Pulmonary function in Bagasse worker's lung disease.
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Body Piercing”
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[Safe extraction of an impacted open safety pin from the esophagus: a new technique and five case studies].
Esophageal foreign bodies are common, especially in children less than 5 years old. However, the presence of an open safety pin in the esophagus is quite rare. When this occurs, immediate removal of the safety pin is recommended due to its propensity to pierce the esophagus and surrounding structures causing severe and sometimes even lethal complications. Between the years 1990 and 2003, fifteen infants were referred to the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Rambam Health Care Campus with a history of safety pin ingestion. Plain neck, chest and abdomen radiographs showed the presence of an open safety pin impacted in the esophagus and pointing upwards in nine of the cases, and in the remainder (six infants) a closed pin was demonstrated in the stomach or in the duodenum. This report focuses on five cases in which during esophagoscopy only the clasp of the safety pin was visible, whereas the sharp point was impossible to be grasped, as it seemed to be stuck in the mucosa of the esophagus. In these cases the pin was pushed into the stomach, where it was closed, and then it was pulled outside without any harm to the mucosa or the gastric and esophageal walls. We present a new technique on how to safely close an open safety pin in the stomach and remove it, without any complications, using a flexible endoscope.
Child, Preschool↗
Acceleration of tissue repair by transforming growth factor beta 1: identification of in vivo mechanism of action with radiotherapy-induced specific healing deficits.
BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is an effective accelerator of soft tissue repair in both normal and impaired healing models; however, its in vivo mechanism of action remains unclear. Modern radiation techniques can create unique healing deficits, allowing for a more specific definition of tissue response to growth factor therapy. In the rat linear skin incision model, cobalt 60 photon beam total body irradiation (TBI), 800 rads, causes a marked depression of circulating monocytes and largely spares the skin tissue. Megavoltage electron beam surface irradiation (SI), 2500 rads, markedly impairs surface healing while sparing the bone marrow. With these models of selective healing deficits, the ability of TGF-beta 1 to accelerate tissue repair directly in the absence of circulating macrophage precursors (TBI) or in the presence of damaged dermal fibroblasts (SI) was evaluated. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups of TBI, SI, or nonirradiated sham controls and received radiation 2 days before wounding. Paired linear full-thickness skin incisions were created and a single dose of TGF-beta 1 (2 micrograms/wound) or vehicle control was applied to each wound. RESULTS: Both radiation techniques produced a marked healing deficit when assessed on postwounding days 7 and 12. TBI treatment was characterized by severe monocytopenia, confirmed by a tissue macrophage-specific immunohistochemical technique. On days 7 and 12 after wounding, TGF-beta 1 significantly accelerated soft tissue repair and wound-breaking strength in the TBI-treated rats, demonstrating an ability to directly promote the induction of collagen synthesis in the absence of monocytes/macrophages. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 was unable to reverse the SI-induced healing deficit characterized by impaired function of dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: These in vivo observations provide further evidence for a direct mechanism of action by TGF-beta 1 on collagen synthesis by wound fibroblasts during soft tissue repair.
Animals↗
[Cervical myelopathy caused by bilateral vertebral artery compression].
We report a rare case of myelopathy caused by compression of the upper cervical cord by the bilateral anomalous vertebral arteries. A 49-year-old man had dragged his right foot for 4 years. He also complained of a tingling sensation in his right arm and occipitalgia. Neurological examination disclosed right hemiparesis, hypalgesia in the right half of the body and hypertonicity of the lower extremities. MRIs showed a flow void area which compressed and distorted the spinal cord bilaterally at the level of the atlas. A vertebral angiogram showed that the bilateral vertebral arteries had pierced the dura matter under the posterior arch of the atlas, turned upward and laterally in the vertebral canal, making vascular loops at the level of the atlas. 3D CT angiography showed the loops convex medially in the anterior part of the vertebral canal. With these findings, we diagnosed the patient as suffering compression of the cervical cord by the bilateral anomalous vertebral arteries. Suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy were performed. When the dura mater was opened, the dorsolateral aspect of the spinal cord was found to be compressed and indented markedly by the vertebral arteries. To decompress the spinal cord, the vertebral arteries were retracted dorsolaterally by means of Gore-tex tape and anchored to the spinous process of the axis. Postoperatively, his neurological symptoms improved. Postoperative MRIs showed that the spinal cord was decompressed and had recovered its contour. A review of the literature revealed that only 3 such cases as this one have been reported. The clinical features of these rare cases are nonspecific myelopathy and concomitant occipitalgia or neck pain. The main cause of this rare entity seemed to be the compression of the vertebral artery through its course when it enters the vertebral canal between the atlas and the axis.
Humans↗
[Ultrastructure of the nuclear apparatus of the infusorian Loxodes magnus. I. The macronuclei, macronuclear anlagen and the interphasic micronuclei].
The nuclear apparatus of Loxodes magnus Stokes (Holotricha) consists of numerous macronuclei which belong to the diploid type and never divide, and of numerous micronuclei. No nuclear groups exist; individual nuclei often lie in cytoplasmic islets surrounded by large lacunae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Interphasic micronuclei have two-membraned envelopes with numerous pores, usually lined at the cytoplasmic side with a layer of vacuoles, channels, or flattened vesicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The chromatin of the micronuclei consists of anastomosing threads, 0.1--0.2 mum wide, between which several nucleolus-like bodies of microfibrillar structure occur. Adult macronuclei have a similar nuclear envelope and a similar system of vacuoles, channels, and flattened agranular cisternae outside it. The macronucleus contains a single large composite nucleolus with 3 or 4 fibrillar cores inside the common granular cortex. The fibrillar cores are pierced by channels containing nucleolar organizers in the form of strands of condensed chromatin. The peripheral zone of the macronucleus is filled with decondensed chromatin fibrils and contains a number of small chromocenters and several aggregates of RNP granules. No protein inclusions (spheres) have been observed in Loxodes macronuclei. The macronuclear anlagen, developing in the cycle of every cell division, show progressive decondensation of the chromosomes and formation of several nucleoli, each with its own organizer. Later on, the nucleoli fuse into a single nucleolus. The small chromocentres are the last to form.
Cell Division↗
A complication of tongue piercing. A case report and review of the literature.
Several complications of oral piercing have been reported, some of which are life threatening. A case report on tongue piercing is presented where the ventral surface of the tongue healed over the barbell requiring surgical exposure.
Adult↗
Disruptions of the anterior urethra.
Disruptions of the anterior urethra are caused by blunt trauma such as the straddle injury and also by penetrating trauma such as a gunshot or ice pick. Sometimes, self-inflicted or iatrogenic disruptions can be brought about by intraluminal manipulations. In those cases in which a urethroplasty is later required, one has to tailor the operation to fit the situation. As with reconstructive procedures elsewhere in the body, one has to have a bag full of tricks and use the proper procedure or combination of procedures in solving the problem.
Drainage↗
Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a female employee's power bases.
The authors extended a previous examination of the effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a male employee's power bases (H. Aguinis, M. M. Simonsen, & C. A. Pierce, 1998) by examining the effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a female employee's power bases. U.S. undergraduates read vignettes describing a female employee engaging in 3 types of nonverbal behavior (i.e., eye contact, facial expression, body posture) and rated their perceptions of the woman's power bases (i.e., reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, credibility). As predicted, (a) direct eye contact increased perceptions of coercive power, and (b) a relaxed facial expression decreased perceptions of all 6 power bases. Also as predicted, the present results differed markedly from those of Aguinis et al. (1998) regarding a male employee. The authors discuss implications for theory, future research, and the advancement of female employees.
Adolescent↗
Pulmonary resection in infants younger than one year of age.
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Age Factors↗
Kawasaki syndrome in Washington State. Race-specific incidence rates and residential proximity to water.
OBJECTIVES: To calculate race-specific incidence rates of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and to assess the association of KS with residential proximity to water in Washington State. DESIGN: Incidence study over 4 1/2 years, using cases identified with a new statewide hospital data set and a case-control study. SETTING: King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in Washington State. PATIENTS: One hundred twelve population-based incident cases meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for KS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Race-specific KS incidence rates and distance to permanent bodies of water among KS cases and matched controls. RESULTS: For the years 1985 through 1986 and 1987 through 1989, the annual KS incidence rates were 6.5 and 15.2 per 100,000 children younger than 5 years, respectively. Rates were highest among Asian Americans (33.3 per 100,000 children younger than 5 years in the 1987-1989 period), followed by blacks and whites (23.4 and 12.7 per 100,000 children younger than 5 years, respectively). The median distance to water did not differ between cases and controls and the proportion of cases living within 150 yd (135 m) of water was no greater than that of controls (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 20.9). CONCLUSIONS: With complete ascertainment of incident-hospitalized cases of KS, the race-specific rates are among the highest documented in the United States. The rate among Asian Americans was less than that found in Japan, perhaps due to differences in environmental exposures or variations in susceptibility among different Asian ethnic groups. Although we found no association with permanent bodies of water, future studies of KS should include home inspection to assess exposure to temporary collections of standing water.
Black or African American↗
Doping-control urinalysis of a ginseng extract, Cold-FX, in athletes.
Nutraceuticals may induce doping infractions through contamination of the product itself or their ingestion might be metabolized within the body to create a positive doping control test. We tested this possibility using a commercially available, proprietary ginseng root extract (Cold-FX, CV Technologies Inc., Edmonton, AB). After athletes ingested Cold-FX for 28 d at 400 mg/d, urine samples were collected and processed under strict IOC doping control guidelines and then analyzed for a full screen of IOC banned/restricted substances by an IOC-approved laboratory. There were no positive tests for any banned substances in any of the subjects. Our study demonstrates that ingestion of Cold-FX for 28 d at 400 mg/d does not represent a doping concern for athletes. Carefully controlled clinical studies like this one are necessary to provide the athlete, the nutraceutical industry and IOC regulatory bodies with information to avoid inadvertent exposure to banned/restricted or potentially unhealthy substances.
Adolescent↗
CT in the preoperative diagnosis of fish bone perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.
OBJECTIVE: Foreign body perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has diverse clinical manifestations, and the correct preoperative diagnosis is seldom made. We report our experience with the use of CT in the preoperative diagnosis of fish bone perforation of the GI tract in seven patients. To our knowledge, this series is the largest to date addressing the role of CT in the diagnosis of fish bone perforation. CONCLUSION: Clinical presentation and radiography are unreliable in the preoperative diagnosis of fish bone perforation of the GI tract. This limitation can be overcome with the use of CT, which is accurate in showing the offending fish bone. The accuracy of CT is limited by observer dependence. A high index of suspicion should always be maintained for the correct diagnosis to be made.
Adult↗
Free adductor perforator flap in lower leg reconstruction.
We report two cases using the free adductor perforator flap in the reconstruction of defects resulting from tumour ablations in the lower leg. One of the two flaps was nourished by a perforating artery, piercing the adductor magnus muscle and the descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery. The other was supplied merely by a perforating artery through the adductor magnus muscle. In both cases, the lesions were in the posterior side of the body on the lower leg, so we did not need to change the patient's position during the surgery. The surgery could be done in the same operating field. The donor site has minimal morbidity after the harvesting of the flap. The lengths of the perforating pedicles were 5cm. By including the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh in the flap, the flap could be used as a sensory flap. The disadvantage of this flap is that the vessels of the pedicle are relatively small, especially, in comitantes veins.
Aged↗
A neuropathy in goats caused by experimental coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) poisoning. V. Lesions in the central nervous system.
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Animals↗
[Localization of Cysticercus ovis in experimentally infected lambs].
An experimental infection was induced in lambs with 1000, 4000, 7000, and 30000 T. ovis eggs. It was found for the first time that Cysticercus ovis could be established not only in the already known regions of the body, but also in the skin and the subcutaneous connective tissue. The lesions were followed up in the skin on the 10th, 20th, 30th, and 45th day following infection. Later on the cysticerci localized in the skin caused its total piercing. The skin portions above the cysticerci, localized in the subcutaneous tissue, proved unsuitable to treatment and handling and remained defective. Hides that were obtained from animals infected with Cysticercus ovis were shown to be discarded in the leather and fur industries.
Animals↗
Labial piercing resulting in gingival recession. A case series.
Several complications of oral piercing have been recently reported in the medical and dental literature. Even though few people have had problems related to oral piercing, dentists should familiarise themselves with the potential associated oral and dental problems. We present three cases of young people with gingival recession in the mandibular incisor area related to labial piercing. The clinical examination and the dental history of the three cases revealed the relationship between the gingival recession and the presence of labial piercing. In particular, a stud in the lower lip was held in place by a metal disk on the inner labial mucosa in each case. The metal disk was in close proximity to the mandibular front teeth and it would appear that it was responsible for local trauma and recession. This case series reinforces previously reported concerns regarding the practice of piercing and the role of the dentist, both in advising patients with oral or facial piercing and in the treatment of related oral, gingival and dental problems.
Adult↗
Glucocorticoid effects on rabbit fetal lung maturation in vivo: an ultrastructural morphometric study.
Maternal administration of glucocorticoids is known to stimulate fetal lung maturation. In the present study, we used microscopy and stereology to evaluate the morphological effects of maternal glucocorticoid treatment on rabbit fetal lung tissue. Betamethasone was administered to pregnant rabbits on days 25 and 26 of gestation at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. The animals were sacrificed on day 27 of gestation. Glucocorticoid treatment significantly increased the presumptive airspace in the fetal lung tissue but did not alter the relative proportion of epithelium, connective tissue, or vasculature in the tissue. In addition, glucocorticoid treatment significantly increased the proportion of type II cells in the prealveolar epithelium, increased the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and increased the content of the major surfactant-associated protein, SP-A, in the fetal lung tissue. We could detect no effect of betamethasone on lamellar body cross-sectional area, numerical density, or volume density within fetal lung type II cells. Glucocorticoid treatment of the pregnant doe caused a decrease in the volume density of intracellular glycogen and an increase in the volume density of mitochondria in fetal lung type II cells. Betamethasone treatment did not alter the distance between fetal lung epithelial cells and subadjacent connective tissue cells. However, glucocorticoid treatment increased the number of connective tissue foot processes that pierced the epithelial basal lamina. Thus, glucocorticoid treatment of the pregnant doe results in structural changes in the fetal lung tissue, an acceleration of some aspects of type II cell differentiation, and a concomitant increase in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Animals↗
Growth rate, body composition, and meat tenderness in early vs. traditionally weaned beef calves.
One hundred forty spring-born Angus x Gelbvieh and purebred Angus steers were selected for study as early weaned (EW; average age at weaning = 90 +/- 30 d) or traditionally weaned (TW; average age at weaning = 174 +/- 37 d) steers that were non-implanted or implanted (Synovex-S, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS). Initially, steers were sorted by age, sire, and farm, and then allotted randomly in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments of EW implanted (EWI), EW nonimplanted (EWN), TW implanted (TWI), or TW nonimplanted (TWN). Ultrasound measurements (US) of LM area (LMA), 12th rib fat thickness (US-BF), and marbling (US-M) were collected every 28 d during the time that steers were on feed. At 202 d of age, EW calves had larger US-LMA, US-BF, and BW than TW calves (37.9 vs. 32.3 cm2, 0.38 vs. 0.26 cm, and 271.6 vs. 218.9 kg, respectively; P < 0.001). At slaughter, EW calves had heavier HCW (290.4 vs. 279.7 kg, respectively; P < 0.05) and greater USDA marbling scores (51.25 vs. 46.26, respectively; P < 0.05) than TW calves; more EW steers graded USDA Choice or greater (P = 0.05). However, no differences were detected in BW (P = 0.15), LMA (P = 0.39), BF (P = 0.45), or liver abscess scores (P = 0.41). Twenty-four implanted steers were selected from the original group of 140 and sorted into two slaughter groups of 12. Twelve implanted steers from each weaning group, matched in slaughter BW but differing in age, were subsampled at slaughter to assess the effect of weaning age and chronological age on muscle tenderness. Younger animals had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force values (P < 0.001) than older calves after 14 d of postmortem aging; however, no differences were found in tenderness after 21 d of aging. Furthermore, there was greater variance (P < 0.001) in Warner-Bratzler shear force values among younger, EW steers vs. older, TW steers. These data provide evidence that early weaning of beef calves may be used as a tool to more effectively manage the cow-calf production system without compromising the quality of the offspring.
Aging↗