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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The labor force and urbanization in the Middle East: analysis and policy.

"The purpose of this paper is to describe and comment on the labor force movements in the Middle East with particular reference to the implications of these flows for the process of urbanization in the region. [The author deals] with both international transfers of labor and internal movements of labor to urban communities." The international flow of labor in the Middle East in general is first examined, and a classification scheme is outlined to identify the major differences that exist within the region. Internal labor force migration is then analyzed using data for Libya. The final sections of the paper deal with data collection and policy issues.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urbanization and national development: the quest for appropriate human settlement policies in the Arab world.

"The subject matter of this paper is policy perspectives of human settlement of the Arab countries in the light of the rapid urbanization trends largely resulting from the economic growth of the last two decades or so.... Section A analyzes the human settlement structure of the Arab countries and the urbanization processes of the recent past, and Section B picks up the threads from various documents and field observation to see what certain countries have done to solve the emerging problems and what directions their policies might take in the future." The paper is based on aggregate national data for 20 countries and on case studies of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Sudan, and Tunisia.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urbanization and social change in the Arab world.

"... This paper represents an exploratory essay that looks at variations (variables) within the Arab region over time and space and that attempts to extract some of the underlying common elements that distinguish present day social change and urbanization in the Arab world." A typology is developed that identifies sub-types of Arab countries on the basis of economic structure. Major categories include heartland/confrontation states, neocolonial dependencies, semi-oil states, and oil-wealthy states.

Africa↗
PubMed1985

International labor migration in the Middle East: a review of literature and research, 1974-84.

"This article reviews the main trends in the literature and research on international labor migration in the Middle East over the period 1974-84. This literature, which is characterized as descriptive and judgemental, falls into three broad categories: first, international and national overviews of migration trends, remittance flows and their macro-economic impact; second, descriptions of government policies designed to organize and regulate labor migration; third, at the community and household scale, comparative studies of migrant and non-migrant behavior in labor-sending countries."

Africa↗
PubMed1985

Smallpox eradication: selected management issues.

The eradication of smallpox was dependent on the attainment of a high level of herd immunity during the consolidation and maintenance phases of the eradication program, after mass vaccination effort had reduced the incidence of the disease to a few endemic areas in the world. Immunity was possible through the immunization of susceptible population. Attainment of effective immunization in both large and small countries, with both concentrated and dispersed population settlement patterns, was dependent not only on improved vaccination technology, notably the widespread availability of heat-stable freeze-dried vaccine and the use of the bifurcated needle, but also on the way eradication programs were designed and implemented. This paper will outline important components of the smallpox eradication program, particularly, information management, personnel management, and material resources management. Although they were critical to the eventual success of the program, there has been little consolidated effort to review these management strategies. The paper, to a large extent, concentrates on the eradication programs of Bangladesh, India, and West Africa, given that these come to the forefront in terms of reviewing management strategies in the internationally available literature.

Africa↗