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Results for “Vision Screening”

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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Refractive errors and visual acuity impairment among self-selected Hispanic, white, and black adults examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic.

BACKGROUND: Occurrence of refractive errors and uncorrected visual acuity impairment among self-selected, indigent, medically underserved Hispanic, white, and black adults examined by the staff of the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic (MEC) are described in this study and compared to population-based studies. METHODS: The study sample consisted of all 2,970 Hispanic, 1,228 white, and 1,028 black participants, for a total of 5,226 self-selected adults, ages 25 to 74 years, who received vision screenings and eye examinations by the staff of the UCLA MEC from 1987 to 1997. Tests consisted of visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, retinoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopic examination, and indirect ophthalmoloscopy with pupillary dilation. Levels of visual acuity impairment were defined as mild (20/50-20/80), moderate (20/100), or severe (20/200 or worse) in either eye. RESULTS: Self-selected whites in this study had higher rates of astigmatism, anisometropia, and hyperopia, while myopia was higher among self-selected blacks. Myopia and hyperopia occurred more frequently among younger age groups for all ethnic groups. Whites had a higher occurrence of mild, moderate, and severe visual acuity impairment, as compared with Hispanics and blacks. CONCLUSIONS: Both refractive errors and impaired visual acuity of this self-selected sample are similar to those of adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the Baltimore Eye Survey. The data presented in this study provide a crude estimate of the occurrence of refractive errors and impaired visual acuity among self-selected, medically underserved, indigent Hispanic, white, and black adults in the Los Angeles area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical comparison of the Welch Allyn SureSight handheld autorefractor versus cycloplegic autorefraction and retinoscopic refraction.

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the Welch Allyn SureSight (WASS; Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, New York) hand-held autorefractor in noncyclopleged children and to compare the results with those obtained in cyclopleged children using the Nidek AR-820 (NAR; Nidek, Aichi, Japan) and retinoscopic refraction (RR) of an experienced pediatric ophthalmologist. METHODS: Ninety-one children (mean age 97 months +/- 19, range 37 to 107) whose vision screening, performed by a school nurse and/or by their primary care provider, was unsuccessful were prospectively evaluated in the private practice of a university pediatric ophthalmologist. After completion of a history, each child was refracted using the WASS. A complete ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic refraction using the NAR and retinoscopic refraction refined to obtain a visual acuity of at least 20/30 diopters, was then performed. The physician was masked to the previous WASS and NAR results. Analysis variables included race, age (months), refraction (sphere, cylinder, axis), and initial and final corrected visual acuity. Only WASS values for which reliability was > or = 8 were used. A coin toss determined which eye would be used for analysis. RESULTS: Using analysis of variance and Scheffé multiple comparison testing, sphere results obtained by the WASS indicated a statistical difference compared with those obtained using the NAR (P =.0027) and retinoscopy (P =.0088). Similarly, spherical equivalence results obtained by the WASS also indicated a statistical difference compared with that of the NAR (P =.0027) and retinoscopy (P =.0056). Myopic sphere and spherical equivalent values were recorded more frequently with the WASS than with the NAR or refined retinoscopy. Cylindrical values comparing the WASS with the NAR, the WASS with RR, and the NAR with RR were statistically similar to each other (P =.9993,.748, and.7261 respectively). Axial results for patients with +0.50 or more of astigmatism were also statistically similar by all 3 methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that when the WASS is used on noncyclopleged children as suggested for primary care providers, myopia may be overdiagnosed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS): AREDS Report No. 10.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the vision-targeted, health-related quality of life, measured with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), in patients with age-related macular degeneration, cataract, or reduced visual acuity; to determine the relationship between the NEI-VFQ subscale scores and clinical measures of visual function; and to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the NEI-VFQ subscales. DESIGN: The 39-item NEI-VFQ was administered at the 5-year clinic visit to 4077 Age-Related Eye Disease Study participants. RESULTS: The subscales of the NEI-VFQ had moderate to high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.58-0.91). The NEI-VFQ scores for participants with advanced age-related macular degeneration in 1 or both eyes, severe nuclear opacity, reduced visual acuity, or cataract surgery generally were lower than scores for disease-free participants (P<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings support the use of the NEI-VFQ as a measure of vision-targeted, health-related quality of life among patients with age-related macular degeneration, cataract, or reduced visual acuity.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of visual acuity via a telephone interview.

We compared the visual acuity of 89 patients obtained via a telephone interview with visual acuity elicited from the same patients in an ophthalmologist's office. Agreement within one line of vision between the telephone interview, in which patients used a modified Rosenbaum near card with attached patch, and the clinic near vision test was observed in 91% of eyes, while agreement within one line of vision between the telephone interview and clinic distance vision test was found in 86% of eyes. We conclude that testing visual acuity via a telephone interview is a potentially useful approach to assessment of visual acuity and prevalence of visual impairment in the larger population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Baseline visual field profile of optic neuritis. The experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. Optic Neuritis Study Group.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the baseline visual field characteristics in 448 patients with acute optic neuritis who were entered into the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. The severity and pattern of visual field loss in both the affected and fellow eyes were classified. For affected eyes, diffuse visual field loss was present in 48.2% of eyes, central or centrocecal scotoma was present in 8.3% of eyes, altitudinal or other nerve-fiber bundle-type defects were present in 20.1% of eyes, and a variety of other defects were present in 23.4% of eyes. Visual field involvement was present in the fellow eye at baseline in 308 (68.8%) of the 448 patients. Evidence of a chiasmal or retrochiasmal visual field defect was present in 2.9% of the patients. Since a wide variety of visual field defects can occur with an acute attack of optic neuritis, the pattern of visual field loss is of limited utility in distinguishing optic neuritis from ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic nerve disorders. Asymptomatic visual field defects in the fellow eye are common.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Electrophysiologic studies according to ISCEV (International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision) standards in children under 10 years of age].

PURPOSE: To analyze the value of electrophysiologic testing according to standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) in infants less than 10 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 64 infants less than 10 years, the results from of age electroretinograms (n = 47), visual evoked potentials (n = 30), or electro-oculograms (n = 1) were recorded. Twenty-nine infants were less than 6 years of age, and 17 infants were less than 3 years of age. Indications for examination were unexplained visual loss in 54 infants and familial hereditary retinal dystrophies in ten infants. Sedation with chloral hydrate was performed in seven children. RESULTS: In 40/64 infants (62%), the results of electrophysiologic examination were pathologic. In 29 infants visual loss was due to retinochoroidal dystrophies, and in 11 infants it was due to disturbances in the optic pathway. In 7/64, infants the suspected retinochoroidal dystrophy could be excluded. Therefore electrophysiologic testing was diagnostically accurate in 47/64 (73%) of cases. CONCLUSION: Electrophysiologic testing according to TSCEV standards can be reliably performed in infants less than 10 years of age. When the indication for electrophysiologic testing is made following meticulous ophthalmologic examination, diagnostic accuracy is given in at least 73% of cases.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Eye and general illnesses in the public school for blind and visually handicapped students in Saarland. Developments in the last 20 years].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was the evaluation of how ophthalmological diagnoses and the proportion of multiply handicapped children has changed within the last 20 years at a state school for visually handicapped and blind children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A profile investigation was conducted on all 105 children at the Landesschule für Blinde und Sehbehinderte des Saarlandes and compared to the results of an examination from 1975. RESULTS: The predominant ophthalmological diagnoses were: optic atrophy (17.5%), ocular albinism (11.9%), scar-stage IV and V of retinopathy of prematurity (11.1%), as well as tapetoretinal dystrophies with related syndromes (8.7%) and myopia magna (7.9%). Blind: 10.3% (1975: 36.4%); visually handicapped: 47.1% (1975: 49.2%); multiply handicapped: 42.5% (1975: 14.4%). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The diseases that dominated in earlier years in schools for the visually handicapped have become rare (cataract, aphakia, buphthalmia, macular dystrophy--all less than 5%); (2) the proportion of completely blind pupils has become much smaller; (3) there is an increasing tendency to educate visually handicapped pupils in regular schools with integrative aids; (4) there is also an increasing proportion of multiply handicapped children (school and kindergarten: 42%, early patronage 74%).

Blindness↗
PubMed2005

The impact of the VF-14 index, a perceived visual function measure, in the routine management of cataract patients.

BACKGROUND: Evidence about the impact of routine feedback of patient-reported outcomes is contradictory, and there is limited information regarding its use in the routine management of cataract patients. METHODS: The VF-14 Index was used to assess the visual function of 833 consecutive cataract patients, attending 19 ophthalmologists from public and private hospitals and primary care practices in Spain, in 1999-2000. In this before/after trial, the intervention included (1) an educational session, and (2) the provision of the VF-14 scores of all subsequent patients to the ophthalmologist. Mixed effects linear and logistic models were constructed to assess the effect on the process (correlation between patients' and physicians' assessments of visual function, appropriateness of surgery recommendation) and the outcome of care (satisfaction). RESULTS: The adjusted regression coefficient for the VF-14 score significantly increased after the intervention as a predictor of the ophthalmologist's assessment of visual function (beta coefficient: control 0.10 vs. intervention 0.35, p < 0.05). The intervention did not increase the probability of an appropriate medical decision (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.42; 2,69) and it did not change patient satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: Routine provision of education and feedback on the patient's VF-14 Index score significantly increases agreement between patients' and physicians' assessments of functional capacity. The lack of a beneficial effect on management or outcome suggests the need for a more intense intervention to change medical practice.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of visual acuity levels in pediatric patients with amblyopia using Wright figures, Allen optotypes, and Snellen letters.

PURPOSE: To compare and correlate the clinical performance of Wright figures in visual acuity assessments of pediatric patients with amblyopia to those obtained through Allen cards and Snellen letters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Best-corrected visual acuity of 26 amblyopic children were measured with the Wright figures(c), Snellen letters, and isolated Allen optotypes, respectively. Amblyopia was defined as two lines of visual acuity difference or a visual acuity level of 20/30 or lower as determined by Snellen chart. The results were evaluated for statistical intergroup differences using the Wilks' Lambda multivariate analysis of variance and for correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 8.27 +/- 2.46 years (range: 5 to 15 years). The mean logMAR values for the Wright figures(c), Snellen letters, and Allen optotypes were 0.40 +/- 0.20, 0.47 +/- 0.23, and 0.29 +/- 0.28, respectively. When compared with Snellen letters, the Wright figures correlated to a higher degree ( r = 0.46, P < 0.001) than Allen optotypes ( r = 0.67, P < 0.001). With a visual acuity of 20/40 or worse on Snellen letter testing, the sensitivity of Wright figures(c) and Allen cards in diagnosing amblyopic eyes was 87.0 and 56.5%, respectively ( P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Wright figures, designed primarily to evaluate the vision in the preliterate pediatric population, correlate more closely to Snellen letters and have a higher rate of correctly identifying amblyopia than isolated Allen optotypes in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The emotional impact of amblyopia treatment in preschool children: randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To investigate the emotional status of children undergoing active treatment for amblyopia. DESIGN: Postal survey, in the context of a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of 177 children with a unilateral visual impairment referred from preschool vision screening. The children had been recruited to a randomized controlled trial of treatment for unilateral visual impairment and randomly assigned to receive either glasses with or without patches, glasses alone, or treatment deferred for 1 year. METHODS: A self-completion questionnaire, including a psychometric behavioral scale, was sent to the parents of all children recruited to the trial at age 4 years, to 66 whose deferred treatment began at age 5 years, and finally to 151 remaining in the trial at the end of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean scores per treatment group on the Revised Rutter Parent Scale for Preschool Children. Comparison of parent responses to questions assessing the child's general well-being and difficulties associated with treatment. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned for 144 of 177 (81%) children at a mean age (standard deviation) of 48 months (5.0), for 45 of 66 (68%) at a mean age of 61 months (5.8), and for 78 of 151 (52%) at a mean age of 67 months (5.0). Most parents reported having difficulty with patching their child regardless of age (77% at age 4 years and 73% at age 5 years), with fewer reporting difficulties with glasses alone (42% and 53%, respectively). Children were significantly more upset by patching than by glasses only (chi-square test, P = 0.03 for age 4 years and P = 0.01 for age 5 years), as were the parents of 4-year-olds (chi-square test, P = 0.01). Most parents thought their children were happy, cooperative, and good tempered, and behavioral scores did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for unilateral visual impairment is not easy to implement and is commonly associated with some degree of distress. Despite this, no impact on the child's global well-being or behavior was seen either during or after the treatment period.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2000

Design of the low vision quality-of-life questionnaire (LVQOL) and measuring the outcome of low-vision rehabilitation.

PURPOSE: To design and validate a vision-specific quality-of-life assessment tool to be used in a clinical setting to evaluate low-vision rehabilitation strategy and management. METHODS: Previous vision-related questionnaires were assessed by low-vision rehabilitation professionals and patients for relevance and coverage. The 74 items selected were pretested to ensure correct interpretation. One hundred and fifty patients with low vision completed the chosen questions on four occasions to allow the selection of the most appropriate items. The vision-specific quality of life of patients with low vision was compared with that of 70 age-matched and gender-matched patients with normal vision and before and after low-vision rehabilitation in 278 patients. RESULTS: Items that were unreliable, internally inconsistent, redundant, or not relevant were excluded, resulting in the 25-item Low Vision Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (LVQOL). Completion of the LVQOL results in a summed score between 0 (a low quality of life) and 125 (a high quality of life). The LVQOL has a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.88) and good reliability (0.72). The average LVQOL score for a population with low vision (60.9 +/- 25.1) was significantly lower than the average score of those with normal vision (100.3 +/- 20.8). Rehabilitation improved the LVQOL score of those with low vision by an average of 6.8 +/- 15.6 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The LVQOL was shown to be an internally consistent, reliable, and fast method for measuring the vision-specific quality of life of the visually impaired in a clinical setting. It is able to quantify the quality of life of those with low vision and is useful in determining the effects of low-vision rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗