Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “veterinary pathogens”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Genetic heterogeneity of the pathogenic potentials of human and bovine group B streptococci.

One-hundred seventy-two B-streptococcal strains of human and bovine origin were analyzed for the presence of 9 genes potentially involved in virulence. Some of genes (glnA, cyl, hylB, scaA and cfb) were revealed in all the strains. However, the presence of others (bca, bac, scpB, lmb) varied from strain to strain. Taken together, 3 and 5 different types of pathogenic potential were found among human and bovine group B streptococci (GBS) strains, respectively, and only one type (bca+ bac scpB+ glnA+ cyl+ hylB+ lmb+ scaA+ cfb+) was common for both kinds of strains. We propose that different virulence genes can be involved in the development of infectious processes in humans and animals. A reliable PCR protocol with 3 pairs of primers (for the genes bca, bac and scpB) in the same reaction mixture was developed for the fast identification of the pathogenic potential of GBS. In comparison with the classical immunological methods this procedure displayed higher specificity and sensitivity as well as a shorter time of analysis. It can be recommended for use in the clinical and veterinary practice for studying the epidemiological relationship between the isolates and the ready identification of the clone causing the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Ferret respiratory diseases.

Ferret behavior often brings them into close contact with potential respiratory pathogens and traumatic insults. Although respiratory disease accounts for a small percentage of cases, they are usually dramatic. Acute and chronic conditions occur, and many lesions are confined to the upper or lower respiratory tree but may not involve both. Pathogens such as influenza A account for a large percentage of upper respiratory infections and often mirror the "flu" season of humans. Traumatic insults to the head and chest are relatively common and account for many veterinary visits. Numerous diseases affecting the upper and lower respiratory systems are discussed, with suggestions for diagnostics and therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Viruses of Chelonia.

Viruses occurring in turtles and tortoises are hetergeneous but according to ecologic characteristics and pathogenic properties they can be divided in two major groups: 1. Arboviruses (toga-, flavi-, rhabdo- and bunyaviruses) transmitted by arthropods cause severe diseases in homoiothermic vertebrates. The viruses are of great epidemiological interest in human and veterinary medicine. Chelonia and other reptiles infected by bites of vectors e.g. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex develop cyclic viremia without injury. The ectothermic animals maintain inapparent arbovirus infections during hibernation and they play role as reservoirs for these viruses. 2. Viruses of Chelonia origin (papova-, herpes-, irido- and paramyxoviruses) associated with diseases of infected turtles and tortoises have been described frequently during the last 20 years. Several viruses or virus-like particles could be demonstrated in affected reptiles mainly by electron microscopy. Especially herpesviruses seem to attack Chelonia and epizootics due to infections with these viruses were reported in several reptiles in collections. However, the etiological role of the agents detected is not well documented yet.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Kinetics of infection and effects on placental cell populations in a murine model of Chlamydia psittaci-induced abortion.

The anatomical progression of chlamydial infection was studied in different areas of the placenta, using a mouse model and two inoculation times: early pregnancy (day 7, group A) and midpregnancy (day 11, group B). The first population cells affected were decidual cells and neutrophils located just at the limits of the maternal and fetal placenta. The following invaded area was the layer of giant cells. Complete colonization of the maternal placenta occurred after day 15 of pregnancy independently of the inoculation time, the metrial gland being the last area to be invaded; numerous granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells were infected. Finally, chlamydial inclusions were observed in labyrinthine trophoblastic cells from day 18 of pregnancy onward. Since no fetal damage was observed, it seems that an indirect mechanism involving the lysis of GMG cells and neutrophil infiltration of the decidua and metrial gland may be the pathogenic mechanism that leads to abortion.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2006

Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health, growth, and selected blood metabolites in calves.

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate effects of increased milk replacer feeding on growth, intake, feed efficiency, and health parameters in stressed calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 120; approximately 3 to 8 d of age) were purchased from sale barns and dairy farms and housed in fiberglass hutches. In addition, wood shavings contaminated with coronavirus were mixed with clean shavings and added to each hutch before the start of the experiment. Calves were fed either a fixed amount (454 g/d) of a 20% crude protein (CP), 20% fat milk replacer to weaning at 28 d or a variable amount (454, 681, 908, and 454 g/d on d 0 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 31, and 32 to 41, respectively) of a milk replacer containing 28% CP and 17% fat without or with added dietary supplement containing bovine serum. Calves were also fed commercial calf starter and water ad libitum. Plasma IgG concentration in most calves on arrival at the facility was < 10 g/L. Intake, change in body weight, feed efficiency, morbidity and mortality, and selected plasma metabolites were determined. Body weight at 28 d, 56 d, daily body weight gain, intake of milk replacer, fecal scores, days with diarrhea, and days treated with antibiotics were increased with feeding variable amount of milk replacer over the 56-d study. Starter intake from d 1 to 56 was reduced from 919 to 717 g/d in calves fed fixed and variable amounts of milk replacer, respectively. Morbidity, measured as the number of days that calves had diarrhea, was increased by 53% when a variable amount of milk replacer was fed. Calves fed variable milk replacer were treated with antibiotics for 3.1 d compared with 1.9 d for calves fed 454 g of milk replacer/d. Concentrations of plasma glucose, urea N, and insulin-like growth factor-I were increased when calves were fed variable amount of milk replacer. Dietary supplement containing bovine serum had no effect on any parameter measured. There was no effect of milk replacer feeding on concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, total protein, or growth hormone concentrations. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha was highest in calves with the highest plasma IgG concentrations on the day of arrival and might be related to the calf's ability to identify pathogens in the environment. Under conditions of this study, calves fed variable amount of milk replacer and exposed to immunological challenge before weaning had greater BW gain, but also increased incidence of diarrhea that required added veterinary treatments.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

[Frequency of abortion and seroprevalence of the principal diseases causing ovine infectious abortion in the area of Rabat (Morocco)].

A survey was carried out on 23 sheep flocks to estimate the frequency of abortion as well as the prevalence of antibodies against abortive infections. During the visit of each farm, a questionnaire was completed with the collaboration of the owner and blood samples were collected from all aborted ewes and some of those with normal lambing. A rate of 7% abortion was reached in both aborted and normally lambed ewes. Anti-Chlamydia psittaci antibodies were the most frequently detected (14 flocks). Anti-Coxiella burnetii and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 9 flocks, whereas anti-Brucella and anti-Salmonella abortus ovis were present in only 1 flock each. None of the 5 infections was detected in 2 flocks. Mixed infections were prevalent: 13 flocks were simultaneously infected by at least 2 abortive pathogens. The procedure used does not allow the cause of abortion to be identified in all cases.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1984

Plasmid content and pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains in the pregnant guinea pig model.

Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli from human and animal sources were assessed for pathogenicity by their capability to produce abortions in pregnant guinea pigs. The pathogenicity rate varied from 7% to 87% for the C jejuni strains and from 0% to 53% for the C coli strains. Plasmid carriage was not found to correlate with pathogenicity as determined by ability of the strains to produce abortions in the pregnant guinea pig model.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of Chlamydia psittaci in enteric subclinical infections in adult sheep, through cell culture isolation.

Ovine chlamydiasis is a well known disease in countries with a good practice of breeding sheep herds, not so in Mexico. Aiming to determine Chlamydia psittaci presence in sheep herds in Mexico, we sampled 10 different farmlands in 5 geographical zones on the highlands, gathering a total of 267 viable samples from adult ewes in SPG (92 of them were obtained in a second sampling carried out in five randomly chosen farms). Samples were treated and inoculated on L-929 cells grown in Iscove's supplemented medium; identification of the characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions was performed by Giemsa stain, and indirect immunofluorescence in suspected samples. Isolation was successful in 92.88% of the trials. No significant differences were observed among the studied herds nor between the two samplings. This high incidence leads to consider seriously the possible pathogenic role of C. psittaci in Mexico.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1996

[Health risks in connection with fungi: a contribution to the assessment of fungi in the risk potential of safety provisions].

Fungi have been used for a long time in industrial production. Recent developments in biotechnology have lead to an increased awareness of possible health hazards connected with the use of microorganisms in industries. In order to avoid potential risks by appropriate protective measures it is necessary to assess the microorganisms, including fungi, with respect to their species-related risk potential. For this purpose, fungi were classified into three risk groups of which group I contains non-hazardous fungi and group III fungi with high risk. Most difficulties arise when it is to be decided if a fungus belongs to group I or group II which includes most pathogenic fungi. The present study was designed to provide data which facilitate the assessment of potentially hazardous fungi. It is based on the evaluation of the pertinent mycological literature as represented in the Review of Medical and Veterinary Mycology in the years from 1980 till 1989.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2002

Health monitoring and conservation of wildlife in Sweden and Northern Europe.

Monitoring of wildlife diseases started in Scandinavia as sporadic postmortem examinations in the early 20th century. In 1945 a monitoring program for wildlife health was initiated. The program is today an integrated part of the National Environmental Monitoring programs in Sweden. The total material today comprises more than 80000 recorded investigations. There are similar programs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway, but no comparable program exists in other Northern European countries. The program has led to discoveries of new diseases in many mammals and birds, and demonstration of several environmental pollutants, such as mercury, lead, and cadmium, in wildlife. The success of the program is due to several factors such as: a rich wildlife with economically important game species; location of the program at the National Veterinary Institute with excellent facilities and competent staff, good cooperation with hunter and conservation organizations, stable financial support, a cool climate, and a successful relationship with media. Current work also includes more focused investigations on different specific pathogens and pollutants, as well as investigations in single animal species.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus in caprine abortions in Tobago: a sero-epidemiological study.

A sero-epidemiological study was conducted on a goat farm that experienced an abortion epidemic in the 2005 breeding season in Tobago. Serum samples of goats (aborting and non-aborting) and cats were collected, in addition to the use of stored sera from the farm sampled in 2003 and 2004. Farm records on the reproductive and mortality rates for year 2003, 2004 and 2005 were also reviewed. The sera were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT), Chlamydophila abortus with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Brucella abortus using the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT). Farm records revealed that for the period 2003-2005, the average kid per doe rate decreased from 2.1 to 1.5, the mortality rate increased from 6.3% in 2002 to 19.4% in 2004 and the fertility rate decreased from 98-99% (2002-2004) to 89% (2005). There was a dramatic increase in the abortion rate from <1% (2002, 2003 and 2004) to 29.2% (2005). Of a total of 161 sera tested comprising 12 from 2003, 89 from 2004 and 70 from 2005, 0 (0.0%), 21 (23.6%) and 45 (64.3%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins (i.e. titres > or =1 : 64) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi(2)). Of all serum samples tested, only 1 (1.1%) of 89 from 2004 was positive for C. abortus while all the sera tested were negative for B. abortus. Amongst the 24 does which aborted in 2005 and were available for testing in mid-2005, 15 (62.5%) had reciprocal titres of > or =1 : 2048, three (12.5%) each had titres of 1 : 1024, 1 : 256 and < or =1 : 16 i.e. negative. The seroprevalence and titres of does that aborted, 20 (87.0%) of 23, all with titres > or =1 : 256 suggesting current infection, were statistically significantly (P < 0.05; chi(2)) higher than was detected amongst does that delivered normal kids, 25 (53.25) of 47 with 22 (48.8%) having titres of > or =1 : 256. One (50.0%) of two cats caught and tested was seropositive with a reciprocal titre of 128. This is considered the first documentation of T. gondii agglutinins in caprine abortion as well the detection of C. abortus antibodies from livestock in Trinidad. It is concluded that of the three zoonotic abortifacient pathogens tested for, T. gondii appeared to have played some aetiological role in the abortion epidemic investigated.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1980

A two year survey on the control of the importation of captive birds into Great Britain.

The operation of the Importation of Captive Birds Order 1976 is described. In the first 24 months that the order was effective, a total of 183,189 birds were landed. Of these 5829 (3.18 per cent) were dead on arrival, 8643 (4.71 per cent) died in quarantine and 474 batches of carcases were submitted for post mortem examination. Chlamydia infections were diagnosed in birds from 14 quarantine/isolation lots and salmonellae were isolated from 23 lots. Thirty-six haemagglutinating agents were isolated from 17 quarantine/isolation lots. These were identified as eight influenza A viruses with Hav 7 Neq 2 subtypes (associated with two importations); 14 influenza A viruses with Hav 4 Nav 1 subtypes (six importations); four yucaipa-like paramyxoviruses (three importations); four 449-like paramyxoviruses (two importations); one unspecified paramyxovirus; five Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) (two importations). Four of the NDV isolates, associated with one importation, were shown to be velogenic viruses by intravenous pathogenicity index tests in six-week-old chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Seroconversion and abortion in cattle experimentally infected with Brucella sp. isolated from a Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi).

Previously unrecognized Brucella species have been isolated from a number of marine mammals, including harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in the Puget Sound area of the state of Washington. Because of the presence of dairy herds in proximity to the harbor seal populations, a study was conducted to determine the effects of the harbor seal Brucella isolate in experimentally inoculated cattle. Six pregnant cattle were exposed by intravenous injection (n = 3) or intraconjunctival inoculation (n = 3). Two pregnant cows were intravenously injected with saline and served as controls. All of the cows receiving the Brucella seroconverted on 1 or more tests commonly used for the detection of Brucella abortus infection. Two of the cattle receiving the intravenous inoculation aborted, and brucellae were demonstrated in the fetuses and dams immediately following abortion. The remaining 4 Brucella-inoculated animals and their fetuses were culture negative for the organism at 14 weeks postinoculation. Results of this study indicate the marine mammal Brucella is capable of producing seroconversion and abortion in cattle but is less pathogenic in that species than B. abortus.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1995

Poxvirus-based vaccine candidates for cancer, AIDS, and other infectious diseases.

Over the past 12 years, the poxvirus vector technology has provided scientists with valuable reagents to achieve high-level expression of proteins, to address questions of structure-function relationship of specific polypeptides, to investigate the immunobiology of specific pathogens, and to develop recombinant vaccine candidates. It is this last role that has drawn enthusiasm from the medical community because of the potential this technology has to provide novel approaches for addressing urgent needs in human and veterinary medicine. From one perspective, the safety issues surrounding the use of vaccinia-based vaccine candidates have been addressed with the development of the NYVAC and ALVAC vectors. Evaluation of these novel poxvirus vectors are in progress to determine their potential impact on cancer and infectious disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Fungi on the hair of large mammals in Egypt.

The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 260 hair samples of dog, donkey and cow collected from Veterinary Medicine Hospital of Assiut University was determined. Twenty-three species which belong to fifteen genera were collected. In low frequency, several dermatophytes (Chrysosporium, Microsporum, Arthroderma and Trichophyton) were found as well as some other fungal species pathogenic to man and animals (Aspergillus fumigatus, Stachybotrys chartarum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Cephalosporium acremonium).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Application of molecular diagnostic methods to penaeid shrimp diseases: advances of the past 10 years for control of viral diseases in farmed shrimp.

The most important diseases of farmed penaeid shrimp have infectious aetiologies. Among these are diseases with viral, rickettsial, bacterial, fungal and parasitic aetiologies. Diagnostic methods for these pathogens include the traditional methods of gross pathology, histopathology, classical microbiology, animal bioassay, antibody-based methods, and molecular methods using DNA probes and DNA amplification. While methods using clinical chemistry and tissue culture are standard methods in veterinary and human diagnostic laboratories, the former has not been routinely applied to the diagnosis of penaeid shrimp diseases and the latter has yet to be developed, despite considerable research and development efforts that have spanned the past 40 years. No continuous shrimp cell lines, or lines from other crustaceans, have been developed. Hence, when molecular methods began to be routinely applied to the diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals in the mid- to late 1980s, the technology was applied to the diagnosis of certain important diseases of penaeid shrimp for which only classical diagnostic methods were previously available. A DNA hybridization assay for the parvovirus IHHNV was the first molecular test developed for a shrimp disease. This was followed within a year by the first PCR test for MBV, an important baculovirus disease of shrimp. Today, shrimp disease diagnostic laboratories routinely use molecular tests for diagnostic and surveillance purposes for most of the important penaeid shrimp diseases.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1990

The American lung fluke, Paragonimus kellicotti, in a cat model.

Twenty-four specific-pathogen-free domestic cats were infected orally with from 2 to 30 Paragonimus kellicotti metacercariae and followed for 2-61 wk. Following infection by metacercarial cysts dissected from crayfish, the lungs of the cats undergo changes of intense eosinophilic pneumonia, granulomatous pneumonitis, squamous epithelial-lined cyst formation of bronchogenic origin, and finally (late in infection) partial resolution of the host response. Bronchograms and mechanical probing illustrate the patency of cyst communication with bronchi. The modulation of the host response and adaptive changes in the host lung tissue are seen late in infection and have previously been unreported or underemphasized. These adaptive responses may account for the number of asymptomatic cases accidentally found in veterinary patients and the difficulty in prompt and proper diagnosis in human cases.

Animals↗