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PubMed1989

[Emotional stress psychotherapy].

The concept of emotional stress psychotherapy (ESP) is based on the theoretical understanding of mental process as a system of cross-potentiating synergism of consciousness and the unconscious. Therefore, one can regard this kind of treatment as an appeal to the spiritual components of personality arousing its need of self-perfectioning. Owing to this, ESP turns the demands and higher interests creating a personality dominant to oppose the illness with ensuing depression and apathy. In a sense, this method is a qualitative contrast to S. Freud's psychoanalysis digging in the dark compartments of the soul. As a result of treatment of thousands of neurotic patients and those with psychosomatic disorders and alcoholism, the following techniques of ESP were elaborated: rational, shaped as a socratic dialogue; hypnosuggestive comprising individual or collective hypnosis, extremely loaded with emotions; autosuggestive like mental self-regulation and autogenic training filled with specific emotions.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[Objective evaluation of the effect of suggestion analgesia on the pain threshold].

Objectivization of the pain threshold, mean pain and tolerance of painful stimuli in patients with vertebrogenic algic syndrome is so far not a common examination method within the framework of psychological examinations of hospitalized patients. Because of the availability of the examination technique, the ischaemic pain test was selected performed by means of an ordinary tonometer and a rubber dynamometer. In the paper the author publishes for the first time preliminary norms for our population evaluated by the re-test following suggestive analgesia during autogenic training, extended by reflections on possible objectivization of subjective experience--pain, and further trends of clinical research in this area are outlined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress and fertility: some modalities of investigation and treatment in couples with unexplained infertility in Dublin.

The role of stress in infertility, and its treatment, is reviewed in various groups of couples labeled "unexplained infertile." A simplified profile of stress markers based upon basal prolactin estimations and psychological measurements found infertile couples more stressed than fertile controls and revealed a sub-group of women characterized as having significantly high psychological stress scores and intermittent elevations of prolactin (spikers). This group was effectively treated with a combination of clomiphene citrate and bromocriptine. However, attention to the failures as well as the successes suggests optimum benefit to the patients might involve not only provision of a good clinic ambiance and pharmacological preparations, but also relaxation therapies such as Autogenic Training, which significantly lowered psychological and biochemical stress marker scores.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1988

[Pain therapy other than with drugs with special reference to headache].

Pain-control and pain-therapy becomes most efficient within a systematic polypragmasy combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. the non-pharmacological means as well have to be combined in a rational (not casual) way. Plurality of methods should be controlled by a holistic medical view, not to become monomaniac. On the other hand specialized development in methods must be stimulated. Within our own working group we have developed a special model of group therapy combining autogenic training and analytical approach. We also apply respiratory feedback combined with suggestive formula implanted into the hypnoid state.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1988

[Biofeedback without a technical team--simple and cost effective].

An important psychotherapeutic process is that of autogenous training, whose effectiveness can be improved by the use of biofeedback. Biofeedback procedures have hitherto called for considerable expenditure on apparatus and frequent therapy sessions. Despite this, it has not been possible to extend the relaxation effect to more general situations. This paper describes an inexpensive and practical method of utilising all the advantages afforded by the underlying therapeutic concept, on the basis of experience gained with cutaneous thermography. Further information, notably on the preparation of the laminae, can be had on request from the authors.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Device and method for neuro-psychic relaxation].

A pattern model of a device for tranquilization a relaxation--a photo-acoustic relaxator--was constructed and procedures for its application elaborated. Unlike psychotherapy, hypnosis, autogenic training and pharmacological agents in this method natural factors of actions, such as light and sound are used. The relaxation achieved by rhythmic photoacoustic effects with the help of the device pre-supposes the regulation of the patient's respiration. The effect produced by the relaxation sittings is shown to depend on the temperament of the examined. The use of the device is particularly effective in persons displaying a high degree of suggestibility and emotional susceptibility.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1986

[A problem case in urologic consultation: symptoms of so-called irritable bladder in the female].

Irritable bladder symptoms are typically seen in women and usually lack pathological findings. Very often these symptoms have a psychosomatic component. The case of a 36-year-old woman is presented who, as a child, was sexually assaulted by her father and who later in life suffered severe sexual disappointment in her relationship with a married man. She has been suffering from anorgasmy since then and has developed irritable bladder symptoms. Therapeutic conversations helped the patient to accept her previous sexual experiences as a possible cause of her symptoms. Autogenic training also helped her to relax and relieved her symptoms to a certain extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Hormonal changes during relaxation].

Among 10 subjects who practiced autogenic training (AT) and 10 subjects who practiced transcendental meditation (TM), compared to 10 control subjects during 40 minutes, have been observed the following results: --decrease in cortisol plasma level (reaching a minima of 2 g/100 ml), --decrease in prolactin plasma level, --the basal plasma level of cortisol and prolactin were significantly lower in the TM group. Lastly, the urinary catecholamines (UC) increase after 40 minutes of rest in the control group, whereas the UC decrease in the TA group and most certainly in the TM group. All these variations indicate a humoral modification which seems to be the opposite of the state induced by stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Stress and the digestive system].

Functional disorders mainly occur in young, anxious hyperactive, sometimes obsessional patients and involve all parts of digestive tract: feeling of obstruction the upper oesophagus or dysphagia; aerophagia related to a slow gastric emptying or gastric fullness relieved by eructation; biliary vomiting and pain in right abdominal upper quadrant which might correspond to a form of migraine without headache; irritable bowel, characterized by abdominal discomfort and constipation. Obviously, the diagnosis of functional disorders required elimination of an organic disease by appropriate endoscopic investigations. Psychosomatic disorders mainly comprise gastroduodenal ulcers and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although psychologic profiles have been associated with gastro-duodenal ulcer, these are not necessary for the development of the disease. The role of emotional factors has decreased since very efficient anti-secretory drugs are available. Inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular ulcerative colitis is frequently associated to behaviour disorders. The patient is usually a young woman brought up by an overprotective family. It is generally recognized that attacks of ulcerative colitis may be triggered by emotional factors. Thus, Stress may interact with digestive tract. In some cases, as in patients with irritable bowel or distal ulcerative colitis, psychotherapy such as Schultz's Autogenous Training, improves the patient's condition.

Arousal↗
PubMed1993

[Behavioral and cognitive strategies in stress management].

Stress is a specific response of the individual to all nonspecific demands. However, this process of adaptation is very complex and varies considerably from person to person. The stress response or "stress reactivity" is triggered by various stressors, ranging from live events to daily hassles and including chronic stressors. These stressors need to be identified. The stress response is not univocal: it has physiological, cognitive and behavioral components. Most of the time, physiological, cognitive and behavioral responses are maladaptive and harmful for the individual. Stress management is directed at teaching individuals specific skills to modify parts of these responses in order to reduce stress. Relaxation therapies are the cornerstone of any stress management program. They mostly include autogenic training and progressive relaxation training, sometimes biofeedback. The relaxation response is a learned response. There are a variety of different methods of inducing this response. They share the common goal of countering the physiological aspects of the stress reaction. All the relaxation techniques involve long and exacting training. But proper training leads to a gradual reduction in time and effort required to relax. When properly pursued, these techniques produce a state of relaxation quickly and on demand. Cognitive approaches to stress management derive from the constatation that the individual's interpretation of events or situations which have been labeled stressful, the individual's anticipation of the consequences of the stressor and the individual's view of his or her ability to cope with the stressor or the stress reaction are fundamental in the stress process. There are a variety of cognitive theories and techniques, ranging from Beck's cognitive therapy to Ellis' Rational-Emotive Therapy. Initial phases of these therapies are directed at teaching the individual to recognize, record, analyse and modify maladaptive cognitions. The second phase is usually devoted to identifying and modifying the dysfunctional attitudes which give rise to the stressful cognitions. The basic behavioral stress response falls in line with the expectations of the fight or flight response, and a stressed individual will typically display a pattern of either aggressive or avoidance behavior (as shown in the "Type A Behavioral Pattern"). The relation between stress and behavior is bidirectional: some behaviors occur in response to stress, whereas others produce stress. Assertive training is often a component of stress management programs as it is accepted that behaving in an assertive manner (i.e. a non passive and non aggressive manner) results in an increased feeling of well-being.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Arousal↗
PubMed1996

Psychological management of postsurgical pain and patient adherence.

The advantages of proper management of postsurgical pain include fewer postoperative complications; increased early ambulation and mobilization; decreased opportunity for chronic pain syndromes to occur; shorter, less complicated rehabilitation; greater patient satisfaction; and increased patient adherence to prescribed regimens. In turn, greater adherence positively affects pain management and, therefore, patients, satisfaction with their surgeon. A variety of approaches may be used for the management of acute pain, and the "psychological preparation" of the patient prior to surgery plays a significant role. Specific approaches include (1) cognitive-behavioral (such as diaphragmatic breathing, positive visualization rehearsal, and autogenic training); (2) hypnosis; (3) biofeedback; and (4) microelectrostimulation. Some of these approaches to pain management apply during surgery and the recovery and rehabilitation periods. Many of the approaches can be carried out relatively easily by the physician and his or her staff; in some cases, specialists, such as psychologists trained in behavioral medicine, are needed. Variables that affect patient adherence, both positively and negatively, include patient motivations, the nature and chronicity of the disorder, treatment variables, and the quality of the patient-doctor relationship. Physician behaviors may encourage or discourage patient adherence.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1996

[Alternative treatment in psychiatric and psychotherapy facilities in Germany].

Questionnaires were sent to 545 clinics with at least partial psychotherapeutic or psychiatric activities to find out the spectrum of therapeutic techniques and methods used, as well as the spectrum of therapists' qualifications. From the 314 responding clinics, 127 different methods were named with an average of 4.0 each. The proportion of physicians and psychologists to patients becomes worse the bigger the clinics are: e.g., in the class of less than 50 beds, one psychologist cares for 7 patients; in the class 51-300 beds, the relation is one to 48. The six most frequently used methods are: music therapy (36.9%), imagery (25.2%), dance therapy (23.2%), autogenous training (22.6%), body therapies (21.7%), and psychodrama (18.2%). Apart from physicians and psychologists, 38 other professional groups were named. Comparing the answers concerning the methods with the performing professional group, an apparent trend towards a professional diversification was found, e.g. only 62% of music therapy is performed by music therapists, the rest by other professional groups. Finally, analysis of special remarks on the questionnaires resulted in four groups: discussions concerning the term alternative methods, recommendations to use unconventional methods after the clinical phase, conceptual changes of a clinic, and broader theoretical backgrounds integrating various methods, e.g. the psychoanalytic concept.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1977

[Psychotherapy for suicidal inclinations].

Suicidality is not an expression of a unique disease, but often the symptom of a neurotic reaction or of primary psychic maldevelopment. Forms of neurosis, where the number of symptoms is relatively small, tend to develop what may be called the "suicidality" symptom. Selection of the method of therapy depends, not upon the degree and seriousness of the inclination of commit suicide, but upon the underlying disease. In the case of neurotic reactions it is recommended to resort to the method of discussing the respective conflicts and make use of autogenic training. In the case of primary psychic maldevelopments it is necessary to choose a form of therapy centering on the personality, and this can be in the form of short-term specific therapy or in the form of group psychotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Psychological concept of pain therapy. 1. Relaxation therapy, imagery methods, hypnotherapy and psychoanalysis].

In this article, the contribution of the psychotherapy schools to psychological pain therapy shall be explained. In the first part, relaxation methods, imaginative techniques hypnotherapy, and psychoanalysis as well as their importance for psychological pain therapy are presented. Research findings for autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation and meditative methods are shown as example for relaxation methods. Imagery is shortly explained and associated to hypnotherapeutic methods. In hypnotherapy, research results, the pattern of a session and hypnotherapeutic strategies for pain reduction are demonstrated. In the explanation of psychoanalysis, the aims and explanation principles of analytic methods for the psychogenic pain development are shown.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

The relationship of motion sickness susceptibility to learned autonomic control for symptom suppression.

Twenty-four men were randomly assigned to four equal groups matched in terms of their Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index (CSSI). Two groups of subjects were highly susceptible to motion sickness, and two groups were moderately susceptible. All subjects were given six CSSI tests at 5-d intervals. Treatment Groups I (highly susceptible) and II (moderately susceptible) were taught to control their autonomic responses, using a training method called autogenic-feedback training (AFT) before the third, fourth, and fifth CSSI tests. Control Groups III (highly susceptible) and IV (moderately susceptible) received no treatment. Results showed that both treatment groups significantly improved performance on CSSI tests after training; neither of the control groups changed significantly. Highly and moderately susceptible subjects in the two treatment groups improved at comparable rates. Highly susceptible control group subjects did not habituate across tests as readily as the moderately susceptible controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The augmenting role of biofeedback: effects of autogenic, imagery and music training on physiological indices and athletic performance.

In this study, three psychoregulative procedures of relaxation and excitation were provided in combination with biofeedback to examine their role on physiological and athletic performance variables. Thirty-nine college students were randomly assigned to three groups of psychoregulatory treatment (autogenic and imagery training, AT+IT; music and imagery training, M+IT; autogenic, music and imagery training, AT+M+IT), one placebo group and the control group. Imagery was related to a 100-m run. The treatment and control conditions lasted 13 sessions of 20 min each. During the first seven sessions, the subjects in the treatment groups underwent 10 min of relaxation followed by 10 min of excitation. During the last six sessions, similar treatment was provided accompanied by frontalis EMG biofeedback. Heart rate, the galvanic skin response, EMG and breathing frequency (fb) were recorded three times during each session. In addition, an athletic task (100-m run) was examined at the outset, after seven sessions (no biofeedback) and after an additional six sessions (with biofeedback). Biofeedback was found to have a significant augmenting effect on physiological components and athletic performance when accompanied by autogenic, imagery and music training. Soft music was found to be as beneficial as other relaxation techniques. The results are compared with similar studies applying mental techniques with biofeedback, and new directions of investigation in the psychophysiological domain are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing myoclonus secondary to anoxic encephalopathy through EMG biofeedback.

Biofeedback has traditionally been used in the context of relaxation therapy along with stress management. Some recent studies have looked to extend the applicability of biofeedback by using it as a didactic tool for neuromotor rehabilitation. The present case is one in which an anoxic head-injury patient was unable to participate in transfers owing to a severe myoclonic condition. The patient was trained using an autogenic relaxation procedure along with EMG biofeedback modality to reduce the myoclonus and therefore participate actively with stand pivot transfers.

Aged↗