Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CALLOSITIES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Supplementary motor area of the monkey's cerebral cortex: short- and long-term deficits after unilateral ablation and the effects of subsequent callosal section.

The short-term and long-term behavioral effects of unilateral lesions of the supplementary motor area (SMA) were studied in five monkeys (Macaca fascicularis ssp). A monkey with a unilateral lesion of the premotor area (PM) served as a control. In all animals, general behavior was unaffected by the lesions. For a few weeks postoperatively, all monkeys showed a clumsiness of forelimb movements, bilaterally, which involved both the distal and proximal muscles. Two SMA-lesioned monkeys (but not the PM-lesioned one), studied for up to 1 year postoperatively, showed a characteristic deficit of bimanual coordination where the two hands tended to behave in a similar manner instead of sharing the task between them. This deficit was more pronounced after a lesion contralateral to the nonpreferred hand. The deficit was interpreted as indicating that the intact SMA now influenced the motor outflow of both the ipsilateral hemisphere and the contralateral one through the corpus callosum. Callosal section immediately abolished the bimanual deficit, although the clumsiness returned transiently. The results imply that SMA may give rise normally to discharges informing the contralateral hemisphere of intended and/or ongoing movements via the corpus callosum. This may prevent duplication of responses during unimanual tasks and help to coordinate the behavior of both hands during a bimanual task.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Absence of signs of deconnection in four cases of partial anterior and median callosal lesions of vascular and neurosurgical origin (author's transl)].

Three cases of partial anterior and median callosal vascular lesions and one surgical case are presented. Some months later a neuropsychological examination did not show any signs of deconnection. Two interpretations are equally plausible: either the limited extension of the lesions as well as their location explain the absence of signs of deconnection, or these signs had existed but were regressive.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Variability in right hemisphere language function after callosal section: evidence for a continuum of generative capacity.

Two recent patients in our behavioral series investigating the psychological effects of callosal section exhibit right hemisphere language. Using lateralized visual and auditory stimulation, semantic, phonetic, and expressive linguistic functions were examined. While the right hemisphere language systems in both patients were shown to be capable of semantic information processing, they differed in their abilities to process phonetic information, follow verbal commands, and produce linguistic responses. It is argued that the differences between left and right hemisphere language systems are quantitative and are best characterized along a continuum of generative capacity. It is the variability in such capacity that appears to be responsible for the variability in right hemisphere language function within the split-brain population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Callosal infarction after bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries with hemineglect syndrome and astasia-abasia].

We report a patient who had a callosal infarct, showed by Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, without injury to the adjacent hemispheres. Angiography revealed an occlusion of both internal carotid arteries. Besides interhemispheric disconnection with unilateral left agraphia, left tactile anomia, left ideomotor apraxia and left ear auditivoverbal extinction, the patient showed signs of left hemineglect and astasia-abasia, both persistent.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Paw preference in mice with callosal defects induced by prenatal gamma irradiation.

The development of the corpus callosum of male Swiss mice was perturbed by exposure to gamma radiation at embryonic day 16 with total doses of 2 Gy (N = 48) or 3 Gy (N = 26). At adulthood paw preference was studied in these callosal defective animals and in 93 control nonirradiated male Swiss mice. The analysis of directional laterality indicated a populational tendency for right paw use in the 2 Gy group (60%) that was markedly increased in the 3 Gy group (95%). In the 3 Gy group, directional laterality was significantly different from chance in contrast to that observed in normal controls (49%). In the three groups most mice presented a significant individual paw preference. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that the early absence of the corpus callosum disrupts the normal pattern of directional asymmetries.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1993

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thoracic wall in the area of a tuberculous pleural callosity].

The authors report on a patient of 85 years of age in whom a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thoracic wall had formed 51 years after a healed pulmonary tuberculosis that had resulted in the development of a pleural callosity. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma is interpreted as a neoplastic transformation of cells of the primary repair process. Age assumes the role of a predisposing factor.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sclerosis with bilateral continuous cystic lesions along lateral ventricles and caudate-callosal angles (Wetterwinkel).

We report a 53-year-old female autopsy case of multiple sclerosis with bilateral continuous cystic lesions along the lateral ventricles and caudate-callosal angles (Wetterwinkel). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these peculiar huge cystic lesions can be explained by the appearance of necrotic tissue during the recurrent relapsing stages of the disease, and then, by the absorption and scavenging of activated microglias. Poor astrocytic gliosis, which might be an effect of frequent use of corticosteroids during the clinical course makes the cavities bigger.

Caudate Nucleus↗
PubMed1996

Septo-optic dysplasia (de Morsier's syndrome) associated with total callosal absence. A new type of the anomaly.

It is currently believed that there are two subsets of septo-optic dysplasia (de Morsier's syndrome), one with schizencephaly and the other without schizencephaly. Also, some authors consider septo-optic dysplasia as a mild form of holo-prosencephaly. This article describes a third form of the anomaly which is associated with total callosal absence. Two patients similar to this one have previously been reported. None of these three patients had interhemispheric fusion in any form, excluding holoprosencephaly. They had normal facies. All of them presented with seizures, and no hormonal abnormality was found. This new clinicoradiological type of the anomaly is suggested to be labelled as calloso-septo-optic or calloso-optic dysplasia.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1997

Surgical treatment of anterior callosal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Thirteen patients with neoplasm of anterior corpus callosum have undergone our observation during the last two years. METHODS: For the diagnosis, all the patients underwent TC, NMR and stereotactic biopsy. In 6 cases with glioblastomas, a radiation treatment was adopted. The other 7 patients underwent total surgical treatment in 5 cases, and partial in 2 cases, as documented by postoperative contrast-enhanced CT scanning. Histologically, there were: 3 glioblastomas, 1 grade III astrocytoma, 1 neuroblastoma (PNET), 2 pilocytic astrocytomas. RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests carried out on the 5 patients still living showed persistent disturbances of verbal memory in all five and disturbances of verbal phonological fluency in 3 cases. No patient presented apraxia, dysgraphia and dyslexia. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, no severe neuropsychological deficits developed after surgical treatment of anterior callosal tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hereditary callosities with blisters. Report of a family and review.

A family with calluses of the soles associated with blistering is described. Electron microscopic study of a bulla showed an intraepidermal blister with cytolysis of keratinocytes and clumping of tonofilaments. Review of the literature and our own experience with keratoderma palmaris et plantaris revealed no similar patients with this combination of findings. The appearance of the soles is similar to pachyonychia congenita, but the lack of nail and mucous membrane changes is not consistent with that disorder. Treatment with isotretinoin caused reduction in the size of the calluses but exacerbated the blistering.

Adult↗