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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

B-cell lymphoma of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT): CT features in 10 patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the CT findings of pathologically confirmed bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma in 10 patients. METHOD: The CT examinations of 10 patients with pathologically proven BALT lymphoma were reviewed retrospectively by two radiologists. Evaluated findings included number and distribution of lesions. We also assessed other CT findings such as presence of airspace consolidation, nodules, ground-glass attenuation, bubble-like radiolucencies, air bronchogram, bronchial dilatation, and lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Pulmonary lesions were revealed as airspace consolidation in six patients (60%) and nodule(s) in six (60%). Multiplicity of disease was seen in seven patients (70%) and bilateral lung lesions in six (60%). Areas of ground-glass attenuation were seen in seven patients (70%). Bubble-like radiolucencies were present in five patients (50%) and air bronchogram in nine (90%). Findings of bronchial dilatation and lymphadenopathy were seen in three patients (30%). CONCLUSION: BALT lymphomas usually appear as airspace consolidation or nodules with air bronchogram or adjacent ground-glass attenuation at CT. These findings are similar to previous descriptions of pseudolymphomas. Multiple bilateral lesions are common in BALT lymphoma. Bubble-like radiolucencies have not been described previously and can be an additional finding of BALT lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Melanoma metastatic to the bronchus: radiologic features in two patients.

Two patients with cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the bronchus are described. Chest radiographs revealed only indirect signs of bronchial obstruction. Computed tomography (CT) clearly demonstrated the intraluminal lesion. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signal characteristics were not specific for melanoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus.

Mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus is a truly benign bronchoid neoplasm which responds to simple surgical excision, sparing as much functional lung tissue as possible. The patient here reported is well one year after such treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

The significance of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in human lung transplantation: is there an association with acute and chronic rejection?

BACKGROUND: In animal models of acute rejection in lung allografts, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) plays a major role in the induction and persistence of the alloreactive response. We undertook a study of the clinical and histologic associations with BALT identified on transbronchial biopsy in human lung allograft recipients. METHODS: Transbronchial biopsies of patients receiving single lung, double lung, and combined heart-lung transplantation from 1984 to 1997 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were reviewed. Seventy-seven patients had transbronchial biopsies demonstrating BALT. We examined all pathologic reports and slides, and graded rejection utilizing the Revised Working Formulation for the Classification of Pulmonary Allograft Rejection. Twenty-nine of 77 patients were selected at random to evaluate the distribution of BALT lymphocyte subsets immunohistochemically. RESULTS: There was no relationship between native disease or the transplant procedure and the identification of BALT. BALT was found from 9 days to 2431 days after transplant (average: 440 days; median: 157 days) in association with clinically insignificant acute cellular rejection (A0, A1) in 75% of cases. Bronchiolitis obliterans developed in 29% of patients with a BALT-positive biopsy, a percentage not different from that of our overall lung transplant population. Immunohistochemical examination of BALT showed helper T cells predominated over cytotoxic T cells in zones surrounding B cell-rich follicular center cells. CONCLUSIONS: The association of BALT with high-grade acute cellular rejection and with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans could not be confirmed in human lung allografts. BALT most often accompanied A0 or A1 rejection. This raises the possibility that the presence of BALT on transbronchial biopsy may be part of the evolution of immunologic tolerance in human pulmonary allografts.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Combined acute traumatic aortic injury and left main bronchus transection in a 5-year-old child.

Blunt traumatic aortic and tracheobronchial injuries are extremely rare in children. We report a case of a 5 year old male who suffered both of these rare injuries (traumatic aortic rupture and left mainstem bronchus transaction). To our knowledge this combination of injuries has not been previously described in a child. CT with multiplanar images was critical for the detection of both injuries.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a new tracheal tube with a movable bronchus blocker.

A new tracheal tube which incorporates a movable bronchus blocker (the Univent tube), was evaluated in eight patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Difficulties encountered with accurate placement suggest that routine use should be made of a fibreoptic bronchoscope to confirm the position of the blocker.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of propranolol, bisoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol and diacetolol on the human isolated bronchus.

Five beta-adrenoceptor blockers, propranolol, acebutolol, diacebutolol, atenolol and bisoprolol, were tested for their antagonistic effect against isoprenaline on human isolated bronchi. The results showed (1) that only propranolol exerted a competitive antagonistic effect against isoprenaline (pA2 = 9.40 +/- 0.22, n = 7) whereas the other drugs did not, and (2) that, in the presence of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in the plasma concentrations reported after a single usual therapeutic dose, the doses of isoprenaline giving the same bronchodilator effect must be multiplied by 32.6, 5.51, 4.63, 2.82 and 1.95 respectively with propranolol, diacetolol, acebutolol, atenolol, and bisoprolol. It was concluded that (1) atenolol and bisoprolol were the least potent drugs at bronchial level in therapeutic plasma concentrations and (2) that tests performed on the human isolated bronchus might be a useful screening procedure for new drugs with potential activity on the airways.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

Unusual cutaneous associations of a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus--erythema annulare centrifugum and white banding of the toe nails.

The case history of a patient who presented with erythema annulare centrifugum and white banding of the toe nails is recorded. On investigation for an underlying malignancy the patient was found to have an opacity in the lower lobe of the right lung. Subsequently lobectomy was performed and histology of the operative specimen revealed a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus.

Back↗
PubMed1983

The late bronchus-obstructive response to bronchial challenge with pigeon faeces and its correlation with precipitating antibodies (IgG) in the serum of patients having long-term contact with pigeons.

From a total of 160 patients with allergic bronchial asthma or chronic asthmatic bronchitis, eighteen (11.3%) patients reported being regularly exposed to pigeons. In these eighteen patients, bronchial provocation tests with pigeon faeces were performed and the precipitating antibodies (IgG) in their serum against pigeon faeces and serum were estimated. Of the eighteen patients, seven (39%) demonstrated a 'late bronchus-obstructive response' to pigeon faeces. Three patients developed only an 'isolated late response' and in the other four patients the late response occurred as a part of the 'dual response'. In the seven patients with the positive late bronchial response, the precipitating antibodies in their serum to pigeon faeces were positive in five (71%) and to pigeon serum in two (28%) of them. The late skin responses to pigeon faeces were positive in five (71%) patients, the blood eosinophilia increased in six (86%) of them, a slight pyrexia occurred in two (28%) and general malaise symptoms appeared in six (86%) of them. None of these patients developed changes on the chest X-ray during the late response. The remaining eleven patients did not develop any bronchial response to pigeon faeces challenge, although in six (55%) of them the late skin responses were positive, and two (18%) had precipitating antibodies in the serum to pigeon faeces and one (9%) to pigeon serum. It is concluded that positive precipitating antibodies in the serum to pigeon faeces and serum are important parameters for detection of pigeon breeder's disease in exposed individuals, however confirmation of this diagnosis should be provided by the bronchial provocation tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Morphology and staining patterns of endocrine cell tumours in the gut, pancreas and bronchus and their possible significance.

We have studied 109 endocrine cell tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and bronchus in terms of histological pattern and histochemical staining with immunocytochemical studies on seven tumours. As a result we believe that previous histological classifications need modification. 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting tumours have a carcinoid (A1) pattern with, in some cases, an additional tubuloacinar element (A1A2) and definable histochemical reactions; well differentiated gastrinomas, insulinomas and glucagonomas are associated commonly, but not exclusively, with particular histological patterns and argyrophilia, but no such association exists for less differentiated tumours. This may be related to the synthesis of precursor hormones by less differentiated tumours. Mixed patterns are common, particularly in tumours of foregut derivation. Prospective studies planned to correlate histology, histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure are needed on all endocrine cell tumours.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Rupture of the left main-stem bronchus by the tracheal portion of a double-lumen endobronchial tube.

We report a rupture of the left main-stem bronchus following the insertion of a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube in a 76-yr-old woman with a short trachea. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was not used during the initial insertion of the tube and the depth of insertion resulted in approximately 5 cm in excess of the optimal level for this patient. The rupture had been caused by the tracheal portion of the double-lumen tube. This damage may have been avoided if a fiberoptic bronchoscope was used routinely as an introducer and for positioning of the endobronchial tube under direct vision.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery: aneurysmal dilatation causing symptomatic compression of the right main bronchus in an adult.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a cough, nocturnal stridor and dysphagia. Bronchoscopy showed tight compression of the right main bronchus. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and a computed tomographic (CT) scan showed the presence of a right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. The distal right arch and proximal right-sided descending thoracic aorta were aneurysmal and were responsible for this compression. Surgical relief was accomplished by dividing the aberrant left subclavian artery and replacing the aneurysm with a vascular graft.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1990

Immunoblockade by a specific tachykinin antiserum of the non-cholinergic contractile responses in the guinea-pig isolated bronchus.

1. In the guinea-pig isolated bronchus, capsaicin produced a concentration-dependent contraction which was tetrodotoxin- (1 microM) resistant but abolished by previous exposure to capsaicin. 2. Previous incubation with E7 antiserum (which crossreacts with neurokinin A but not with substance P), but not with control rabbit serum, strongly inhibited the contractile response to capsaicin. 3. The E7 antiserum shifted to the right the concentration-response curve to exogenous neurokinin A but not that to substance P. 4. The E7 antiserum also inhibited the non-cholinergic, slowly developing contraction produced by electrical field stimulation (1-5 Hz). 5. These findings provide additional evidence that tachykinin-like peptides play a major role in the bronchoconstrictor response produced by transmitter secretion from peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in guinea-pig bronchi evoked either by capsaicin or by electrical field stimulation.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1973

Histamine H2-receptors in the sheep bronchus and cat trachea: the action of burimamide.

Histamine-induced relaxation of the sheep bronchus was antagonized by burimamide but not by mepyramine, indicating the presence of H(2)-receptors. Mepyramine or burimamide alone produced partial antagonism of histamine-induced relaxation of the cat trachea. Both inhibitors added simultaneously effectively abolished the histamine response, suggesting that both H(1)- and H(2)-receptors are active in relaxing the cat trachea.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Classification of beta-adrenoceptors in human isolated bronchus.

(+/-)-Isoprenaline (Iso), (-)-adrenaline (Ad), (-)-noradrenaline (NA), (+/-)-phenylephrine (Phe) and the beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist (+/-)-fenoterol (Fen) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of human isolated bronchial preparations. Iso, Ad and NA caused complete relaxation of both spontaneous and carbachol-induced bronchial tone. Fen, which was only tested in preparations where tone was induced with carbachol, also caused complete relaxation. However, Phe was a partial agonist in all preparations tested. When relaxation responses to these amines were calculated as a % of their maximal effects, comparison of EC50 values showed that the order of potency was Iso greater than Ad = Fen greater than NA greater than Phe (92:27:25:1:0.2) in preparations with carbachol-induced tone and Iso greater than Ad greater than NA greater than Phe (112:38:1:0.3) in preparations with spontaneous tone. pA2 values determined for the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol (non-selective), atenolol (beta-selective) and ICI-118, 551 (beta 2-selective), using Iso as an agonist were, 9.3, 5.3 and 9.1 respectively. These results indicate that beta 2-adrenoceptors mediate relaxation of human isolated bronchus to sympathomimetic amines in preparations obtained 4-14 h post-mortem from non-diseased lung. alpha-Adrenoceptors were apparently sparse or absent in this tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The release of a non-prostanoid inhibitory factor from rabbit bronchus detected by co-axial bioassay.

1. Methacholine relaxed phenylephrine-contracted aorta of the rat with the endothelium intact. This effect was inhibited by haemoglobin, methylene blue, gossypol, phenidone and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rat aorta denuded of endothelium failed to relax in response to methacholine, histamine and the peptidoleukotrienes C4, D4 and E4. 2. Methacholine and histamine but not leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 relaxed phenylephrine-contracted rat aorta without endothelium when surrounded by rabbit epithelium-intact bronchus. The muscarinic antagonist atropine antagonized the methacholine-induced relaxation. 3. Removal of the epithelium either mechanically or chemically, abolished methacholine-induced relaxation of rat aorta in the co-axial bioassay. These data indicate that the epithelium is responsible for the observed relaxant effect to methacholine and histamine. 4. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, mepacrine and the lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), failed to inhibit methacholine-induced relaxation of rat aorta in the co-axial bioassay. This indicates that the epithelium-derived inhibitory factor (EpDIF) is not a product of the cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase pathway or a product derived from activation of phospholipase A2. 5. Haemoglobin, methylene blue, phenidone, gossypol and L-NAME failed to inhibit the relaxation of rat aorta in the co-axial bioassay. These results demonstrate that EpDIF detected in the co-axial bioassay is not endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) or nitric oxide. Similarly, catalase was without effect. 6. EpDIF is unlikely to be a peptide since papain and alpha-chymotrypsin failed to alter the methacholine-induced relaxation of rat aorta in the co-axial bioassay. Furthermore, thiorphan, captopril and aprotinin were also without effect, suggesting that EpDIF is not a substrate for airway peptidases. 7. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the release of a vasoactive epithelium-derived inhibitory factor (EpDIF) from rabbit intrapulmonary bronchi by use of a co-axial bioassay preparation.

Animals↗