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PubMedDate not supplied

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: an illustrated, step-by-step guide.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesize data from existing primary research, and well-conducted reviews offer clinicians a practical solution to the problem of staying current in their fields of interest. A whole generation of secondary journals, pre-appraised evidence libraries and periodically updated electronic texts are now available to clinicians. However, not all systematic reviews are of high quality, and it is important to be able to critically assess their validity and applicability. This article is an illustrated guide for conducting systematic reviews. A clear understanding of the process will provide clinicians with the tools to judiciously appraise reviews and interpret them. We hope that it will enable clinicians to conduct systematic reviews, generate high-quality evidence, and contribute to the evidence-based medicine movement.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2005

[COX-2 inhibitors--one step forward and two steps back].

BACKGROUND: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are widely used. They have no advantages in terms of efficacy, and it is not documented that they cause fewer adverse effects than conventional NSAIDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The adverse effects of rofecoxib, celecoxib and other NSAIDs are reviewed. Relevant literature was identified on Medline and in the reference lists in key articles. RESULTS: Rofecoxib and the novel COX-2 inhibitors etoricoxib and valdecoxib have a higher degree of COX-2 selectivity than traditional NSAIDs. Celecoxib is less COX-2 selective and appears to be similar to diclofenac. Rofecoxib induces thromboembolic adverse effects more frequently than conventional NSAIDs. INTERPRETATION: The cardiovascular problems conferred by rofecoxib are probably a class effect and thus inducible by other selective COX-2 inhibitors. Pending comprehensive safety data, caution is warranted regarding the use of these drugs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

[An improvement of step-by-step medical care for patients with ischemic stroke in Orel region].

In Orel region, standardized mortality rates of cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) are one of the lowest in Russian Federation (RF)--200.1 per 100,000 population as compared to 316 per 100,000 in the country. According to the brain stroke register, CVD mortality in Orel city was evaluated as 79 per 100,000 population. The causes of such decrease are as follows: (1) people are well informed about the first signs of stroke and 60% of patients referred to medical services after the first signs; (2) Municipal Health Care department issued an instruction on the immediate hospitalization, with a small number of contra-indications, of all patients with acute lesions of brain blood circulation (ABBC)--as a result, 70% of patients were admitted within the first 6 hours from stroke development; (3) an efficient system of the first pre-hospital care performed by an emergency team, with delivering stroke patients to hospitals by the team that first diagnosed ABBC; (4) sufficient hospital facilities (100 beds for vascular neurological patients with 12 beds for intensive therapy per 331,300 population); (5) hospitalization of all patients with acute stroke to vascular neurological departments with intensive therapy wards and neurologists trained all the methods of critical care and intensive therapy; (6) a sufficient supply of all medications necessary for treatment of the acute stage of stroke. The scheme of therapeutic and diagnostic care for patients with ischemic stroke is proposed that could be recommended for organization of medical care to patients with ABBC in RF cities and towns.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed2005

Step by step.

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Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Writing it up: a step-by-step guide to publication for beginning investigators.

OBJECTIVE: Writing scientific manuscripts can be unnecessarily daunting, if not paralyzing. This paralysis is usually the result of one of two reasons: either researchers do not know how to start, or they do not know what to put where. However, most radiology manuscripts follow a definable blueprint. In this article, I attempt to lay out the paragraph-by-paragraph development of a typical radiology paper. CONCLUSION: If authors can accomplish the writing of the 18 paragraphs of text described in this article, they will produce a manuscript that is properly organized, correct in its essentials, and ready for the finishing hand of a seasoned writer and mentor.

Journal Article↗