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Results for “Aggressive Periodontitis”

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PubMed1985

Neutrophil function and oral disease.

The pathologic sequela of reduced neutrophil function have been reviewed. In each case, the mechanism for the reduction in function has been elaborated when known. Special emphasis has been placed upon the pathologic changes in the oral cavity as a result of neutrophil dysfunction. Numerous examples have been given, and the overriding conclusion must be that any impairment of neutrophil function will lead to some degree of increased susceptibility to infection. Perhaps the tissue most sensitive to pathologic changes in the oral cavity is the periodontium. In cases of severe neutrophil dysfunction there is severe periodontal breakdown. But also in cases of "mild" neutrophil dysfunction, where there is no other infection, such as in individuals with LJP, there is severe periodontal breakdown. The molecular basis of neutrophil dysfunction is beginning to be understood in individuals with LJP. It is our hope that further research in this area will help to delineate the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptors in human gingival epithelia.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small molecular weight polypeptide which is thought to have important functions in epithelial growth and differentiation and in wound healing. EGF exerts its action on cells through binding to a cell surface receptor. Using immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the EGF receptor, we have examined gingival specimens of periodontally healthy individuals and patients with adult adult (AP) and juvenile periodontitis (JP), as well as epithelial cell rests of Malassez. EGF receptors were expressed at high levels on the cell surface of basal cell layers of gingival epithelium. In normal junctional epithelium, on the other hand, specific labeling was faint or negative, indicating that receptors are poorly expressed or absent in these cells. No differences were detected between uninflamed gingival specimens of periodontally healthy subjects and of patients with JP. Instead, in biopsies of inflamed tissue from AP patients, an intense cell surface labeling was revealed in proliferating epithelial cells. Moreover, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez bound the antibody intensely. The results suggest that EGF is involved in control of epithelial growth and differentiation in periodontal tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: analysis of HLA antigens.

OBJECTIVES: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare disease associated with prepubertal periodontitis. Our previous studies demonstrated that three unrelated patients with PLS showed the similar antigen-specific immune responses to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The initiation of antigen-specific immune responses was involved with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on antigen-presenting cells. The aim of this study was to examine HLA haplotypes in the three patients with PLS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The three PLS patients, their mothers and the father of one patient participated in this study. HLA class I and class II antigens were determined serologically and DNA typing for DRB1 and DQB1 was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: The distribution of serologic HLA haplotypes, in two of three patients, was found to be quite similar. The DNA typing revealed that DRB1*0406, DRB1*08032, DQB1*0302, DQB1*06011 genotypes were shared in the two patients. The probability of sharing these four DNA types in unrelated individuals was nearly 1:40,000 in the Japanese population. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that HLA antigen may be included as a possible host factor in the pathogenesis of PLS and that a genetically controlled immune response may account for an increased susceptibility to periodontal infection.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1985

Freeze-dried bone allografts combined with tetracycline in the treatment of juvenile periodontitis.

Sixteen patients diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis were randomly placed into one of two treatment groups. Group I received local and systemic tetracycline (TTC), while Group II received no antibiotics. Osseous defects were grafted with allogeneic freeze-dried bone (FDBA) mixed with TTC powder (Group Ia) or FDBA alone (Group IIa). Contralateral defects were debrided only in both Groups (Ib and IIb). Direct reentry evaluation of 104 measurement sites demonstrated significantly greater bone fill (mean = 2.8 mm) and resolution of osseous defects (mean = 72.7%) in the TTC/FDBA-treated group (Ia) as compared to the TTC plus debridement only (Ib) or no TTC-treated groups (IIa and IIb). The results of this study indicate that of the modes of treatment investigated, the combination of local and systemic tetracycline coupled with freeze-dried bone allografts was the treatment of choice for defects associated with juvenile periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of periodontitis in an urban adolescent population.

The presence of periodontitis in 307 black, Hispanic, and Asian students age 12 to 15 years was evaluated by calibrated examiners in a Los Angeles inner city junior high school. The periodontal status of maxillary and mandibular incisors and permanent first molars was evaluated using the Plaque Index, probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, presence of calculus, and caries. Thirty-nine (12.7%) of 307 students had 5 mm or deeper probing depths and associated attachment loss of at least 2 mm and were considered to have periodontitis (PD). The PD group had significantly more bleeding, calculus, and missing teeth than the non-PD group, but both groups had moderate to severe plaque accumulation. The distribution and severity of disease increased with age. Deeper probing depths were associated with the molar teeth and six (15.4%) of the 39 subjects in the PD group had furcation involvement. Clinical screening alone was not sufficient to determine if the periodontitis seen was localized juvenile periodontitis; however, the program detected a high occurrence of periodontitis in this population group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Differential diagnosis in clinical trials of therapy for periodontitis.

For purposes of clinical trials of therapies for periodontitis, it is recommended that population samples be identified as adult periodontitis (systemically modified or not systemically modified), early onset periodontitis (localized or juvenile, generalized or rapidly progressive, or associated with systemic disease), or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, avoiding overlapping criteria. Population samples of adult or early onset periodontitis modified by or associated with systemic conditions should be used in clinical trials only when the intent is to study effect on the specifically modified condition. Objective identification of the modifying systemic condition should be required for all subjects in such trials. Population samples should be homogeneous for the diagnosis, whether systemically modified or not. Refractory periodontitis, prepubertal periodontitis, and periodontitis associated with systemic disease are not recommended as useful descriptors of population samples without discrete identification of underlying systemic abnormality for all included subjects. Definition of population sample by a bacteriological or a host response feature is not recommended unless the trial is specifically aimed at that feature and the sample is homogeneous for it. All trials of efficacy should include physical or radiographic measurement of attachment level or bone height as a critical outcome variable. Results from trial in one form of periodontitis should not be applied directly to other forms.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1995

The apical border plaque in severe periodontitis. An ultrastructural study.

This study concerns the apical border (AB) plaque in relation to severe forms of periodontitis (SP), including juvenile, post-juvenile, and rapidly progressing periodontitis. Twenty-four (24) teeth from 16 patients with SP were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AB was not discrete, with islands of bacteria in the so-called plaque-free zone (PFZ). Coronal to the AB the established plaque consisted of a layer of Gram-positive cocci and ghost cells and a superficial layer mainly of Gram-negative morphotypes, including cocci, rods, filaments, fusiforms, and spirochetes. The most apical apparently intact organisms in the PFZ were in bacterial islands or in isolation and were predominantly Gram-negative cocci and rods, with ghost cells in abundance. Ruthenium red, alcian blue-lanthanum nitrate, and safranin O were used to label matrix polyanionic macromolecules, and periodic acid (thiosemicarbazide) silver proteinate for intracellular polysaccharide (IPS). The matrix components were mainly fibrillar. Many intact bacteria exhibited extracellular polysaccharides or glycocalyces associated with their cell wall, and cytoplasmic IPS granules. The latter varied in distribution and were evident even in the most apically advanced intact microorganisms. The results indicate that IPS and some matrix features of the apical border plaque in severe periodontitis in certain aspects resemble those of sub-contact area plaque on children's teeth, in health or associated with early chronic gingivitis, and with those in chronic adult periodontitis. They also suggest the establishment of acidic regions in the microniche at the bottom of the periodontal pocket in the various forms of periodontitis differing in rate of progression. It was concluded that there was a limited range of intact bacterial morphotypes in the apical border plaque in severe periodontitis, similar to those in chronic adult periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Site-specific chlorhexidine: a periodontal alternative.

Three case reports demonstrate the clinical use of an adjunctive chlorhexidine chip capable of sustaining local antimicrobial activity for 7-10 days. The chip is easy to place, requires no additional chair time for removal, is self-adherent, and can be provided to periodontal maintenance patients on a recurring basis. This is another adjunct that can be part of the clinician's armamentarium when presented with a clinically challenging localized periodontal defect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Periodontal tissue changes after the correction of reverse over-jet].

Frequently, the incisor crossbite is the result of the abnormal retroclination of the anterior teeth of the maxilla. The occlusal trauma due to this condition and crowding can affect the periodontal health of the anterior teeth. We took in our study a sample of children with incisor crossbite who have undergone orthodontic treatment with proclination of the maxillary incisors in order to correct the reverse overjet. All subjects were monitored for oral hygiene during the correction of the incisor crossbite. When found that the orthodontic movements for the correction of the incisor crooss-bite produced an increased and transcent periodontal inflammation in the maxillary incisor's area, but with a good oral hygiene, these kind of orthodontic movements seemed to be harmless for the periodontal status of this patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative--case reports.

Recent studies have shown that enamel matrix proteins may induce regeneration in periodontal intrabony defects. This paper presents preliminary results (6 to 12 months observation period) of the clinical application of enamel matrix protein (Emdogain) as an adjunct to periodontal surgical therapy of intrabony defects. The clinical results support reports that enamel matrix derivative may induce regeneration in intrabony defects, irrespective of the type of periodontal disease and/or type of intrabony defect involved.

Adolescent↗