Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “APUD Cells”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostatic carcinoma.

Endocrine-paracrine (APUD, neuroendocrine) cells are located in the prostatic ductal and acinar epithelium. These cells are of the open and closed type and have dendritic processes. There is a wide range of secretory granule morphology presumably indicating a variety of different cell "types." Secretory immunoreactive peptides include serotonin, calcitonin (and related peptides), somatostatin, bombesin-like, thyroid-stimulating hormone-like (beta chain), and alpha-glycoprotein chain-like. These cells may function by endocrine, paracrine, neurocrine, and lumencrine mechanisms and play an important regulatory role both during growth and differentiation of the prostate as well as in the secretory process of the mature gland. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma is a frequent occurrence and manifests itself in several forms, including (1) small cell carcinoma, (2) carcinoid and carcinoid-like tumors, and (3) conventional adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. This latter pattern is the most common, and there is evidence that all or nearly all prostatic adenocarcinomas show at least some focal neuroendocrine differentiation. A review of the world's literature on this topic is included. Neuroendocrine differentiation generally portends a poorer prognosis but may also correlate directly with the grade. There is some evidence to suggest that neoplastic cells with neuroendocrine differentiation are resistant to hormonal therapy. Eutopic and ectopic hormone production may allow screening for prostatic carcinoma and/or monitoring for recurrence of prostatic carcinomas. Finally, the more basic implications of endocrine-paracrine cells and neuroendocrine differentiation are speculated on in reference to prostatic carcinogenesis and autocrine/paracrine tumor growth factor activity.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1985

Peptides of the APUD system in amphibian skins.

Methanol extracted skins from 84 species of amphibia were screened, measuring by RIAs: gastrin-CCK, VIP, calcitonin, GIP, PP and motilin. G-CCK-like immunoreactivity was found in 97.6%; VIP-like immunoreactivity in 41%; CT-like immunoreactivity in 34%; GIP-like immunoreactivity in 10%; PP-like immunoreactivity in 40% and MT-like immunoreactivity in 60% of the samples. The use of a sequence-specific radioimmunoassay and of gel-chromatography confirmed the caerulein-CCK-8-like nature of the immunoreactive material. Detected amounts of the other peptides (VIP, CT, GIP, PP, MT) were too low for bioassay or chromatographic studies, thus leaving the question open if they are due to some kind of unspecific interferences or, most likely, to species-specificity differences of the used antisera.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1979

The pineal gland as an APUD organ: supporting evidence and implications.

It is only in recent years that the pineal gland has emerged from being thought of as non-functional and unimportant. The rise from obscurity has been the result of the interest of investigators of multidisplinary origins; such approaches, whilst clearly advancing understanding, also tend to leave knowledge fragmentary. In the last decade, a new neuroendocrine axis known as the APUD system has been delineated and scientifically accepted. The essence of the concept has been to link a physically widely dispersed and apparently unconnected series of glandular structures by a common embryological derivation and their secretion of closely similar functional products. The present proposal collates evidence for the inclusion of the pineal gland within the APUD system. In addition, because of the proven connections and response of the pineal gland to environmental changes, it is hypothesised that pineal products may provide the link between the environment and other members of the widely dispersed APUD system and thereby temper body homeostasis.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1987

The diffuse neuroendocrine system: a molecular perspective.

This review seeks to illustrate that the concept of a 'diffuse neuroendocrine system' arises from a series of ontogenetic, phylogenetic and functional overlaps borne out at the molecular level, which engender an apparent global unit. Extrapolation from the overlaps should lead to the discovery of new facets in the relationships between molecular components of the DNES, and this approach will lead to a spectrum of markers and probes with a variety of clinical applications. Initial approaches progressed from cellular function toward molecular anatomy, but converse questions starting from anatomical markers are now arising.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed2001

Nonandrogenic mediators of prostatic growth.

Prostate growth and development are primarily under the control of androgens; however, other factors can also influence prostatic growth through alternative pathways. This article discusses some of the major nonandrogenic mediators of prostate growth. Information on the pathways by which these factors exert their effects is also reviewed.

APUD Cells↗