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PubMed1988

Aging and the effect of increased after-load on left ventricular contractile state.

Hemodynamic and contractile states were studied echocardiographically in 10 young (28 +/- 3 yr) and 10 elderly (67 +/- 4 yr) male subjects at rest and during upright isometric exercise which involved the hands, hips, legs, and lower back muscle groups (deadlift) at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction for 3 min. During deadlift, both groups showed similar and significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate, compared to the resting values. Ejection fraction at rest did not differ significantly between the two groups. During deadlift, it remained unchanged in the elderly white ejection fraction increased significantly in the younger subjects. No significant changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume occurred in either group during deadlift. End-systolic volume remained unchanged in the elderly while it decreased significantly in the younger subjects. These data indicate that cardiovascular responses and contractile state in normal young men and normal exercise-trained elderly subjects were augmented during upright sub-maximal isometric deadlift exercise, utilizing large muscle mass. However, left ventricular contractility increased less in the elderly subjects compared to the younger subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

ADC measurement of abdominal organs and lesions using parallel imaging technique.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess the reliability and usefulness of parallel imaging for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement of abdominal organs and lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-shot spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI (TE = 66, b = 0, 600 s/mm2) was performed in phantom and clinical studies. The b value was set to minimize the effects of perfusion in tissue and to maintain signal-to-noise ratio. Bottle phantoms were scanned with and without parallel imaging and with various parallel imaging factors and at various positions to evaluate the effects of parallel imaging on ADCs. In 200 consecutive clinical patients (122 men and 78 women: mean age, 61.9 years), ADCs were calculated for liver (four segments), spleen, pancreas (head, body, tail), gallbladder, renal parenchyma, and back muscle, and then compared to evaluate the reliability of clinical ADC measurements with parallel imaging. ADCs were also calculated for diffuse diseases and focal lesions (94 malignant and 93 benign) of abdominal organs to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ADC. RESULTS: Location-dependent changes in water ADCs were minimal with parallel imaging factors first of 3, then of 4, and were small except for measurements at the image periphery. Acetone ADCs were saturated at 4.00 x 10(-3) mm2/s. Degraded image quality prevented ADC measurement of the left hepatic lobe and pancreas in 7-18 patients. There was no significant difference among ADCs of four liver segments (1.50 +/- 0.24 [SD] x 10(-3) mm2/s - 1.56 +/- 0.31 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and between ADCs of the right and left kidneys (2.65 +/- 0.30 x 10(-3) mm2/s, 2.59 +/- 0.33 x 10(-3) mm2/s). ADC of the pancreas tail (1.65 +/- 0.37 x 10(-3) mm2/s) was significantly lower than those of the head (1.81 +/- 0.40 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and body (1.81 +/- 0.41 x 10(-3) mm2/s) (p < 0.005). Renal ADCs were significantly lower in patients with renal failure (right: 2.15 +/- 0.30 x 10(-3) mm2/s; left: 2.11 +/- 0.25 x 10(-3) mm2/s) than in those without disease (right: 2.67 +/- 0.29 x 10(-3) mm2/s; left: 2.60 +/- 0.32 x 10(-3) mm2/s) (p < 0.005). ADC of pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy pancreas (p < 0.05). ADC of renal angiomyolipoma was significantly lower than those of renal cell carcinoma and healthy renal parenchyma (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Clinical ADC measurements of abdominal organs and lesions using parallel imaging appear to be reliable and useful, and the effect of parallel imaging on calculated values is considered to be minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interstitial emphysema associated with epidural anesthesia for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

Interstitial emphysema was noted on abdominal radiographs in 38 (15%) of the first 150 patients treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy at our hospital. All 38 patients had undergone successful or attempted epidural anesthesia for the lithotripsy. This finding was not seen in any patient who had not undergone epidural puncture. The emphysema is the result of the introduction of air into the paraspinal and back muscles or subcutaneous tissues during attempted or actual puncture of the epidural space. This air was apparent on abdominal radiographs taken after lumbar puncture in 38 (23%) of 167 patients who underwent attempted or actual puncture of the epidural space. The emphysema decreases over the ensuing days, is of no clinical significance, and bears no direct relationship to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. This finding should not be mistaken for emphysema caused by gas-producing or gas-containing retroperitoneal diseases.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed2005

Individual modulation of the tube current-seconds to achieve similar levels of image noise in contrast-enhanced abdominal CT.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the optimal region to measure CT image noise and to evaluate the usefulness of the individual modulation of the tube current-second (milliampere-seconds, or mAs) based on body size to obtain images with similar noise levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT images obtained by a 4-MDCT scanner were retrospectively analyzed. The image-acquisition factors were fixed (group A, n = 104). The image noise was measured at five regions: the aorta, the back muscle, the spleen, and the peripheral and the central hepatic portions. Body size was evaluated by two methods on the basis of body weight (method A) and on the scout image data (method B). Coefficients of determination of 10 relationships between body size and image noise were calculated. For the next study, CT images were prospectively obtained by modulating the mAs on the basis of body weight (group B, n = 100) and the scout image data (group C, n = 100). We compared the differences in SDs of aortic image noise in each group using the F test. RESULTS: The coefficients of determination of the aorta were 0.619 and 0.812 for methods A and B, respectively, and the highest values in both methods (p = (1/5)(2), Fisher's exact test). The SDs of the aortic image noise of groups A, B, and C were 2.03, 1.61, and 1.06, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between each group (p < 0.022), and the SD was the smallest in group C. CONCLUSION: The aorta was the optimal region to measure the image noise. Individual mAs modulation based on the scout image data was useful to obtain images of similar noise levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ergonomic evaluation of working posture of VDT operation using personal computer with flat panel display.

The aim of this study was to evaluate working conditions using a personal computer with a flat panel display (FPD) in terms of visual and musculoskeletal comfort. Measurements of viewing distance, viewing angle, head angle, neck angle and electromyogram (EMG) activities of the neck, shoulder and back muscles of visual display terminal (VDT) operators were compared at workstations using an FPD and a desktop personal computer (DPC). A notebook personal computer (NPC) with a 10.4 inches FPD, was used in this experiment. Each of 10 healthy subjects performed word processing tasks using both NPC and DPC workstations. Significant differences in the work posture while using the NPC and DPC were seen with viewing distance, viewing angle and head angle. The characteristic features of the work posture using the NPC were a remarkably short viewing distance and a forward inclination of the head. The value of integrated EMG (IEMG) of the neck muscle was greater while using the NPC than when using the DPC. These phenomena were caused by the structure of NPCs; most NPCs have a display and keyboard which cannot be separated and are not adjustable without tilt and swivel mechanisms. VDT devices that cannot be adjusted may potentially make operators assume a poor posture while working, which could cause visual and musculoskeletal disorders. To prevent visual and musculoskeletal problems using NPCs, a more upright head and neck position was recommended. The addition of a mechanism for adjustment of the height of an NPC display would allow a comfortable downward gaze without the loss of correct posture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Strength and setting behavior of resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

Diametral tensile strength (DTS), fracture strength, and Vickers microhardness were tested in three resin-modified glass ionomer cements (GICs), one chemically set GIC, and one dental composite. For the DTS studies test discs were immersed in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 10 min, 1 day, and 28 days, respectively. Cured discs were also implanted in back muscles of rats for 28 days before testing. The effects of light irradiation time and delayed curing on the DTS of the cements were also studied. Significantly higher strength was observed in the resin-modified GICs in comparison with the chemically set GIC at all observation period. K71 showed the highest strength among the GICs. No strength reductions were detected after 28 days for the specimens in vivo. An illumination time of 20 sec was enough to obtain final strength in the PFA and K71 specimens, and 40 sec was needed in the VI specimens. The strength of the resin-modified GICs when light-cured was significantly higher than when the same cements were allowed to set without irradiation. The microhardness of the light-cured GICs was similar to that of the dental composite. Considering the improved fracture strength and surface hardness, it was concluded that the resin-modified GICs present an interesting material for further development.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

In vitro vs in vivo corrosion analyses of two alloys.

The in vitro and in vivo corrosion characteristics of two alloys, cast Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM F75) and wrought Ni-Cr-Mo, were evaluated using electro-chemical corrosion analysis. Two in vitro electrolytic solutions were utilized, an isotonic saline solution consisting of 0.9 w/o NaCl in distilled water and an isotonic saline solution with 10 v/o sterile calf serum. The in vivo environment was created by implanting cylindrically shaped specimens of each alloy into the back muscles of New Zealand white rabbits. Cyclic anodic and cathodic polarization curves were generated for the three test conditions and subsequently were compared. Anodic curves conducted using the isotonic saline and isotonic saline plus serum electrolyte solutions were very similar to the anodic curves generated for the implanted alloy specimens for both alloys. The corrosion rates predicted from the in vitro and in vivo cathodic polarization curves were not statistically different for the three test conditions. Overall, the corrosion data generated using the in vitro environmental conditions adequately predicted the in vivo corrosion behavior of the cast Co-Cr-Mo and wrought Ni-Cr-Mo alloys.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The effect of electrical stimulation on the trunk control in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of electrical stimulation over the trunk in improving sitting balance in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy who displayed poor trunk control. The subjects ranged in age from 8 to 16 months and were randomly assigned to two groups. Both group had physical therapy for 6 weeks. Electrical stimulation (ES) group had additional electrical stimulation over the abdomen and posterior back muscles. Radiographic studies were carried out on the whole spine while they were sitting before and after treatment. Kyphotic angle, Cobb's angle and lumbo-sacral angle were measured. Additionally, sitting score-Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was also evaluated. There was no difference of these values at initial evaluation between the two groups. Following 6 weeks of intensive therapy, the changes of kyphotic angle and sitting score-GMFM were significantly higher in ES group statistically when compared with those of the control group. The Cobb's angle following treatment was improved in ES group, but not statistically compared with that of control group. This study suggests that electrical stimulation over the trunk become a beneficial therapeutic technique in improving the sitting posture and trunk control in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1995

Localization of actin and myosin in Cryptosporidium parvum using immunogold staining.

The location of actin and myosin of the several stages of Cryptosporidium parvum was observed. The tissue antigen of C. parvum was prepared through immunosuppression of ICR mice with Depomedrol. The thin sectioned specimens, which were incubated with the IgG fraction of the rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against chicken back muscle actin and bovine uterus myosin, were treated with 10 nm gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Electrodense particles were located mainly on the pellicles of all observed developmental stages of the parasites. The number of actin gold particles in the cytoplasm increased when the parasite was dividing actively as in case of meronts. Especially in macrogametocytes, a lot of actin and myosin particles were synthesized and storaged as amilopectin-like bodies. There were many actin gold particles along the microspikes of cytoplasmic membranes in various developmental stages. The actin and myosin observed in this study may play important roles to control the shape of the parasites and movements of cytoplasmic membranes as cytoskeletal proteins.

Actins↗
PubMed1999

Risk indicators of disability pension. A 15 year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk indicators for granting of disability pension (DP) during a period of 15 years. DESIGN: Follow-up study. The initial data were obtained from a health survey in a general population 1977/78. Variables were initially collected through questionnaires and objective measurements. Information about the end-point for the follow-up, granting of DP, was obtained from the Registry for Early Retirement Pension in 1992/93. Data analyses were performed by logistic regression and Cox analyses. SETTING: The Glostrup Population Studies, Glostrup University Hospital and The Danish Committee for the Assessment of Substandard Lives. POPULATION: General population of 892 persons, born in 1918, 1928, 1938, and 1948, and living in the municipality of Glostrup, Denmark. Eighty-four were granted DP during the 15 years follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety-six variables from the initial study were analysed, age and 18 variables were found to be risk indicators for DP. These were general health variables, including dyspnoea, colic, nervousness, previous hospitalizations and operations, self-reported poor general health the last year, and low general health risk-score by the doctor. Objective measurements included high Body Mass Index, low peak flow and isometric endurance of the back muscles. Among the occupational variables unemployment and sick leave were found to be risk indicators. In addition, low physical activity in leisure time, self-reported worse physical condition than those at the same age and smoking were also identified as risk indicators. CONCLUSION: The main indicators for granting of DP can be covered by the heading poor physical condition and general health.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Utilization of health screening studies and measures for health promotion].

Health-conscious behaviour of a population may be measured by the utilization rate in screening programs and health promotion measures. In the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998, 7124 respondents were asked for their individual participation. The utilization in free health check-ups (1997) was 26.7% for men and 24.5% for women. Health related medical advice was given to 70.9% of men and 67.8% of women in the wake of the check-up. Annual early cancer screening test were taken by 22.6% of men and 36.5% of women. Cancer-related medical advice was reported by 42.4% of men and 43% of women. 10.5% of all respondents participate in health promotion measures, women two times more often than men (13.8% vs. 7%). The ranking according to the type of measures is: 44% for back (muscle) training, followed by nutrition consultation (13%), weight reduction (10%) and anti-smoking, -drinking and -substance use measures (4%). The results show differences in utilization rates for early cancer diagnosis, health checkups and health promotion programmes according to age, region, social status and health insurance type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Tracheopulmonary-subcutaneous fistula associated with anaerobic subcutaneous abscess on mechanical ventilator support in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

A 29-year-old Japanese man with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was placed on a mechanical ventilator support at 23 years of age and admitted to our hospital at 25 years of age. He had severe neck contracture deviated to the left side which resulted in dysphagia and microaspiration. At 29 years of age, he developed left lobar pneumonia accompanied by slight fever, back pain and a foul odor from the patient's sputum. Although the patient received broad spectrum antibiotics, pneumonia disseminated to the right lung. A week later, chest computed tomography was conducted which revealed tracheopulmonary-subcutaneous fistula, and a massive subcutaneous abscess with free air production. Drainage from the subcutaneous abscess was done through a chest tube; however, respiratory hypercapnia was not corrected and the patient died. From the culture of drained fluid, anaerobic bacteria including peptostreptococcus sp. were detected. This tracheopulmonary-subcutaneous fistula was thought to be caused by chronic microaspiration of mouth anaerobes, mechanical injury of the trachea under long term ventilator support, and decreased deep back muscle bulk with substitution of adipose tissue around the chest.

Abscess↗
PubMed1999

[Bone tissue engineering seeded with bone marrow stromal cells].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of bone graft substitutes to support the growth of cells in vitro and new bone formation in vivo. METHODS: The methods of tissue engineering were employed, the bone marrow derived stromal cells were seeded onto blocks of hydroxypatite (HA), cultured for two weeks, and implanted intermuscularly into the rabbit back muscle, scanning electron microscopy and undecalcified bone tissue sections were used to evaluate the the growth of cells in vitro and new bone formation in vivo. RESULTS: The stromal cells were attached to and grew upon the surface of the periphery HA pores, especially in the pores adjacent to the bottom of culture flasks. No cell growth was found on the surface of the central pores. At four weeks after implantation, new bone formation was observed in most HA blocks, almost all of the new bones were lamellar bone and deposited directly on the surface of the HA pore. Active osteoblast and osteoid were found on the surface of the newly formed bone, invasion of bone marrow was observed in some newly formed bone. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells are potentially the source of seeded cells for use in bone tissue engineering, and the HA may be considered as a suitable scaffold for these cells. The findings may be useful for detailed researches on seeded cells, scaffold and implanting fashion of bone tissue engineering.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental study on osteoinduction of coral composited artificial bone].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the osteoinduction of coral and provide a perfect bone graft substitute for clinical bone defects. METHODS: By combining coral with collagen and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2), coral/collagen/rhBMP-2 composite was obtained. The composite was implanted into the back muscle pouches of mice, and coral/collagen or coral/rhBMP-2 were implanted as control. The osteoinduction of the composite was assessed by histology and image analysis system. RESULTS: The chondrocyte differentiation and matrix formation were observed in local sites after one week, lamellar bone with bone marrow were formed after 4 weeks, and coral were absorbed partially. The quantity of osteoinduction was time-related and rhBMP-2 dose-related(P < 0.01). Coral/collagen and coral/rhBMP-2 implants did not show any bone or cartilage formation. CONCLUSION: The coral/collagen/rhBMP-2 composite possesses a superior osteoinduction and will be a new type of bone substitute to be used in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Heat transfer by the blood in the venous vessels of the rabbit under different temperature conditions].

The blood temperature in the main venous vessels reflects the formation of the heat balance in the body. In the rabbit posterior vena cava, the temperature increased by 0.19 degrees C-0.26 degrees C after confluence of the kidney and liver veins and decreased by 0.20 degrees C after confluence of the lumbal veins collecting the venous blood from the back muscles and skin vessels. The venous blood temperature in the right auricle was equal to blood temperature in the abdominal artery. When the ambient temperature changed from 22 degrees C-24 degrees C to 35 degrees C-40 degrees C, the temperature in the posterior vena cava and abdominal artery decreased by 0.25 degrees C-0.35 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Bio-compatibility of different plastics (polyoxymethylene-copolymer, polyethylensterephthalate, polyethylene, polytetrafluorethylene) (author's transl)].

The bio-compatibility of different plastic materials were examined after their implantation in the back-muscle of 6-months-old male rabbits. Twelve weeks after the implantation chemical measurements (DNS-concentration of the tissue) and histological investigations of the surrounding tissue demonstrated for polyethylene the best bio-compatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Different distributions of selenoprotein W and thioredoxin during postnatal brain development and embryogenesis.

Whereas the levels of other selenoproteins in the brain decrease when selenium is deficient, the level of selenoprotein W (Se-W) is maintained, suggesting that it has a critical role in the brain. Previously, we reported that Se-W is a GSH-dependent antioxidant [Jeong et al. (2002)]. In this study, the expression of Se-W and thioredoxin (Trx) in the brain and during embrynic development was analyzed by an in situ hybridization technique. Se-W mRNA was highly expressed in the cortex, dentate gyrus, and hippocampus of postnatal rat brains, and in the spinal cord and brain of developing embryos. In contrast, Trx mRNA was highly expressed in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and dentate gyrus of postnatal rat brains, and in the liver, telencephalon, and back muscle of developing embryos. Thus these two antioxidant proteins have different and non-overlapping expression patterns. The distribution of Se-W suggests that it plays an important role as an antioxidant in the developing brain and embryo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗