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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The value of a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio assessment in a single voided urine specimen in prediction of 24-hour proteinuria in pregnancy induced hypertension].

OBJECTIVES: Detecting proteinuria is an integral part in management of hypertensive pregnant women. The measurement of protein excretion in a 24-hour urine collection is used as the gold standard for the diagnosis and follow-up of pathologic urinary excretion. However, 24-hour urine collection is time consuming, cumbersome and often inaccurate especially during pregnancy. Pregnant women find it very inconvenient and difficult. AIM: The study was undertaken to validate the prediction of 24-hour protein excretion by a single voided urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in hospitalized hypertensive pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in the Pregnancy Pathology Ward, City Hospital in Gdynia in 2002-2004. Pregnant women at > or = 20 weeks with hypertension (blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg) with proteinuria at initial urine examination were evaluated. A protein-to-creatinine ratio was obtained from first voided urine sample next morning and then urine was collected for next 24 hours for measurement of protein excretion. RESULTS: 44 women were evaluated. A total of 56 cases of the 24-hour urine collection were analyzed. There is a close correlation between the protein-to-creatinine ratio in random urine samples and the 24-hour protein excretion measured by 24-hour urine collection. Pearson correlation coefficient R=0,85 (P<0,001, R2= 0,73). A protein-to-creatinine ratio < 0,2 (g/g) can rule out significant proteinuria (defined as 24-hour urinary protein excretion > 300 mg) with sensitivity 92,0%, specificity 90,32%, positive predictive value 88,46%, negative predictive value 93,33%. CONCLUSIONS: The protein-to-creatinine ratio of a single urine sample correlate with the 24-hour urine protein excretion. A protein-to-creatinine ratio < 0,2 (g/g) can rule out significant proteinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of fruit and vegetable intake on skin carotenoid detected by non-invasive Raman spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies found the inverse correlation between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, various cancers, insulin resistance, and other chronic conditions. Skin carotenoid levels are highly correlated with serum levels; however, the direct measurement of skin carotenoids is difficult to perform. Raman spectroscopy has been described as a highly sensitive, specific and accurate method of skin carotenoid detection. OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and skin carotenoid levels measured by Raman spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in the present study. Demographic data and fruit and vegetable intake were recorded. Skin carotenoid levels were measured by Raman spectroscopy and were reported as Skin Carotenoid Score (SCS). The data were compared and were reported as 3 groups based on the amounts of fruit and vegetable intake. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of age, body weight, height and body mass index among the groups. Mean skin carotenoid score of low fruit and vegetable intake (25,733 +/- 2,956) was significantly lower than SCS of moderate intake (31,333 +/- 4,792, p = 0.03) and high fruit and vegetable intake (35,125 +/- 6,081, p < 0.01). Mean SCS of underweight participants (29,250 +/- 4,621) was not significantly different from normal (33,384 +/- 6,614) and overweight participants (27,575 +/- 3,811), p = 0.06. CONCLUSION: Using Raman spectroscopy, the authors found that skin carotenoid levels were directly correlated with the degree of fruit and vegetable intakes. We suggest that Raman spectroscopy should be possible to replace the invasive chemical technique for the dermatologic carotenoid measurement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of helicobacter pylori in dental plaque in patients with gastritis at "Angamos" clinic].

OBJECTIVE: Detect the presence of (Helicobacter pylori) in dental plaque among patients with gastritis diagnosed by biopsy at Angamos Surquillo Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS TYPE OF STUDY: Analytical Observation. POPULATION: 115 patients scheduled for endoscopy at the Gastroenterological Department of said hospital. The methodology employed for the biopsy of the antrum and fundus of the stomach was by means of a gastroscope. Once the sample was collected it was processed and stained with hematoxilin-eosin for the histological diagnosis of gastritis by observation of Helicobacter pylori. Dental plaque samples were obtained by scraping the supragingival area and were transported in a conservation medium for culture of the bacteria in a selective medium and incubated in microaerophilia for 5 to 10 days;suspected colonies were stained and compared to a patron strain. Urease and oxidase tests confirmed the diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 66 cases of gastritis associated with H.p. were found by biopsy. In 4 of these cases, H.p from dental plaque were also isolated. In another group of 49 fases of gastritis not associated with H.p., no H.p. was found in the dental plaque of 45 of these cases while H.p. was isolated from dental plaque in 4 clases. CONCLUSION: The results show a direct relation between the cases of gastritis and the finding of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque, which would indicate a relation between the patients and the bacteria in these cases, as they act as a reservoir for said bacteria; as compared with the cases in which there is no H.p presence in gastritis without Helicobacter, except in four cases. The cases of gastritis with Helicobacter pylori and negative dental plaque are not significant, in these cases the bacteria entered with the food.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[A study on atrioventricular annular movement in healthy children by tissue Doppler imaging].

OBJECTIVE: Detecting the atrioventricular annular velocity along the long axis of ventricle by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a useful modality to quantitatively assess global myocardial function. The present study was designed to quantitatively assess ventricular function in healthy children by TDI and to evaluate the clinical effect of growth and echocardiographic parameters on TDI velocities during childhood. METHODS: The study enrolled 242 healthy children aged 3 days to 17 years and they were divided into 8 groups: < 1 month of age group (37 cases), 1 month-of age group (28 cases), 7 months-of age group (21 cases), 1 year-of age group (36 cases), 4 years-of age group (40 cases), 7 years-of age group (26 cases), 10 years-of age group (28 cases) and > or = 13 years of age group (26 cases). Pulsed wave TDI velocities were obtained at the lateral mitral annulus (MA-L), basal septum (MA-S) and lateral tricuspid annulus (TA) during ventricular systole (Sa), early diastole (Ea) and late diastole (Aa), and Ea/Aa and E/Ea were obtained. Conventional echocardiography performed done and the parameters of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the transmitral and transtricuspid flow E wave and A wave velocities and E/A ratio were obtained. TDI parameters were compared with demographic and echocardiographic variables. RESULTS: Sa, Ea and Ea/Aa were the lowest in children < 1 month of age [MA-L: Sa (4.8 +/- 0.7) cm/s, Ea (6.6 +/- 1.1) cm/s; MA-S: Sa (4.1 +/- 0.6) cm/s, Ea (5.0 +/- 0.8) cm/s; TA: Sa (6.2 +/- 1.2) cm/s, Ea (6.4 +/- 1.0) cm/s], and increased with age. The increase was significant from 1 month- to 1 year-of age group 1 year-of age group: MA-L: Sa (8.5 +/- 2.0) cm/s, Ea (16.3 +/- 2.6) cm/s; MA-S: Sa (7.2 +/- 0.8) cm/s, Ea (12.2 +/- 1.6) cm/s; TA: Sa (12.6 +/- 2.3) cm/s, Ea (14.7 +/- 2.6) cm/s. Ea and Sa of TA reached the older children's value earlier than those of the mitral annulus did. Aa increased in the 1 month-of age group compared to < 1 month of age group and remained stable beyond 1 year-of age group. Mitral annulus E/Ea ratio was high among neonates to 7-months-old children (MA-L: 9.2 +/- 2.1, MA-S: 12.1 +/- 2.9), and decreased with age, and there was a significant decrease in 1 year-of age group (MA-L: 5.9 +/- 1.2, MA-S: 7.8 +/- 1.3). In these healthy children, all the above TDI parameters except Aa were influenced by age, body surface area (BSA), LVEDD and heart rate. The influence of age and BSA showed a logarithm model. LVEDD was the main factor that influenced Sa and Ea of MA-L and MA-S, and it was the only single factor that influenced E/Ea ratio at mitral annulus. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the left and right ventricular function developed with age in childhood, and it developed most rapidly during infancy and toddler period. The right ventricular function matured earlier than that of the left ventricle. Cardiac growth, age, and heart rate had important clinical effects on TDI velocities during childhood, and LVEDD had the most important influence on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Morphological diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in patients with tuberculosis of the lungs].

A morphofunctional insufficiency of the bronchial epithelium which is a pathognomonic symptom of chronic bronchitis, was examined in 105 biopsy specimens of the bronchial mucosa of patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis by morphometry. It was found that epithelial changes typical of chronic bronchitis, were observed in 100% of the cases. However, 64.76% of the patients had Stages I and II morphofunctional insufficiency, which corresponded to the presence of chronic nonobstructive bronchitis. The epithelial changes traced in the remaining observations were characteristic of chronic obstructive bronchitis. The presence and the extent of morphofunctional insufficiency were not associated with the form of tuberculosis. The examination of biopsy specimens of the bronchial mucosa taken in the vicinity of the upper bronchus spur is considered to be an adequate and sufficient method of an objective detection of chronic bronchitis in tuberculosis.

Bronchitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The significance of extra-articular manifestations for the differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases in children].

Musculoskeletal complaints comprise about 7% of all pediatric office visits. The differential diagnosis of these complaints is very extensive. A great diagnostic aid offer quality, distribution and temporal course of the pain of joints, bone and muscles, of an objectively detectable arthritis, and especially of the numerous manifestations of other organ systems: Constitutional signs, fever, skin, mucous membranes, eyes, nervous system, heart, vasculature, lungs, digestive system and urogenital system. Combinations of these often early manifestations are crucial to determine the disease category, which is urgent for further diagnostic measures and for therapy: Bacterial, rheumatic, collagen-vascular, traumatic, orthopedic, and neoplastic disease. They are as important for making the final diagnosis and for the early recognition of later manifestations and complications. To achieve an optimal diagnostic efficiency, laboratory investigations should be carefully selected according to the clinical findings and diagnoses. A few regular investigations are valuable for the assessment of disease activity and therapy, and others for the early detection of initially asymptomatic manifestations.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of color pattern VECP in deutan].

Using an Equi-Energy-Color Pattern Generator, color vision experiments were performed on nine normal subjects, six cases of deuteranomalies, and six cases of deuteranopias with the use of Visually-evoked cortical potentials (VECPs). Checkerboard patterns, consisting of the pairing of any chosen one of three colors with its complementary color in terms of equal energy, were used. The pairing of a neutral color with its complementary color of protan, deutan and tritan were displayed on a color TV monitor. We measured the amplitude and latency of P100 component of VECPs. Cases of deuteranopia showed significantly smaller amplitude and longer latency of P100 component in protan and deutan responses than did normal subjects. Cases of deuteramomaly showed significantly smaller amplitude and longer latency of P100 component in only protan response compared to those of normal subjects. It was possible to objectively detect the deutan in color pattern VECPs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Studies on the incidence and possibility of collective treatment of certain non-occlusal parafunctions in elementary school children].

A study was carried out on the incidence and possibility of collective treatment of non-occlusal parafunctions in 216 elementary school children aged 7-14 years. Two objectively detectable non-occlusal parafunctions were analysed: nail-biting and pencil-biting. The study included four meetings during which the fingernails and pencils were inspected in all children and a talk was given, explaining the harmfulness of motor habits in the masticatory system, and the children with these habits were told to replace them with other non-harmful movements as habits. Among 216 children 131 (60.6%) had such non-occlusal parafunctions with nail-biting in 51.9% of them, and pencil-biting in 31%. In 22.2% both habits were found. During the third control visit the overall incidence of both parafunctions was found to be decreased, from 60.6% to 37.9%. Elimination of nail-biting was obtained in 37.5% of cases, and pencil-biting in 64.2%, with the proportions of treated children varying in various classes. The study showed that nail-biting and pencil-biting are widely spread habits in the studied population and that collective treatment of these parafunctions is possible.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

[Quantitation of regional left ventricular wall motion by curvature: two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis].

Echocardiographically abnormal regional configuration of the left ventricle is one of the clues in detecting asynergy of the left ventricular wall. For the quantitative assessment, regional left ventricular configuration was expressed quantitatively using a new index, relative curvature. To obtain the end-systolic curvature, end-systolic echocardiograms were digitized and divided into eight segments. Then end-systolic curvature was determined as the reciprocal of the circumradius of a triangle determined by three consecutive dividing points. Relative curvature was defined as the product of end-systolic curvature multiplied by end-diastolic circumference. To assess the accuracy of quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular wall motion by relative curvature, short-axis images of the left ventricle at the level of the chordae tendineae were analyzed in 20 patients with myocardial infarction and 20 normal subjects by three different indices: segmental area change using a fixed reference system, segmental wall thickness change, and relative curvature. Groups of 10 patients with anteroseptal infarction, 10 patients with inferoposterior infarction, and 10 normal subjects could be differentiated from each other by these three indices. With the 95 per cent confidence intervals obtained from 10 other normal subjects, asynergic segments were detected objectively. By segmental area change, the sensitivity was 100 per cent and the specificity was 90 per cent on the anterior wall; the sensitivity was 90 per cent and the specificity was 95 per cent on the posterior wall. By segmental wall thickness change, the sensitivity was 70 per cent and the specificity was 75 per cent on the anterior wall; and those were 80 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively, on the posterior wall. By relative curvature, the sensitivity was 100 per cent and the specificity was 85 per cent on the anterior wall; and those were 90 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively, on the posterior wall. It was concluded that left ventricular regional contraction could be assessed quantitatively by relative curvature which quantitatively expresses regional left ventricular configuration. This index is independent of any reference systems, so it is expected to be used for quantitative analysis of regional wall motion, even though the cardiac motion within the thorax is not disregarded.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Spatial aspects of electrolocation in the mormyrid fish, Gnathonemus petersii.

The range of electrolocation in the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii, was determined for plastic and aluminium cubes. A characteristic change in the fish's EOD activity, and abrupt change to more uniform EOD intervals (regularization), was used as the criterion for object detection. The average response distances extending laterally from the fish's longitudinal axis were significantly different (p less than 0.05) for the aluminium cube (5.4 cm) and the plastic cube (7.0 cm).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Blood glucose concentrations and glycosuria during and after one year of acarbose therapy.

Type-I and type-II diabetics receiving antidiabetic therapy, comprising of diet, or diet plus sulphonylureas or insulin, were additionally treated with acarbose for a period of 12 months in an open, multi-centre study carried out under general practice conditions. This was followed by an observation period without acarbose. After 3 months on acarbose, the mean fasting and post-prandial blood glucose concentrations were 30 and 40 mg/dl, respectively, lower, thereafter remaining virtually unchanged up to the end of treatment. After withdrawal of acarbose the mean blood glucose values rose to their pretreatment levels, except in patients with proven poor acarbose compliance. All three treatment subgroups mentioned above showed the same pattern of glucose reduction. The mean blood glucose values of patients previously treated by dietary measures alone fell under acarbose therapy below the upper limit of normal. The percentage of glycosuric patients in the above subgroups was halved under acarbose and rose after discontinuation of acarbose approximately to the initial numbers. The number of patients with blood-glucose control classified as "good" rose fourfold during the acarbose treatment. In the course of the trial acarbose had to be discontinued due to intestinal side effects in only 5% of the patients. Frequency and intensity of the intestinal symptoms related to increased bacterial carbohydrate cleavage (flatulence, meteorism, occasionally diarrhoea), decreased during treatment. Other subjective complaints or side effects were neither reported nor could be detected objectively.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1981

Trials with the cerviscan experimental prescreening device on polylysine-prepared slides.

A blind trial was carried out to evaluate the performance of the Cerviscan experimental automated cytology prescreening system on cervical scrape specimens prepared by a suspension-polylysine-hematoxylin preparation method. One hundred twenty-nine specimens of various cytologic gradings were automatically scanned, and objects detected as "suspect" were examined and classified. The overall results of the trial showed a false-negative specimen rate of 4% and a false-positive specimen rate of 18%. The mean number of false-positive signals from normal specimens was 24 per 20,000-cell sample. Major problems were the number of false-positive signals caused by the hematoxylin stain and the number of specimens rejected as inadequate by the scanner. A random partition test was carried out to estimate the ROC performance curve for the system.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1993

Knowledge-guided segmentation of colorectal histopathologic imagery.

Scene segmentation in images of sections of colorectal glands is guided by a knowledge-based system. The construction of the knowledge file, processing sequences and computation of a crowding index for adenomatous glands are described. The histologic sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and the image segmentation was difficult. The knowledge-based system has to determine, on the basis of context and logic, which detected object groups belong to which histologic components. Image segmentation was followed by a reconstruction process. Acceptable segmentation was attained in approximately 85% of the glands processed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Neurohumoral relations in neurological and psychiatric patients.

Sixteen patients-epileptics, alcoholics, psychotics and post-contusion cases-were subjected to neurological, psychiatric, psychological, morphological (X-ray, CT, NMR), physiological (EEG, polysomnography, evoked potentials), immunological and SPECT examination. Most had CT and SPECT signs of focal brain damage. The results were but exceptionally due to injury, most were of unknown etiology. This tallied with EEG focal abnormalities, mainly sleep disorders, sometimes subjective ones, but invariably detectable objectively. In each case there was REM, in some also NONREM sleep deficiency. Half of the cases were tested immunologically, each time with positive results: increased levels of acute-phase protein and stress-reaction proteins. As copious literature and our experience show, the above pathological condition, rather than being accidental, constitute regardless of etiology, an integrated entity which could be called "programme cerebropathy". The primary role is played there by the epileptic focus and its properties, in particular, the speed of discharge and localization and brain stem humoroergic systems, i.e., their performance and mutual balance. There is a program sequence of events, first, and epileptic focus acting on the neighborhood, the rise of secondary and tertiary foci, and influence over the thalamocortical system. Soon afterwards, epileptic activity begins to act on brain-stem structures. This results in changes in sleep, mood, psychic output, immunity, endosecretion, and in paroxysms.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional head kinematics and cervical range of motion in the diagnosis of patients with neck trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To create a statistical model using three-dimensional (3D) head kinematics and range of motion (ROM) to distinguish between people with whiplash syndrome and asymptomatic controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study to estimate validity of diagnostic measures. METHODS: Fifty-one asymptomatic controls (most of whom were women), 18-35 yr old and 30 matched whiplash trauma patients seeking care from suburban outpatient clinics were sought. 3D kinematic parameters of head motion were obtained during tracking tasks (e.g., flexion, extension, etc.) and cervical ROM was measured via a head mounted inclinometer. Their level of pain and disability was assessed via a self-administered neck disability index questionnaire and visual analog pain scale (VAS). RESULTS: A scoring system of biomechanical abnormalities derived from the vertical piercing point, its second derivative and symmetry during oblique tasks. The scores ranged from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 3. A cutoff of > or = 0.5 correctly identified the greatest number of subjects and minimized false positives (sensitivity 77%, specificity 82%, likelihood ratio 4.5). ROM performed similarly well at a cutoff of 1 SD below the normative mean (sensitivity 77%, specificity 84%, likelihood ratio 3.9). CONCLUSIONS: There is potential for biomechanical analysis to objectively detect abnormalities. The statistical model yielded moderate to high sensitivity and specificity using 3D helical-axis parameters of the head and standard ROM. The model development will continue via this process in future studies. These data could be a first step toward the creation of useful, noninvasive protocols for the diagnosis and management of soft tissue trauma of the neck.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Quality control of mammography: potential use of a new device for testing the image quality and the dose].

The authors tested a new equipment containing a phantom to check quality mammographic image and an electronic instrument to measure incident radiation (Phan-EX). The phantom contains objects which have similar characteristics to the details of diagnostic interest and allows an easy and accurate estimation of image quality on the basis of the number of objects detected. The radiation detector, consisting of a solid state photodiode, provides an integer proportional to the input exposure. The results obtained highlighted a good reproducibility of instrument output and a good relationship between these values and the exposure ones obtained with a much more expensive ionization chamber. The device response was linear in varying both the anodic exposure (mAs) and the x-ray tube voltage (varying the energy, the calibration factor varied only by a small percent). The authors conclude that the Phan-EX may be useful for quality assurance of the mammographic unit. Furthermore, they suggest some of its practical applications: daily tests of qualitative of the mammographic unit and the treatment system performance, control of the automatic exposure probe, choice and optimization of exposure and treatment of the film parameters, the determination of the output of the x-ray tube, the evaluation of the sensitivity of different screen/film systems.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1997

Screening for colorectal cancer. A comparison of 3 fecal occult blood tests.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Fecal occult blood testing has become a standard screening test for large-bowel cancers in the average asymptomatic population. Performance characteristics of the test and physician and participant compliance are the 2 major elements that impact the success of screening and early detection. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nonhydrated Hemoccult, rehydrated Hemoccult, and Hemoccult SENSA tests (SmithKline Diagnostics Inc, Palo Alto, Calif) and to assess participant and physician compliance. METHODS: A mass community-based screening study in an urban setting. Kits were distributed by a local pharmacy and at community sites. Diagnostic tests were completed through physicians' offices and clinics. Participants were asymptomatic and aged 50 years or older. Those who tested positive were advised to follow up with a physician. RESULTS: An overall positivity rate of 16% was reported for the 8293 kits that were processed. Rehydrated Hemoccult had a positivity rate of 15%; Hemoccult SENSA, 7%; and nonhydrated Hemoccult, 5%. The positive predictive value of nonhydrated Hemoccult was 14%; rehydrated Hemoccult, 7%; and Hemoccult SENSA, 11%. Of those who tested positive, 59% had a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium enema examination on follow-up. Recommended follow-up was more frequent for those who consulted a gastroenterologist. CONCLUSIONS: Rehydrated Hemoccult yielded a higher positivity rate and lower positive predictive value than either Hemoccult SENSA or nonhydrated Hemoccult. Hemoccult SENSA approached the positive predictive value of nonhydrated Hemoccult. Adequacy of follow-up of patients testing positive for fecal occult blood needs improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Principles of creating software and equipment for automating the workplace of laboratory physician].

Automation of laboratory tests is a pressing problem of today, for examinations of the hemopoietic system is a priority in the diagnosis of the majority of diseases and in detecting the effects of unfavorable ecological factors on man; in addition, laboratory studies are time- and labor-consuming. A system "Automated Work Place of a Laboratory Physician" has been developed, which permits automated scanning of a routinely stained blood smear with automated focussing on the detected objects. A preset number of objects is filed in the archive for further identification by a morphologist. The results can be stored in the information database for each patient and be transferred through telecommunication network. The system includes a computer hypertext Blood Atlas.

Automation↗