1988, this difference was 1.9 million, similar to the 1980 estimate of 2.1 million.... Measurement of emigration...has recently relied on resident reports of immediate relatives who have emigrated. Controlling for multiple reporting of the same emigrants, the direct estimate of the emigrant population from the United States is about 1.2 million. Allowing for undercoverage of the emigrant population due to nonresident relatives, there could be 2.0 million or more emigrants."

Americas↗
PubMed1999

Marriages and fertility among Turkish and Moroccan women in Belgium: results from census data.

The patterns of family formation and fertility behavior of Turkish and Moroccan women in Belgium are changing rapidly. The census data (1991) indicate a fertility decline. The reasons are changes in the nuptiality patterns, contraceptive behavior, and migratory flows. The changes are not identical in both communities. Young cohorts postpone their marriage, but this is most prominent among Moroccan women. On the other hand, young Turkish women have a clear preference for smaller families. The changes also differentiate according to migrant "generation" and level of education. The changes are not restricted to Belgium but are also observed in the countries of origin.

Behavior↗
PubMed1992

Census adjustment and the distribution of federal spending.

In 1989, programs that use population counts to determine the distribution of their funds transferred $236 per capita to state and local governments. If the 1990 census were adjusted to reflect undercounting, about 40% of state and local governments would receive increased grants averaging $56 per miscounted person; other jurisdictions would lose an almost equal amount of grant money. The surprisingly small reallocations arise because 1) total funds allocated by population are essentially fixed; 2) allocations depend on other factors in addition to population; and 3) programs vary as to whether they allocate funds in direct or inverse proportion to population.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1992

Age at menarche and associated nutritional status variables in Karimui and Daribi census divisions of Simbu Province.

Age at menarche was estimated from data on 310 girls and young women living in Karimui and Daribi census divisions of Simbu Province in 1987. The area has high malnutrition rates among children under five years of age and short adult female stature suggesting that onset of menses should be late. However, other work has shown young ages at the birth of first children and high overall fertility rates among women. The prediction of age at menarche from adult female height is not valid for this population; the actual age at which 50% of girls had commenced menstruating is approximately one and a half years earlier, at 15.8 years, than the predicted age. The nutritional status variables investigated and found to be associated with the age at menarche are height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness. At any given age girls whose nutritional status was better, particularly in terms of weight, were more likely to have commenced menstruation. Menarche appears to be followed closely by onset of reproductive function, with the age at the birth of first children estimated at 17.2 years. A consequence of early entry into reproduction, particularly for girls in areas where undernutrition is common, is a period of considerable nutritional stress during adolescence. Intervention programs should consider this and target these groups for additional health, family planning and nutritional advice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Who cares? Geographic variation in unpaid caregiving in England and Wales: evidence from the 2001 census.

This article investigates the prevalence of unpaid caregiving by local authority district in England and Wales, using data from a new question on caregiving in the 2001 Census. We also examine geographic variation in the characteristics of unpaid care providers including health status, socio-economic status and ethnicity. Results show clear geographic variations in caregiving. The proportion of adults providing more than 20 hours of care per week ranged from less than 2 per cent to nearly 8 per cent. The highest proportions of caregivers were found in areas with higher than average levels of deprivation and long-term illness. Carers in such areas were themselves more likely to be in poor health. There are also clear variations in caregiving propensity by ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Census of the Italian Nephrology and Dialysis Units. Comparison between Lombardy and Piedmont].

The Italian Society of Nephrology promoted a national survey to obtain detailed information from all the Renal and/or Dialysis Units through an on-line questionnaire concerning structural, technological and human resources, as well as organisation characteristics and activities. The purpose of this initiative was to obtain regional reference benchmarks for each Nephrology Unit. In this paper we compare two northwestern Italian Regions: Lombardy and Piedmont. As far as epidemiology is concerned, the prevalence of dialysis patients is quite similar in the two Regions: for haemodialysis 616 pmp (patients per million population) in Lombardy and 595 in Piedmont, for peritoneal dialysis 104 pmp vs. 114 pmp, while the incidence of dialysis patients is 169 vs. 166 pmp. The gross mortality for dialysis patients is 12.4% vs. 13.7% and 0.9% vs. 2.0% in transplanted patients. The distribution of vascular access is also quite similar in the two Regions: prevalent arteriovenous fistula 83% vs. 74%, central venous catheter 11% vs. 18%, vascular grafts 7% vs. 8%. Structural resources: the hospital beds (49 pmp in the two Regions) and the dialysis places (161 vs. 166 pmp) do not differ between the two Regions. Personnel resources: physicians 37 pmp in Lombardy and 44 pmp in Piedmont, renal nurses 167 pmp vs. 186, respectively. Activity: hospital admission 1722 pmp vs. 1507 pmp, renal biopsies 131 pmp vs. 109 pmp. Although the two regions examined are numerically different, both have a high standard of quality, making Italy a model of nephrology organisation. This initiative to take a census of the Italian Nephrology and Dialysis Units provides an interesting tool to describe the present status of the operational structures, to identify precise benchmarking values, at both the regional and national level, and to act as a prelude for further rationalization and growth of the nephrology network in Italy.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Census 2004 of the Italian Renal and Dialysis Units. Emilia-Romagna, Toscana].

The 2004 SIN census of the Italian nephrology and dialysis centres showed many interesting data about the epidemiology and the organization in the Regions of Emilia-Romagna (ER) and Tuscany (T). A) Epidemiology: incidence of dialysis patients 169 pmp (patients per million population) in ER, 147 ppm in T; prevalence of dialysis patients 639 pmp and 665 pmp, respectively; prevalence of transplanted patients 325 ppm in ER and 233 pmp in T; gross mortality of dialysis patients 16.3% and 13.4%, respectively; B) Type of vascular access in prevalently dialysis patients: arteriovenous fistula 83% and 78%; central venous catheter 13% and 12%; vascular graft 5% and 9%. C) Structural resources: nephrology beds 44 mp (per million population) and 50 mp; dialysis places 157 and 146 mp. D) Personnel resources : renal physicians 29 and 41 mp; renal nurses 171 and 202 mp ; each renal physician cares for 22 and 16 dialysis patients, and each renal nurse takes care of 3.7 and 3.3 dialysis patients. E) Activity: hospital admissions 1572, 1769 pmp; renal biopsies 115 and 166 pmp.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[IMSS in Numbers: the Census of Diabetic Patients, 2004].

The census of diabetic patients at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social describes the state and level of control of biologic markers, such as glucose, BMI and blood pressure of all diabetic patients attending the family medicine units during 2004. The main results show that 2,334,340 diabetic patients visited the health units of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social with an average of 3.7 visits per year. Around 75% of the patients had their weight and height registered; 73%, their blood pressure, and only 28.8%, their glycemia level. One third of the patients (35.7%) had an unspecified diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and 91.3% had no complications reported. Of those with glycemia reported, 56.9% had a poor blood glucose control. Half of the diabetic patients were also diagnosed as hypertensive though 74% had good blood pressure control. The BMI reported that 40.4% were obese and 39.6% were overweight. All these data are important to measure the impact of different health interventions that point to a better control of diabetes at the IMSS.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

[Occupational-demographic analysis of employment of the population of USSR, RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR according to the general census].

Aging of the manpower resources is still continuing in this country as a whole and in individual republics, the average age approaching 40 years thus stepping on the verge of the older age group. The aging people are being 'pushed away' from most professions and occupations. Judging from the results of the recent general census of the population, in the USSR the portion of the 'pushed away' manpower has amounted to 80.7%. The growing discrepancy between the aging manpower resources and the modern industry demands are expressed in terms of increased morbidity and mortality among the productive age-groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Estimate of the population at risk between 2 census records for the calculation of incidence level or mortality of cancer: comparison of 4 methods].

The estimation of incidence (or mortality) rates for a given disease in a defined population needs precise knowledge of the population at risk of contracting the disease (or dying) during the study period. This article proposes and compares four methods for estimating population by age between two census surveys. The three methods which consist in aging the generations give results which are extremely close for age specific and standardized rates; on the contrary, the methods which do not take into account the generations at birth are inadequate due to the lack of births during the two world wars.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A three-year census of dependent elderly.

One attempt to limit the rising health care cost for the expanding elderly population has been to control institutional utilization through community care programs. Evaluative research in this field has focussed on comparing community programs to institutionalization, rather than a simpler and more relevant examination of prevailing patterns of care. This latter approach is important for several reasons: it allows one to examine the effects of new programs; to predict future service needs; to evaluate effectiveness and appropriateness of current patterns of care; and it provides the basis for a co-ordinated approach to planning and policy. For the past three years, all institutions and community agencies in Calgary that provide care to the elderly have co-operated in an annual census to determine the location and services received by each person over 65. Study findings suggest directions for future policy and planning, and raise questions for future research.

Activities of Daily Living↗