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No evidence of interference of hypocapnia/respiratory alkalosis with classical conditioning of electrodermal responses.

Most phobias can be traced to aversive experiences relating to the phobic cue, but most aversive experiences do not result in phobias. Why is it that only sometimes these experiences result in classical conditioning of fear? It was hypothesized that if the subject is in a state of hypocapnia/respiratory alkalosis, classical conditioning of fear is facilitated, while extinction of fear responses is inhibited. Thirty-two healthy volunteers underwent a classical conditioning procedure with slides as conditioned stimulus, electric shocks as unconditioned stimulus, and electrodermal responding as (un) conditioned response. During conditioning, half of the subjects hyperventilated and were hypocapnic/alkalotic, while the other half was not. In both groups clear conditioning occurred, but there was no effect of hypocapnia. Results are critically discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1989

Effect of induced alkalosis on perception of exertion during intermittent exercise.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metabolic alkalosis on differentiated ratings of perceived exertion during intermittent high-intensity exercise. Six endurance-trained females participated as subjects in this investigation. Each subject underwent three separate experimental trials in which NaHCO3 was ingested in either a single (0.3 g NaHCO3/kg body wt) or periodic schedule (0.12 g NaHCO3/kg body wt initially, with 0.18 g/kg body wt distributed in equal doses before each 5-min exercise bout). Calcium carbonate served as a placebo control. An intermittent exercise protocol was used in which each subject rode a cycle ergometer at 90% maximum O2 consumption for 5 min. Within each acid-base condition, the exercise protocol was repeated three times with 10-min rest periods interspersed. Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion for the legs (RPE-L), chest (RPE-C), and overall body (RPE-O) were attenuated under alkalotic treatment relative to placebo control regardless of pattern of NaHCO3 administration. RPE-L, RPE-C, and RPE-O were negatively correlated to the bicarbonate concentration of venous blood. This investigation suggests that perception of effort during high-intensity intermittent exercise can be related to buffering capacity of the blood.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

Effect of acute induced metabolic alkalosis on 800-m racing time.

Six trained middle-distance runners wer studied under alkalotic (NaHCO3 ingestion), placebo (CaCO3 ingestion), and control conditions to determine the effect of an acute induced metabolic alkalosis on time to run an 800-m race. Pre-exercise, following NaHCO3 ingestion, pH and standard [HCO3-] were significantly higher. In the alkalotic condition, subjects ran faster (2.9 s) and the corresponding post-exercise values for blood [lactate] and extracellular H+ were higher than in the control and placebo conditions, suggesting an increased anaerobic energy contribution. These results support the speculation that the increase in extracellular buffering following NaHCO3 ingestion facilitated H+ efflux from the cells of working muscle, thereby delaying the decrease in intracellular pH and postponing fatigue. It is concluded that the ingestion of NaHCO3 by trained middle-distance runners prior to an 800-m race has an ergogenic benefit.

Bicarbonates↗