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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Why do identical twins differ in personality: shared environment reconsidered.

While heritability studies show that most of the variance in adult personality can be attributed to genetic or so-called nonshared environmental influence, this does not mean that shared events lack importance for the development of later personality differences. We studied the relationship between Big Five personality differences in monozygotic (MZ) twins at age 29, and life stressors at age 6 to 15, using prospective data from 26 MZ pairs studied from birth onwards. A positive significant correlation was found between stressors in childhood and early adolescence, and intrapair personality differences in Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and five-factor profiles. We note that the effects of shared events are labeled "nonshared" environment when the effect is to make siblings more different. Case examples illustrate the relationship between stress and personality differences, and provide hypotheses for further studies in larger samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nonadherence to beta blockers is a big issue with patients post-MI.

Although healthcare organizations have made great strides in boosting prescribing rates for beta blockers in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, (MI) data show that patients are not reaping the full value from these life-saving drugs. The problem is poor medication compliance. Experts maintain that providers and healthcare organizations should now turn their attention to this pressing problem.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Necessary losses?

Hospitals and physician practices may for pricey partners: The median hospital-owned operation looses a sizable $57,000 a year. That number and others--compiled exclusively for H&HN by the Medical Group Management Association--beg big questions about how long hospitals can continue to subsidize unprofitable practices.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

[Breastfeeding support in nine Czech maternity hospitals 1998-1999].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the state of breastfeeding support in prenatal and perinatal care and infant feeding in first 6 months in 6 big cities of Czech Republic in 1998-1999. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multicentre descriptive study of 6 medical schools. SETTING: Centre of Preventive Medicine, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague. METHODS: In the first year of the study (1998), 1104 mothers were interviewed by neonatologists at the discharge from 9 maternity hospitals. After 6 months, 1019 mothers of the same sample were interviewed again by students and staff members of 6 medical schools. Obtained data were analyzed in EpiInfo 6 programme using ANOVA and x2 test. RESULTS: 29 percent of mothers participated in prenatal classes. 70 percent of newborns were put to the breast within two hours after birth. 44 percent of mothers reported problems with breastfeeding in the hospital. 77 percent of mothers appreciated the assistance with breastfeeding in the hospital. Mothers with higher education, living with partner or husband, mothers who participated in prenatal classes, mothers after vaginal labour, mothers whose children were put to the breast within two hours after birth and mothers who did not have problems with breastfeeding in the hospital were breastfeeding fully for significantly longer period. At the discharge from the hospital, 93.5 percent of newborns were fully breastfed. At the end of the 6th month, 23.1 percent of infants were fully breastfed and 29.9 percent of infants were breastfed while receiving complementary food. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding rate at the end of the 6th month of age of infants increased apparently in mothers from 6 big cities of Czech Republic in comparison with national data from 1991.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2001

Post-translational GPI lipid anchor modification of proteins in kingdoms of life: analysis of protein sequence data from complete genomes.

To investigate the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor modification in various taxonomic ranges, potential substrate proteins have been searched for in completely sequenced genomes. We applied the big-pi predictor for the recognition of propeptide cleavage and anchor attachment sites with a new, generalized analytical form of the extreme-value distribution for evaluating false-positive prediction rates. (i) We find that GPI modification is present among lower and higher Eukaryota (approximately 0.5% of all proteins) but it seems absent in all eubacterial and three archaeobacterial species studied. Four other archaean genomes appear to encode such a fraction of substrate proteins (in the range of eukaryots) that they cannot be explained as false-positive predictions. This result supports the possible existence of GPI anchor modification in an archaean subgroup. (ii) The frequency of GPI-modified proteins on various chromosomes of a given eukaryotic species is different. (iii) Lists of potentially GPI-modified proteins in complete genomes with their predicted cleavage sites are available at http://mendel.imp.univie.ac.at/gpi/gpi_genomes.html. (iv) Orthologues of known transamidase subunits have been found only for EUKARYA: Inconsistencies in domain structure among homologues some of which may indicate sequencing errors are described. We present a refined model of the transamidase complex.

Archaea↗
PubMed1978

Big cones and little cones.

To investigate whether the amount of tissue removed at conization could influence the frequency of inadequate excision of cervical atypias, 354 cone specimens were measured. The data indicate that the frequency of lesions incompletely removed at conization increased with decreasing size (ie. length and volume) of the specimen. The parameters influencing the detection of epithelial atypias at the surgical margin of the specimens are discussed. A plea is made for international standardization in reporting results of conization (size of cone and number of sections) in order to permit objective comparison between clinics of the results of the conization procedure.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed2003

Physiologic determinants of endothelin concentrations in human saliva.

BACKGROUND: Salivary endothelin (ET) concentrations have been shown to correlate with disease severity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We undertook the present study to evaluate the stability of salivary ET under different handling conditions to assess its suitability as a biochemical marker in screening, diagnosis, and management of CHF. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals and/or CHF patients, subjected to different handling conditions, and then stored at -80 degrees C until assayed by an ELISA for ET. RESULTS: Salivary ET concentrations showed a time-dependent increase during storage at room temperature. After 72 h of incubation at room temperature, ET increased approximately 2.8-fold (P = 0.03). Simultaneously, salivary big ET showed a time-dependent 11.2-fold decrease (P <0.0001). This activity was blocked by an ET-converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor, suggesting that these changes were attributable to ECE-dependent cleavage of endogenous big ET in saliva. Ex vivo conversion was also observed when samples were stored at 4 degrees C, but the magnitude of these changes was markedly smaller (P <0.0001). Posture also affected salivary ET concentrations in CHF patients. With a change from supine to seated rest, salivary ET concentrations increased 1.5- and 1.8-fold after 20 and 40 min, respectively (P = 0.01). With a return to supine rest, salivary ET concentrations returned to baseline concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that saliva sampling and handling conditions could markedly affect measurement of salivary ET. In particular, care should be taken to minimize ECE-dependent enzymatic conversion of endogenous big ET in saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Early temperament and attachment as predictors of the Five Factor Model of personality.

To increase our understanding of developmental aspects of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, prospective relations from infant temperament and attachment security to the 'Big Five' dimensions of personality in middle childhood were studied in a sample of 85 Swedish middle class children. Combined maternal and paternal temperament ratings at infant age 20 months and Strange Situation attachment to mother at 15 months were used as predictors of mother and teacher ratings of personality at child age 8 - 9 years. Also the A1 - B2 versus B3 - C2 classification grouping was used as a measure of infant negative emotionality. The results showed extraversion/surgency to be the dimension most clearly related to infancy data; it was predicted by both temperament and attachment security. Attachment security also predicted neuroticism and openness. The emotionality shown in the Strange Situation was not related to the 'Big Five'. The results were discussed in terms of approach and anxiety systems and internal working models as foundations for the FFM personality traits.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Persistence of macroprolactinemia due to antiprolactin autoantibody before, during, and after pregnancy in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with marked increases in circulating 150-kDa PRL was studied from before conception, throughout pregnancy, and after pregnancy. The clinical features of the patient included idiopathic hyperprolactinemia without clinical symptoms such as amenorrhea and galactorrhea before pregnancy. No clinical lupus activity was present during follow-up. Serum PRL increase during pregnancy in this patient was considerably higher at weeks 27 and 33 than in normal pregnant women. In contrast, serum-free PRL levels were considerably lower at weeks 20, 27, and 33 than in normal pregnant women. A 150-kDa PRL (big big PRL) species persisted as the predominant circulating form of PRL throughout each measurement in this woman with SLE. In contrast, the predominant form of PRL in serum from healthy pregnant women was little PRL (or monomeric PRL). The nature of big big PRL was due to the presence of anti-PRL autoantibodies forming an IgG-23 kDa PRL complex, in accordance with the studies by affinity chromatography for IgG and Western blot analysis. The IgG-PRL complex was fully bioactive in vitro (Nb2 rat lymphoma cell assay). Injection of the serum into the rats demonstrated that the IgG-PRL complex was cleared more slowly than serum containing predominantly monomeric PRL. The data suggest that the IgG-PRL complex has biological activity; the absence of symptoms in this woman may be attributed to the fact that due to its large molecular weight, big big PRL does not easily cross the capillary walls. Delayed clearance may account for increased serum PRL levels in this SLE patient with anti-PRL autoantibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The Midtown Manhattan Longitudinal Study vs 'the Mental Paradise Lost' doctrine. A controversy joined.

The "Mental Paradise Lost" school in psychiatry propounds a historical trend of deteriorating mental health in the general population, particularly among women, and especially in big cities. The socio-epidemiological Midtown Manhattan Longitudinal Study, covering four decade-of-birth cohorts born since 1895, has yielded data that challenge those claims. To explain serendipitous findings of intergeneration differences between Midtown men and women on measures of subjective well-being, a theory is advanced based on changes in the status and roles of women since the late Victorian era. Possible policy implications for preventive psychiatry are discussed, and further follow-up research outlined for the specialty field of socio-psychiatric history.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Use of transgenic mutational test systems in risk assessment of carcinogens.

Two transgenic in vivo mutation assays are described which are based on LacZ (Muta Mouse) and LacI (Big Blue) shuttle vector systems. Their utility has already been explored by a number of investigators including our laboratory. The evaluation of data derived from these assays confirm that they offer a practical method for studying mutagenic activity and mechanism in a wide range of tissues including those of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, these transgenic mutation assays are valuable tools to assess the organotropic effects of genotoxic carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacodynamics of variable patient compliance: implications for pharmaceutical value.

Pharmaceutical value, a multidimensional factor that includes proven efficacy, is now crucial to market success. A key parameter of value is reliability in use, determined by the several sources of variance in drug response, e.g. the Harter-Peck model, based on linear pharmacometrics of theophylline, whose dose-response has an estimated 80% coefficient of variation, due mainly to variable pharmacokinetics and non-compliance. The main forms of non-compliance are multiday intervals between doses, the impact of which is difficult to assess because too little is known of the time-course of drug actions after dosing stops ('off-responses'). Omeprazole, the best-selling drug, is an exception, and its off-response data reveal markedly non-linear pharmacodynamics that appear to filter most of the variance that a linear model passes, projecting a big gain in reliability. The impact of variable compliance is attenuated by 'forgiveness', the post-dose duration of effective action (4-5 days for omeprazole) minus its recommended dosing interval.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Lung biopsy: methods, value, complications, timing, and indications.

Six methods of lung biopsy are discussed on the basis of literature reports: 1. Aspiration biopsy by fine needle, 2. split needle biopsy (Vim-Silverman), 3. cutting needle biopsy (Travenol), 4. trephine biopsy by rotating needle, 5. transbronchial biopsy, 6. open biopsy. Because of the high risk, biopsies with thick needles (methods 2--4) should be abandoned. Transbronchial biopsy is renounced because reliable results are only achieved in sarcoidosis which can be clearly diagnosed in high percentage of cases by other less dangerous procedures. In solitary tumors which could not be diagnosed by any other means aspiration biopsy is indicated because of its low risk and its diagnostic accuracy of more than 80%. In disseminated pulmonary disorders which cannot be diagnosed by any other means open lung biopsy is the most reliable method. The lung specimens can be taken under eye control. They should contain tissue from the transitional zone between diseased and unchanged areas, however. The specimens are usually big enough for additional electron and fluorescence microscopic examinations as well as dust analyses. The pathologist must be aware of all clinical data including X-ray pictures, laboratory findings, case history, and history of occupational and nonoccupational dust exposure. If these conditions are fulfilled and adequate methods are applied, lung biopsy provides diagnosis and prognosis, makes causal therapy possible, and amplifies the medical knowledge of pulmonary diseases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous and ENU-induced mutation spectra at the cII locus in Big Blue Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts.

Big Blue Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts carry the lambda-Liz shuttle vector which is also present in the Big Blue mouse and rat. Mutations in the Big Blue systems have most often been measured at the lacI locus. However, a method for positive selection of mutations at the lambda cII locus was recently described. This assay appears to have many advantages over the use of lacI as a mutational target, but it has yet to be well characterized in mammalian mutagenesis studies. The objective of these studies was to determine the spontaneous and ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutant frequencies (MFs) and mutational spectra at cII using Big Blue Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts. The average spontaneous MF was 13 +/- 1.4 x 10(-5). The average induced MF was 60 +/- 10 x 10(-5) 10 days following a 30 min treatment with 0.1 mg/ml ENU. Eighty four independent spontaneous mutants were sequenced: 23 (27.4%) were frameshift mutations and 61 (72.6%) were base substitutions. Two spontaneous frameshift hotspots were detected, both in mononucleotide runs. G:C-->A:T transitions were the most common type of base substitution in cII; of these 71% occurred at CpG sites. The ENU-induced mutational spectrum at cII (44 mutants) consisted of 42 base substitutions (95.5%) and two -1 frameshift mutations (4.5%). Compared with the spontaneous spectrum, the ENU-induced spectrum had significantly fewer frameshift mutations (4.5 versus 27%) and base substitutions occurred predominantly at A:T base pairs (71 versus 34%). Overall, the spontaneous cII mutational spectrum reported here differs slightly from spontaneous spectra reported at the Big Blue lacI locus, but the mutational spectra and base substitution MFs following treatment with ENU were comparable at both loci. These data support the continued use of cII as a selectable marker in mutagenesis studies involving cells or tissues that carry a lambda transgene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Early-branching or fast-evolving eukaryotes? An answer based on slowly evolving positions.

The current paradigm of eukaryotic evolution is based primarily on comparative analysis of ribosomal RNA sequences. It shows several early-emerging lineages, mostly amitochondriate, which might be living relics of a progressive assembly of the eukaryotic cell. However, the analysis of slow-evolving positions, carried out with the newly developed slow-fast method, reveals that these lineages are, in terms of nucleotide substitution, fast-evolving ones, misplaced at the base of the tree by a long branch attraction artefact. Since the fast-evolving groups are not always the same, depending on which macromolecule is used as a marker, this explains most of the observed incongruent phylogenies. The current paradigm of eukaryotic evolution thus has to be seriously re-examined as the eukaryotic phylogeny is presently best summarized by a multifurcation. This is consistent with the Big Bang hypothesis that all extant eukaryotic lineages are the result of multiple cladogeneses within a relatively brief period, although insufficiency of data is also a possible explanation for the lack of resolution. For further resolution, rare evolutionary events such as shared insertions and/or deletions or gene fusions might be helpful.

Actins↗
PubMed1995

Personality change in Parkinson's disease patients: chronic disease and aging.

Parkinson's disease patients (N = 41, mean age = 65 years) were described by themselves and their spouses as they were presently and before their illness using the Adjective Check List. Equivalent self- and spouse descriptions were obtained from the members of a matched community sample (N = 96). Descriptions of patients and their spouses converged, both reporting sharp, pervasive (e.g., on all of the Big Five dimensions), and uniformly negative change in personality. Similar, but much less marked change was found in the community sample. The data as a set suggest that the reported changes in the patients were veridical and that their magnitude was primarily the result of the disease rather than aging. Evidence of continuities in personality (for example, differential stability) was also noted. We argued that the illness accelerated and intensified changes normally expected in later life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

[Preliminary study of the relationship between the cardiopulmonary arrest time and its consequences in trauma patients].

The proposal of this research was to obtain parameters to start or maintain cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in victims of trauma. The duration of the cardiac arrest and the CPR of the survivors was described, as well as the cerebral performance and the mortality of these victims 24, 48 and 72 hours after these events had happened. With the results of this characterization the relation between duration of cardiac arrest time, CPR and mortality were described. Data for this report were collected in Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo emergency department. A big amount of the victims (93.4%) presents severe trauma and main cause of death was brain injury. Survival at 72 hours after CPR was 10%. The assessment, during the 72 hour period, of the survivors from cardiac arrest of traumatic cause has shown bad cerebral performance of those victims in that period of time. The survivor after the first episode of CPR was strongly related to cardiac arrest time when compared with CPR time. The time of cardiac arrest < or = 4 minutes and CPR < or = 20 minutes was related to survival more than 72 hours.

Adult↗