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[Imidazoles in larval cestode infections].
The authors report the evaluation of therapeutic efficiency of imidazole derivatives (flubendazole and mebendazole) against human larval cestoda. 31 patients were treated: 28 had hydatid cysts, 2 had alveolar echinococcosis, and 1 had cerebral cysticercosis. Results after several months follow-up (up to 6 years) show an arrest in development of lesions and absence of development of new cyst after leakage of hydatid fluid. Although interpretation of such results is difficult, imidazole derivatives seem efficient in high dosages (100 mg/kg), given over 1 or 2 years, without side effects.
Trends in research on cestode infections. A symposium held at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 22-23 November 1983.
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[Diagnostic and therapeutic synthesis of digestive nematode infections and cestode infections].
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Studies on the effect of the cestode Cotugnia polyacantha Fuhrman (1909) on Columba oenas.
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[3 cases of an unusual cestode infection in French Polynesia].
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[Tetraphyllidean cestodes from sharks of the genus Mustelus in the Peruvian coast].
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[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 2. The treatment of liver trematode infections (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis) and schistosomiasis].
The authors did not detect any differences in the efficacies and tolerance of praziquantel analogs manufactured by various firms (azinox, Russia; pikitor, China; cesol, cisticide, biltricide, Bayer, Merk, Germany, India). These drugs were found highly effective in opisthorchiasis (87.8%) and schistosomiasis (91.7%) and ineffective in fascioliasis. The efficacy and tolerance of azinox, a drug manufactured in this country, was similar to those of its foreign analogs.
[The protein level in Bothriocephalus acheilognathi cestodes and their hosts, carp fingerlings, in experimental feeding and starving of the fish].
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[The effect of lower cestodes (Pseudophyllidea) on the vital activity of 2-year-old grass carp].
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[The variability of the cestode perch parasite Proteocephalus percae in its host's geographic range].
Qualitative heterogeneity and its quantitative expression in geographically distant populations of Proteocephalus percae were studied. A wide spectrum of the possible values of the characters within which the expression of features is determined by environmental conditions, was detected.
[Taenia sp and other intestinal cestode infections in individuals from public outpatient clinics and hospitals from the northern section of Santiago, Chile (1985-1994)].
During 1985-1994 period, 70,642 parasitological stool examinations were performed. The exam was made to each patient which presenting gastrointestinal symptoms or nutritional problems, specially in children. 59,960 out of the 70,642 examinations corresponded to 1 month--15 years old children, 4,280 to 16-30 years old individuals and 6.402 to up to 30 years old adults. The infection rates (x 100,000) were: Taenia sp., 86; Hymenolepis nana, 1,165; Diphyllobotrium sp., 4 and Hymenolepis diminuta, 1. In this period, 11 cases of infection by Taenia saginata were detected, and none Taenia sodium infection. Although infections rates by intestinal cesdodes were higher in males than females, in the Taenia sp. infection the difference was not statistical significative. Médico-veterinary control of animals slaughtered in abbatoirs and the improvement of sanitary conditions in the last two decades have contributed to the control of most of human intestinal cestodiases.
Cestode infection in children.
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[General scope of treatment with praziquantel (Embay 8440) in human cestode infections (author's transl)].
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Poecilancistrium caryophyllum and other trypanophynch cestode plerocercoids from the musculature of Cynoscion nebulosus and other sciaenid fishes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Examination of over 3,000 fish, all sciaenids, has shown that plerocercoids of Poecilancistrium caryophyllum infect Cynoscion nebulosus, Bairdiella chrysura, Sciaenops ocellata, C. arenarius, Micropogonias undulatus, and Pogonias cromis in Mississippi Sound. In addition to P. caryophyllum, a pseudophyllidean-like trypanorhynch also infected C. nebulosus and M. undulatus. Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha selectively infected large P. cromis, Pterobothrium heteracanthum infected M. undulatus, and Pterobothrium lintoni infected Menticirrhus americanus. Prevalence and intensity of infections of P. caryophyllum in C. nebulosus from Mississippi, roughly 40% of the fish each possessing an average of about two worms, compare with infections observed in fish from Texas and Louisiana. However, values for fish from Apalachee Bay, but not Tampa Bay, Florida, are about twice as high. Extensive seasonal sampling in Mississippi Sound indicates fluctuations but no clear-cut seasonal trends other than a possible relationship between infections and salinity. As C. nebulosus increases in length, the prevalence of infections, but not the intensity, increases. This finding suggests an immune response to challenge infections. No fish less than 140 mm SL and relatively few less than 250 mm SL revealed infections, suggesting either the unavailability of the intermediate host to young fish or the ultimate death of most young infected individuals. Based on condition coefficients and liver-weight analysis, no apparent detrimental effect on infected, moderately-heavy adult fish occurred. Infections primarily involve the middle of a fillet or the region adjacent to the vertebral column below the dorsal fins and cause an esthetically displeasing product and consequently depress economically the trout fishery. Relatively more male than female fish harbored worms, but the significance of that finding is questioned.
[Inhibition of the phagocytic and chemotaxic activity of leukocytes by larvae of several species of cestode and nematode].
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Hymenolepis diminuta: two morphologically distinct tegumental secretory mechanisms are present in the cestode.
The free-surface of the tapeworm's tegument was examined for morphological evidence of secretion after fixation by rapid freezing-freeze substitution and alternatively by immersion in low concentrations of glutaraldehyde maintained at room temperature. After low-aldehyde fixation, omega profiles were at the bases of tegumental microvilli, arguing for the participation of some of the ectocytoplasm's vesicles in secretion of their contents to the intestinal lumen. The almost instantaneous fixation provided by the rapid freezing-freeze substitution technique documents the constitutive production of 0.03 to 0.075-micron microvesicles from outpocketings from the plasma membrane of the tegumental brush border. Observed in secretory epithelial cells of other species, microvesicles are recognized as a secretory pathway for constituent molecules of surface membranes. We conclude that in addition to the primary route of merocrine exocytotic secretion provided by the fusion of the Golgi-derived, ectocytoplasmic vesicles at the bases of the brush border microvilli, tegumental microvesicles provide a second secretory pathway for endogenous macromolecules across the tegumental free surface.
Fluorescent vital labeling to track cestodes in a copepod intermediate host.
In experimental studies of host-parasite interactions, it is often important to track parasites in their hosts and to discriminate between individual parasites. We used the fluorescent tracer dyes 7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC) and, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) for vital labeling of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) coracidia larvae. Labeling was fast and easy to perform and enabled microscopic detection of parasites appearing as procercoids in the hemocoel of the copepod intermediate host at 3 h after exposure. The label was still visible after 14 days. Extensive controls showed that CMAC (20 microM) labeling did not harm tapeworms or copepods. CMFDA (2 microM) reduced host survival, but the dye concentration can be decreased to avoid this in future studies. The new labeling method presented here has been very useful to track S. solidus parasites. It can be valuable for other parasites also and may be particularly suitable for visualization of individual live macroparasites in invertebrate hosts, for which we are not aware of any other appropriate method.