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PubMed2000

A multifaceted mental health training program in reducing burnout among occupational social workers.

This article looks at ways of reducing stress through a multifaceted training program involving the acquisition of mental health knowledge and skills and experiential training in a group of occupational social workers. The training group of 13 occupational workers was compared to a group of occupational social workers not attending the program. Post-training revealed statistically significant increases in professional self-efficacy associated with awareness of psychological and psychopathological issues and professional social support. Reduction in cognitive weariness and listlessness associated with burnout was also found. Gaining competence in mental health issues relating to the occupational setting coupled with emotional sharing helped to reduce professional burnout.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training on the structural characteristics of the trapezius muscle in women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 10 weeks of three different training programs (strength, endurance and coordination). Enzyme-immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess muscle fibre types, fibre area, capillary supply and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. There was an increase in the proportion of type IIA fibres in strength trained group (P < 0.05). Strength training elicited a preferential increase in the area of type II fibres (P < 0.05); both strength and endurance programs induced an increase in the number of capillaries around type I and IIA muscle fibres. Finally, all training programs induced a decrease in the proportion of COX-negative fibres. In conclusion, the trapezius muscle of women with neck and shoulder myalgia is characterised by a great potential of adaptation to physical exercise over a period of 10 weeks. The significant changes in the number of capillaries and the specific changes induced by training at the level of muscle fibres might well explain the improvement of muscle function.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Assessing and documenting general competencies in otolaryngology resident training programs.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to: 1) implement web-based instruments for assessing and documenting the general competencies of otolaryngology resident education, as outlined by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME); and 2) examine the benefit and validity of this online system for measuring educational outcomes and for identifying insufficiencies in the training program as they occur. METHODS: We developed an online assessment system for a surgical postgraduate education program and examined its feasibility, usability, and validity. Evaluations of behaviors, skills, and attitudes of 26 residents were completed online by faculty, peers, and nonphysician professionals during a 3-year period. Analyses included calculation and evaluation of total average performance scores of each resident by different evaluators. Evaluations were also compared with American Board of Otolaryngology-administered in-service examination (ISE) scores for each resident. Convergent validity was examined statistically by comparing ratings among the different evaluator types. RESULTS: Questionnaires and software were found to be simple to use and efficient in collecting essential information. From July 2002 to June 2005, 1,336 evaluation forms were available for analysis. The average score assigned by faculty was 4.31, significantly lower than that by nonphysician professionals (4.66) and residents evaluating peers (4.63) (P < .001), whereas scores were similar between nonphysician professionals and resident peers. Average scores between faculty and nonphysician groups showed correlation in constructs of communication and relationship with patients, but not in those of professionalism and documentation. Correlation was observed in respect for patients but not in medical knowledge between faculty and resident peer groups. Resident ISE scores improved in the third year of the study and demonstrated high correlation with faculty perceptions of medical knowledge (r = 0.65, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance for completion of forms was 97%. The system facilitated the educational management of our training program along multiple dimensions. The small perceptual differences among a highly selected group of residents have made the unambiguous validation of the system challenging. The instruments and approach warrant further study. Improvements are likely best achieved in broad consultation among other otolaryngology programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A laboratory medicine residency training program that includes clinical consultation and research.

We describe a laboratory medicine residency training program that includes ongoing interaction with both clinical laboratories and clinical services as well as significant research experience. Laboratory medicine residents serve as on-call consultants in the interpretation of test results, design of testing strategies, and assurance of test quality. The consultative on-call beeper system was evaluated and is presented as an effective method of clinical pathology training that is well accepted by the clinical staff. The research component of the residency program is also described. Together, these components provide training in real-time clinical problem solving and prepare residents for the changing technological environment of the clinical laboratory. At the completion of the residency, the majority of the residents are qualified laboratory subspecialists and are also capable of running an independent research program.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed2000

An interdisciplinary training program in nutrition sciences and cancer.

To address the shortage of health care professionals trained in the nutritional aspects of cancer prevention, the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1988 initiated the Cancer Prevention and Control Training Program (CPCTP), with R25 grant support from the NIH/NCI. The CPCTP has enrolled 11 predoctoral and 12 postdoctoral trainees, of whom 18 have completed training and five remain in the program. The curriculum and other program elements are described, and the trainees' academic achievements and ultimate careers are reported. The CPCTP has become a significant resource for training cancer nutrition professionals.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia who participated in an electrical stimulation walking program experienced changes in measures of physical self-concept and depression. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Human SCI applied research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 12 men and 3 women with SCI paraplegia, mean age 28.75 +/- 6.6yrs and mean duration of injury 3.8 +/- 3.2yrs. INTERVENTION: Thirty-two FNS ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep 1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered before and after training. Only the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS was analyzed. After training, individual interviews were performed to assess participants' subjective reactions to the training program. RESULTS: A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that desired directional and statistically significant changes occurred on the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS (F(1,14) = 8.54, p < .011) and on the BDI (F(1,14) = 5.42, p < .035). CONCLUSIONS: Subsequent to the ambulation training program there were statistically significant increases in physical self-concept scores and decreases in depression scores.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students.

OBJECTIVE: The present investigation examined the extent to which participation in a 6-week circuit-weight training program produced changes in participants' body images relative to a matched control group. METHOD: The weight trainers consisted of 39 college students (27 women and 12 men). The control group of 39 individuals did not weight-train currently or within the past year. All participants were pre- and posttested on the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale. Weight trainers were also pre- and posttested on muscular strength and assessed on their motives for exercise. RESULTS: The program successfully increased upper- and lower-body strength. In contrast to the comparison group, weight trainers had a significantly improved evaluation of their appearance, greater body satisfaction, reduced social physique anxiety, and enhanced physical self-efficacy. Outcomes were unrelated to the extent of concurrent aerobic exercise and largely unrelated to exercise motives. DISCUSSION: Even a relatively brief weight training program can produce improvements in multiple aspects of body image. Further research should investigate weight training as an adjunct to psychosocial treatments of body dissatisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Work hours of residents in seven anesthesiology training programs.

Medical educators and credentialing organizations recently have called attention to the long hours that some house staff are required to spend in the hospital during training. To determine the average duration of in-hospital work hours of anesthesiology residents, 148 residents at seven, university-affiliated training programs kept daily logs of their activities for one week. Residents in clinical anesthesia years 1, 2, and 3 spent an average of 66, 65, and 64 hours per week, respectively, in the hospital with a range of 43 to 104 hours per week. Although there was not a difference in in-hospital work time among years of training, there was a statistical difference between two of the seven programs studied. The largest portion of the in-hospital time was devoted to patient care activities in the operating room. Residents had time for educational activities, conferences, and reading while in the hospital. The overall work hours of the residents in the anesthesiology training programs included in this survey appeared to be within current guidelines.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1988

A three-year follow-up of older adult participants in a memory-skills training program.

This study examined the long-term effects of participation in a self-taught memory training program. In all, 27 memory training and 13 nontraining participants were assessed at approximately 3-year follow-ups. Assessment of these groups prior to the introduction of training had revealed nonsignificant differences in memory performance but marked differences in level of memory complaints, with training participants evidencing higher levels of complaints. The current assessment again demonstrated overall nonsignificant differences in memory performance but significant differences in memory complaints between the two groups. More specifically, the training group evidenced significant decreases in memory performance over the 3-year interval, but no significant changes in memory complaints were observed for either group. Thus, memory training appeared to have little long-term effect on memory functioning. Future research should explore long-term maintenance strategies in memory training with older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Recruiting interns and residents to an osteopathic medical training program.

As more graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine enroll in allopathic training programs and specialty programs, medical directors of osteopathic medical institutions are faced with the challenge of maintaining a well-trained housestaff. More important, perhaps, this exodus threatens the very core of osteopathic medicine, namely, its ability to produce well-trained primary care physicians. A recruitment plan used at the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and its affiliates is presented here. The plan emphasizes the importance of trainee involvement in their own education as well as the use of residents in recruiting interns and specialty residents.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implications of pregnancy for residents and their training programs.

This study investigated the implications of pregnancy on residents and their training programs and how programs have planned for pregnancy disruptions compared to other employers. We received questionnaires from 236 male and female residents and their families who had experienced at least one pregnancy during their training. Results for female residents were compared with working spouses of male residents. Approximately half of the female residents reported that their programs had formal leave policies compared to 70% of the working spouses. The average amount of leave taken by residents was considerably less than that taken by the spouse group. For both groups, 35% of all pregnancies were unplanned; 19% of these without benefit of birth control. Approximately 30% of both groups said they should have timed their pregnancies differently. Female residents were more likely to perceive their pregnancies as a stressful time. Despite this greater stress, female residents were equally as unlikely as spouses of male residents to miss work for pregnancy-related causes. This study supports the need for better planning for pregnancy during residency training.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Training physicians and health care providers to accurately read coronary arteriograms. A training program.

UNLABELLED: Patterns in visual interpretation of coronary arteriograms (CAs) frequently cause incorrect assessment of percent diameter stenosis (%DS). These errors result in overestimating the results of angioplasty as well as of the number of arteries significantly affected by coronary artery (CAD) disease. METHODS: Forty-one physicians, nurses, and students participated in the standardization of 45 Kodachromes (39 arteries, 6 phantoms) and 5 photographic reproductions. Eleven of the 41 participated in a three-part training program designed to eliminate errors and improve accuracy of interpreting %DS from CAs. RESULTS: Improvement in reading %DS was seen in 69% of CAs with statistical (P < or = 0.05) improvement in one third of these cases, whose narrowings ranged from 4% to 84%DS. Variability of reporting was reduced in 26% of the cases. Skewing, representing an overestimation of "severe" disease and underestimation of "less severe" disease, was reduced with statistical improvement (P < or = 0.05) in reported %DS noted after training. Similar improvement was seen with phantoms but not in photographic images where the arterial edges were outlined. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of clinical management, invasive and interventional (mechanical, thrombolytic) procedures, as well as research studies depend in part upon the accuracy of reading %DS from CAs. Most studies to date have completed using extremely unreliable estimates of %DS with resultant problems in data interpretation. The use of this standardized training program has led to significant improvement in accurately assessing CAD.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2004

Teaching communication skills: an AACE survey of oncology training programs.

BACKGROUND: The extent of communication skills training (CST) in American oncology fellowship programs is unknown. METHODS: A survey was sent to program directors of medical oncology, radiation oncology, gynecologic oncology, and surgical oncology training programs regarding (1) the presence and method(s) of CST in their programs, (2) their attitude about mandatory CST, and (3) their attitude about a mandatory assessment of communication skills competence as a prerequisite for specialty certification. RESULTS: Only a third of programs contained some form of CST. Surgical oncology programs were particularly lacking. Lack of faculty time was cited as the major barrier to implementing CST. A majority of program directors support mandatory CST but not a core competence requirement for certification. CONCLUSIONS: There is a current deficiency in CST in American oncology fellowship training. Given the importance of communication skills in the provision of high-quality cancer care, initiatives to address this deficiency are a priority.

CD-ROM↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restorative Nursing Bladder Training program: recommending a strategy.

This article describes a Restorative Nursing Bladder Training program, a performance improvement initiative aimed at helping patients regain bladder control by postponing voiding, and then urinating according to a specific, individualized timetable. Data were collected on 14 patients who participated in the program from April 1999 through January 2001. Eight patients achieved a 100% reduction in incontinent episodes; 1 patient documented a 90% reduction; another patient attained an 85% reduction; 3 patients showed a 50% reduction; and 1 patient showed a 30% reduction.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Team awareness for workplace substance abuse prevention: the empirical and conceptual development of a training program.

This paper describes the empirical and theoretical development of a workplace training program to help reduce/prevent employee alcohol and drug abuse and enhance aspects of the work group environment that support ongoing prevention. The paper (1) examines the changing social context of the workplace (e.g., teamwork, privacy issues) as relevant for prevention, (2) reviews studies that assess risks and protective factors in employee substance abuse (work environment, group processes, and employee attitudes), (3) provides a conceptual model that focuses on work group processes (enabling, neutralization of deviance) as the locus of prevention efforts, (4) describes an enhanced team-oriented training that was derived from previous research and the conceptual model, and (5) describes potential applications of the program. It is suggested that the research and conceptual model may help prevention scientists to assess the organizational context of any workplace prevention strategy. The need for this team-oriented approach may be greater among employees who experience psychosocial risks such as workplace drinking climates, social alienation, and policies that emphasize deterrence (drug testing) over educative prevention. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1987

Neurology residency training programs in the United States.

A survey of 127 neurology residency training programs (124 approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; 3 by the American Osteopathic Association) in the United States indicated that 80% were sponsored by medical schools. Of the 2,700 MD neurology faculty in 1982, 3/5 were full-time. As of 1982, there were 1,300 neurology trainees, including 334 fourth-year postgraduates (PG4s); 21% were women, and 3% held DO degrees. From 1960 through 1983, about 5,000 PG4s were produced, and for 1984 through 1990 the program directors estimated that this number will be about 3,000; our own projection, however, was only 2,400.

Humans↗