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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Treatment of chronic childhood asthma with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols: II. Effect on pituitary-adrenal function after substitution for oral corticosteroids.

The effects of beclomethasone, dipropionate aerosol (DBA) (400 microgram/day) on clinical course, pulmonary function, and pituitary-adrenal function was studied in 34 steroid-dependent asthmatic children. Asthma severity was assessed by daily symptom and medication scores, peak flow measured three times a day, and weekly spirometry. Pituitary-adrenal function was evaluated by diurnal cortisol levels, cortisol responses to intravenous (IV) corticotropin (ACTH), and steroid responses to IV metyrapone. After 12 weeks of BDA therapy, 30 of 34 patients no longer required prednisone. Mean weekly symptom and medication scores and the number of attacks decreased significantly (P less than .01)). A significant improvement was demonstrated in the patients' peak flow (P less than .01), forced expiratory volume in one second, and maximum midexpiratory flow rates (P less than .01). Thirty of the 34 patients initially had abnormal metyrapone responses, 28 had abnormal diurnal cortisol levels, whereas only 14 had abnormal IV ACTH response tests. Although significant improvement was noted in the mean metyrapone and diurnal cortisol tests, only partial recovery of pituitary-adrenal function was observed in 20 patients, complete recovery in 5, and no change in 9. BDA was found to be therapeutically superior to oral steroids in the group of steroid-dependent asthmatic children and produced no serious adverse effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Lung function in adolescents receiving high-dose methotrexate.

Methotrexate (MTX) has been implicated as a cause of interstitial pneumonitis and/or fibrosis, but the mechanism by which the drug causes these processes is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients receiving high-dose MTX developed a consistent decrease in pulmonary function, which would implicate a role for total dose of MTX received in the pathogenesis of the lung toxicity. Pulmonary function studies, including spirometry, plethysmography, and diffusing capacity at two levels of alveolar PO2, were performed in 38 adolescents treated for osteogenic sarcoma. The patients were divided into three groups including 12 patients (group 1) studied before and during therapy, 15 patients (group 2) studied during therapy, and 11 patients (group 3) studied after completion of treatment. While total dose received at the time of the study varied from 0 to 256 gm/sq m, pulmonary function showed no change, with one exception. A mild restrictive defect and decrease in diffusing capacity due to unilateral pleural and diaphragmatic disease, whose relationship to MTX therapy is uncertain, developed in one patient. MTX, when administered in high dose to young patients by the described protocol, causes no dose-related decrease in pulmonary function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Presurgical determination of lung function in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma].

90 out of 202 lung cancer patients hospitalized for preoperative investigations were scheduled for radical surgery. 15 patients were not operated on because of insufficient lung function data. The operation was performed in 75 patients. The complication rate was 11% and mortality 8%. 7 out of 8 patients who subsequently developed severe complications had fulfilled the criteria for lung resection only after intensive antibronchitic treatment. Nearly all the survivors showed the predicted preoperative minimal lung function values after the operation. The limit of 1000 ml for postoperative FEV1 is justified, since patients with these or larger functional reserves nearly all had a favourable early and late postoperative course, and also because lung function values continuously deteriorate in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of 99mTc and 131I scans in thyroid function studies.

Thyroid function was studied in 170 patients, using technetium-99m (99Tc) and oral radio-iodine (131I); 110 patients had normal thyroid function, and 60 had hyperthyroidism. The 20-minute 99mTc uptake gave an accurate assessment of thyroid function in 95% of patients, and the 24-hour 131I uptake was accurate in 92%. One hundred 99mTc and 131I scintiscans were compared by 3 observers. Scans obtained with each isotope were of comparable quality, and in only 1 patient were both scans of poor quality. 99mTc is as good as 131I for assessing thyroid function and morphology, but has several advantages over 131I.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

[Long term renal function following acute failure in the newborn (author's transl)].

A long-term follow-up study of 27 survivors of acute renal failure in newborns was performed. A study of the evolution of renal function was possible in 20 cases, with follow-up periods ranging from 15 to 62 months (mean follow-up: 38 months). Renal function was determined by assessing glomerular filtration rate, free-water reabsorption, tubular reabsorption of phosphate and acidification ability. Results show a marked difference, according to the etiology of the acuete renal failure, between the two groups studied: 1) Most of those displaying renal failure following neonatal hipoxia, maintained persistent nephrological sequels. II) Parameters of renal function normalized between 6 and 12 months of age in those in which renal failure was related to hypovolemic shock, caused by hypertonic dehydration. Of the six patients with acute renal failure caused by neonatal hypoxia and shock (group 1), only one displayed normal renal function after 17 months. In the remaining fire patients, glomerular filtration rate continued to decrease even after three years. Three of them displayed urinary acidification disorders. An alteration in free-water reabsorption was found in the majority of the patients in both groups during the first year. This alteration persisted after three years in only four patients of group 1, although in relation to decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Further observations on modelling of the cardiovascular function in the electrical model.

In 1976 the fourth type of the electrical model of the cardiovascular function was constructed, showing formal and electronic changes: inverting system, hysteresis comparator (for the valve function), simulation of the insufficiency and the stenosis of the valves. The analog values were established but they are not yet definitive. The important values are: pressure 100 mm Hg = 100mV; flow 100 ml/sec = 137 microA. The action of the heart is given by changing capacity; the contractility is characterized by systolic capacity (CS). The diastolic capacity (CD) is not yet variable (CD = 4,000 microF) and consequently the diastolic pressure is always near to zero. The pressure curves of the left ventricle and of the aorta of cardiac patients with aortic valve disease were simulated. For comparison purposes only two clinical records and electrical model simulation records are given in this paper. In the patients (only aortic stenosis is given here) left heart catheterization was carried out. A case of coronary heart disease is also shown. The curves (simulated) are satisfactory and reflect the events in the compression chamber. The values of the parameters, which were used in the stimulation, represent the analysis of the clinical curves and a functional characterization of the situation. Besides these simulations the effect of valve changes on the pressure in the left ventricle, aorta and large arteries was also studied. With the aim of extending the integrative view of the use of the electrical model, an attempt of comparing the time course of capacity changes and the time course of inner surface changes of the left ventricle was made. The cinecardioangiographic data, obtained in an invasive way, were used for the purpose of obtaining the inner surface of the left ventricle. From pressure and surface data the cardiac forces (isometric, average and also total force per minute) were calculated and compared with the normal state, taken from the literature. The total force per minute includes the sum of systolic durations per minute and characterizes the energy expenses of the heart. Further data must be obtained by different cardiographic techniques in order to obtain a solid basis for the use of indirect methods, where the electrical model would be helpful as a noninvasive integrative tool in the assessment of the cardiovascular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of the continuous transcutaneous PO2 measurement in lung function tests.

Continuous measurements of transcutaneous PO2 are of interest in pulmonary function tests by which dynamic processes of pulmonary gas exchange are examined. The aim of the present study is to clarify the question of whether the transition function of transcutaneous PO2 after a step change of inspiratory oxygen concentration could give information about pulmonary gas exchange. In 8 healthy volunteers and 31 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of various degrees the half-value mixing times of transcutaneous PO2 were correlated with parameters of respiratory mechanics and pulmonary gas exchange. In spite of a damping of rapid changes of arterial PO2 by the transcutaneous measurement, there were significant correlations of the mixing times with physiologic right-to-left shunt; with physiologic dead space, alveolar ventilation, and blood gases; and with the parameters of lung overinflation and airway obstruction. There was a significant correlation with the age of the subjects, too. This had to be attributed mainly to an increase in severity of lung function disturbances with advancing age. Aging of the skin seemed to have a minor influence. According to these results, the transition function of transcutaneous PO2 after a step change of inspiratory oxygen concentration is determined mainly by the alveolar ventilation and the ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity. This paper describes a short test that only takes some minutes of oxygen breathing and that has nearly the same diagnostic value as the measurement of the half-value mixing time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The character of functional connections in the endocrine system of female white rats and their transformation with age].

The authors studied the functional interrelations between the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland of female albino rats of various age groups. Blood content of 11-oxycorticosteroids and protein-bound iodine was determined. Analogous determinations were carried out in partial exclusion of the adrenal gland function (metapyron block) and of the thyroid gland function (6-methyluracil block). It is supposed that in the young sexually-mature female albino rats the functions of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland were in direct relationship irrespective of the cyclic variations in the sex steroid secretion; with the advance of age this association became deranged.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1978

Monocular performance of functional amblyopes: another look at the scotoma hypothesis.

The traditional scotoma hypothesis for functional amblyopia is modified to state: whereas the central visual field of a normal visual system and that of an organic amblyope become increasingly scotomatous as light level is decreased from high to low photopic levels, the reverse is true for the central field of a functionally amblyopic visual system. An attempt is made to show how this hypothesis provides a unifying explanation for several seemingly different visual performances observed in functional amblyopes. The paper deals with (1) field inhomogeneities and threshold measures, and (2) threshold changes with light adaptation level. Implications of the modified scotoma hypothesis are discussed for (1) the neutral-density-filter test to distinguish functional from organic amblyopia, (2) the reduced CFF threshold for amblyopic eyes, (3) expectations of stereopsis for amblyopes, and (4) possible mechanisms for amblyopia.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1978

[Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)].

Functional disroders are the most important cause for complaints in the gastrointestinal tract. Dysfunction may concern one or more physiologic properties like tonus, motility, secretion, sometimes also resorption and digestion, or their interaction. Functional disorders of the esophagus (esophagospasm and achalasia) become manifest as dysphagia. Halitosis, bad taste, burning tongue, and flatulent abdomen are frequent symptoms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Irritable bowel syndrome is probably the functional disorder most freqently found in the gastrointestinal tract. Characteristic symptoms are pain in the lower and upper middle abdominal region, obstipation and/or diarrhea, flatulent abdomen, mucous discharge with the stools and urgent defecation with cramps relieved after discharge. Prognosis quoad vitam is good, the course, however, is subject to many changes. Therapie is symptomatic. Diagnostic and psychotherapeutic measures are intended to help remove carcinophobia and to overcome conflicts and fears.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Perbronchial lung biopsy and respiratory function tests].

27 patients with diffuse pulmonary disease according to X-ray findings were examined by lung function and perbronchial lung biopsy. The lung function tests are compared with the extent of impairment of lung function expected according to lung specimen obtained by perbronchial biopsy. It is shown that lung function is a good indicator if the lung specimen is representative for the disease, and that the results of perbronchial biopsy mostly are representing the disease. The use of perbronchial biopsy is discussed and shown in some cases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

The effect of Org GC 94 on thrombocyte function, blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system in man.

The effect of a 14 day treatment with Org GC 94 in rising dosage to a maximum of 45 mg/day on thrombocyte function, blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system was investigated in 16 healthy volunteers in a double-blind comparative trial with placebo. At the same time the influence on some liver function tests and on the general condition of the subjects was followed. Analysis of the data obtained in tests pertaining to platelet function, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and liver function did not indicate unwanted or harmful effects of Org GC 94. No significant difference in effect between Org GC 94 and placebo was detectable. The general physical condition including appetite and body weight was not affected by Org GC 94. A mild, transient sedative effect of the maximum dose of Org GC 94 is likely and some influence upon concentration (decrease) and mood (indifference or elevation) in some subjects cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Thioacetamide-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Involvement of the mixed-function oxidase enzyme system.

Metabolic activation of thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) to a toxic metabolite which is responsible for its hepatotoxicity and/or its carcinogenicity has been proposed by a number of investigators. In this investigation thioacetamide and one of its metabolites, thioacetamide sulfine (CH3CSONH2), have been compared for their ability to inhibit hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes as well as their ability to induce hepatic necrosis. Thioacetamide sulfine was found to decrease aminopyrine N-demethylation and aniline hydroxylation at a lower dose and at an earlier time after administration than was the case with thioacetamide. In addition, at all doses examined, thioacetamide sulfine produced a more severe centrilobular hepatic necrosis than equivalent doses of thioacetamide. To determine whether the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system was involved in the biotransformation of thioacetamide and/or thioacetamide sulfine to a hepatotoxic compound(s), the severity of liver damage was examined after the administration of an inducer or inhibitors of hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme activity. Phenobarbital pretreatment potentiated the hepatic necrosis produced by both thioacetamide and thioacetamide sulfine. In contrast, pyrazole, SKF 525-A, and cobaltous chloride protected against the hepatic necrosis caused by thioacetamide and thioacetamide sulfine. These data suggest that both thioacetamide and thioacetamide sulfine are activated by hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes to a hepatotoxic compound(s). These data also suggest that the hepatotoxicity may be mediated by its metabolism to thioacetamide sulfine which, in turn, is metabolized to an ultimate toxic metabolite.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1977

The effect of decreased renal function with and without reduction in renal mass on 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol production in rats.

Decreased production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) by the kidney may be responsible for vitamin D resistance in renal failure and contribute to renal osteodystrophy. The present studies investigate the effect of reduced renal mass and reduced renal function on conversion of 3H-25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 in vitamin D-deficient rats. Renal mass was reduced by partial or total nephrectomy. Renal function was reduced by ureteral ligation. At comparable degrees of renal function, reducing renal mass decreased 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation approximately proportional to the amount of renal tissue removed. Ureteral ligation without reduction of renal mass also reduced production within the first 24 hours. This may have been caused by the marked hyperphosphatemia which occurred with ureteral ligation. When partial nephrectomy and ureteral ligation were done together the results were additive. The decreased 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation produced by unilateral nephrectomy was not improved 4 weeks after surgery, although renal function had returned to normal.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of pituitary function.

Sellar and parasellar tumours comprise 10-15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Neurologists will this often be faced with the problem of assessing pituitary function. A thorough clinical examination is of the foremost importance. In addition a small number of simple and rapid tests is required. Knowledge of the physiological variation in pituitary function is, however, necessary to allow a safe interpretation of the results. A simple routine procedure for assessing pituitary function is proposed.

Gonadal Steroid Hormones↗
PubMed1979

1-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in the management of premenopausal patients with primary breast cancer: lack of association of disease-free survival with depression of ovarian function. National Surgical Adjuvant Project for Breast and Bowel Cancers.

Breast cancer patients participating in a prospective randomized clinical trial who were less than or equal to 49 years of age, had positive axillary nodes, and who received prolonged 1-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) as an adjuvant to mastectomy continue (after 4 years) to demonstrate a significantly greater disease-free survival (p = .007) than do patients who received placebo. Benefit was achieved in patients who were less than or equal to 39 years as well as those who were 40-49 years of age. Those in the younger age group showed a greater improvement in disease-free survival at 4 years relative to their controls (32% vs. 69%; p = .01) than did those in the older age group (48% vs. 61%; p = .09). When patients were examined relative to their nodal status, a highly favorable effect was found to have been achieved with L-PAM in those with 1-3 positive nodes (54% vs. 86%; p = .006). Results indicate that both age groups were benefited. When considered over time, they demonstrate that a relatively greater effect was achieved in the younger women. While L-PAM failed to significantly alter the disease-free survival of those with greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes a slightly better effect was achieved in the group less than or equal to 39 years. Since adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be more effective in premenopausal than postmenopausal women, it has been presumed that decreased ovarian function, as a result of the chemotherapy, is responsible for the findings. To support or repudiate that concept, information regarding serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2), as well as menstrual function, has been obtained from women receiving L-PAM or L-PAM plus 5-FU therapy. In contrast to findings relative to disease-free survival, ovarian function and menses were most affected in patients 40-49 years of age. Amenorrhea occurred in 73% of patients in that age group and in only 22% of those less than or equal to 39 years (p less than .001). Similarly, a significant increase in LH and FSH and a decrease in E2, all indicative of ovarian suppression, was observed only in the older group of patients. Thus, it is concluded that while ovarian suppression may account for some of the adjuvant chemotherapeutic effect in premenopausal women, the dichotomy of findings in younger and older premenopausal women relative to therapeutic response and ovarian function indicates that other factors could be responsible.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Predicting pain treatment results by personality variables in organic and functional patients.

Recent literature has suggested that the traditional dichotomy of organic vs. functional classification for pain patients is unimportant in determining the role of personality variables in predicting treatment outcome. The present study examined the role of MMPI variables in predicting treatment outcome in pain patients with definitive physical disorders (N = 58) (organic) and in patients without definitive physical findings (N = 46) (functional). In the organic group, the presence of high Hs was associated with poor outcome, while in the functional group K scores were associated with poor outcome. Results suggested that although personality variables played an equal role in both groups, the nature of that contribution may vary in the functional and organic groups.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1976

Functional anatomy of the hands of fur seals and sea lions.

Dissections and manipulations of the hands of 14 specimens of four genera of fur seals and sea lions and of generalized fissiped carnivores were used to identify the structural modifications involved in formation of the expanded forelimb paddles characteristic of these pinnipeds. The morphological peculiarities were then correlated with differences in locomotor function, both on land and in the water, on the basis of previously published data, for the purpose of identifying modifications of structure and function which have adaptive vale. Structural differences found in the manus of fur seals and sea lions include: (1) reduction in size of the ulnar side of the carpus and a radial shift in the length-order of the digits, (2) development of musculature in the antebrachial fascia which attaches to the caudal margin of the flipper, (3) orientation of the radial side of the manus dorsal and radial to the rest of the hand, (4) increased range of possible midcarpal movement and in deviational mobility at the first and fifth digits, (5) attachment of forearm musculature onto radial digits and (6) well-developed hypothenar muscles and absence of thenar muscles. Modifications in hand structure are viewed as providing a morphological basis for employment of the hand to advantage during aquatic locomotion while maintaining thrust-producing and potentially energy-conserving capacities during movement on land. As such these differences in structure and function are viewed as adaptations to locomotion in the water and on land which are extensions of locomotor adaptations attributed to modifications of forelimb structure and function associated with the generation of massive aquatic locomotor thrust. The adaptive value of such modifications is interpreted as allowing fur seals and sea lions to swim with speed and thereby capture elusive fast-swimming prey while maintaining a level of terrestrial locomotor ability compatible with their amphibious mode of life.

Animals↗