Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Toes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The function of the toes in walking, jogging and running.

The foot has been studied in walking, running and jogging using high speed cinema photography in the laboratory for gait analysis in the Shriner's Hospital for Crippled Children, San Francisco. During running, as well as in walking, the extrinsic toe flexors restrain progression of the tibia. The extrinsic extensors accelerate the tibia over the fixed foot. The intrinsic toe muscles function from mid-stance to lift-off when the subject runs on his toes. In sprinting, the intrinsics are active throughout the weight-bearing phase.

Gait↗
PubMed1979

Free transfer of the second toe combined with dorsalis pedis flap using microvascular technique for reconstruction of the thumb and other fingers.

The blood supply to the dorsum of the feet was studied in 100 cadaver feet specimens. The understanding of anatomical variation of branches of dorsalis pedis artery and its venous system are important in determining the success of the operation for free toe or dorsalis pedis flap transplantation. Three groups of fine branches of arterial system supplying the skin on the dorsum of the feet are classified; the central, the intermediate and the marginal groups. The central group is the dorminant blood supply to the dorsalis pedis skin flap. The first dorsal metatarsal artery which is a main branch of the dorsalis pedis artery remains to be dominant feeding artery to the second toe. From these cadaver specimens, three types of distribution are formulated, but with different percentages of distribution as compared with that of Gilbert's data. Seven consecutive cases of the second toe combined with dorsalis pedis flap transfer using microvascular technique for the reconstruction of thumb and other fingers are reported. The operation is designed to meet the demand of one stage reconstruction of the missing thumb or other fingers which are associated with surrounding soft tissue defects. Preparatory soft tissue repair by skin flap or tube flap is thus obviated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of two point discrimination on the thumb and the big toe].

The functional value of operations for the replacement of thumbs by autotransplantation of the great toe depends on the recovery of sensibility. The two-point-discrimination of 107 thumbs compared to 121 great toes in persons aged between 10 and 70 years was examined. The thumb had age-independent mean value of 4,5 mm while that of the great toe decreased from 9,1 to 16,0 mm.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correction of elongated underlapping lesser toes by middle phalangectomy and skin plasty.

A procedure is described for correction of a digital deformity that consists of both a congenitally elongated lesser toe and an acquired adductovarus of that toe. This elongated underlapping toe is often treated by arthroplasty of the distal interphalangeal joint with resection of the head of the middle phalanx. The author proposes middle phalangectomy through specifically described incisions as a better way to resolve this deformity. The procedure is not technically difficult and can be performed as an outpatient.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1981

[Transplantation of the second toe in the reconstruction of fingers (author's transl)].

Transplantation of the second toe to replace a finger has been suggested more recently than has transplantation of the great toe to replace the thumb. The technique is described in detail. There is no plantar skin incision in the foot. The arterial suture is made at the level of the digital artery. Two toes can be transplanted when several fingers are missing. 11 cases have been operated on and the results analysed. In all cases, pinch grip between the thumb and the transplanted finger was made possible.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1983

Problems in toe-to-hand transfers.

The problems encountered by the author in 70 cases of toe-to-hand transfers are considered under three main headings: (1) operative problems (2) post-operative problems and (3) functional problems. The operative problem of preserving the integrity of the donor vessels is related to the varying patterns of vasculature of the foot. Bony fixation of the donor toe to the recipient site and the selection of veins of the right size and length are the other main operative problems. The post-operative problems are concerned with the problem of survival of the transplanted toe and these include venous congestion, diminished arterial blood flow due to thrombosis or spasm, bleeding and delayed healing, especially at the donor site. In thumb reconstructions, both motor and sensory functional recovery were good when reconstruction was done at the M-P joint level, but less satisfactory if done at a more proximal level. Similarly, the functional problem in finger reconstructions resembled those of thumb reconstruction. At the donor site, the main foot functions were maintained, though delayed healing and scarring may prove troublesome in a few cases.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1983

Movement-related potentials preceding toe plantarflexion and dorsiflexion.

The cerebral potentials associated with self-paced rapid dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the left toes were compared in the same experiment using 10 subjects 5 of whom were female and 5 of whom were male. The EEG was recorded from C3, C1, Cz, C2 and C4 including computed bipolar recordings C4/C3 and C2/C1. For both kinds of movements, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) or readiness potential was bilaterally symmetrical in the first half of the foreperiod. In the later foreperiod, an ipsilateral preponderance of negativity (IPN) developed. The direction of toe movement had no effect on the IPN. The etiology of the paradoxical BP side preponderance prior to toe movements is discussed which can probably be referred to the unique dipole orientation of a generator situated on the mesial cortical surface in the depth of the interhemispherical fissure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Disorders of the great toe in dancers.

Although often neglected in the consideration of dancing and sports injuries, the great toe is as important as the other large joints of the lower limb. Many injuries to the great toe are associated with technical faults occurring during dancing, and these should be corrected or the injury will recur. It is also important that when a dancer presents with an injury elsewhere, the possibility of faults at the great toe be considered.

Dancing↗
PubMed1984

[Subungual calcification in the normal nail bed of the toes].

Subungual calcifications in the normal nail bed begin in women during the 3rd decade and obtain an incidence of 47% from the 8th decade. These calcifications appear in men two decades later and obtain in old age an incidence of only 14%. The 1st toe is involved three times as often as the 5th toe. In about 10% the subungual calcifications of the toes are combined with the same subungual calcifications of the digits. Subungual calcifications of the normal nail bed are considered as a normal reaction of ageing, which is not influenced by diseases with a tendency of tissue calcification.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Toe to hand transfer.

Nine patients received a toe-to-finger transfer after accidental amputation and one after a congenital defect. One led to secondary amputation due to arterial thrombosis. Seven of the 9 patients would have the operation again if needed. Five transplants were great toe-to-thumb transfers which the authors feel superior to second toe to thumb transplantations. The method seems to be useful in reconstructive hand surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The big toe in the recovery room: peripheral warm-up patterns in children after open-heart surgery.

To evaluate the usefulness of toe temperature warm-up patterns in predicting survival in a group of pediatric patients after cardiac surgery, the condition of 70 children [age 3.9 years + / - 3.8 yr] was evaluated for 24 hours postoperatively by direct and indirect cardiac monitoring, including toe temperature, while in a heat controlled environment. Two groups were identified 60 survivors and 10 nonsurvivors. The volume balance, pH and urine output of all patients were maintained within acceptable values, but nonsurvivors had a persistently lower blood pressure. Systemic vascular resistance separated survivors from nonsurvivors but cardiac index did not. A toe temperature that did not reach 32 degrees C within 4 hours of operation was associated with increased mortality. With peripheral warm-up patterns a nomogram was constructed, its predictive accuracy was identified [99% valid] and the tow temperature trends were correlated with traditional monitoring techniques. The authors conclude that measurement of tow temperature is a useful, inexpensive and noninvasive addition to established methods of monitoring after open-heart operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Neoplasia in the toes and toenail areas.

Benign and malignant tumors as well as pseudotumors occur in the toes. The toenail areas may also be involved primarily or secondarily. All tissues in the toes can give rise to tumors. Occasionally, metastatic tumors from the viscera manifest in the toes. New or recurrent masses should be subjected to biopsy, as should lesions that do not respond to treatment based on an initial clinical impression.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing loss of the great toe with the hallux interphalangeal joint arthroplasty.

Chronic ulcerations of the hallux may result in amputation if infection becomes uncontrolled. Salvage of the hallux often requires surgical intervention when conservative measures fail. Many authors have described various procedures to prevent recurrent ulceration and the potential for loss of the great toe. The authors have reviewed their experience with the hallux interphalangeal joint arthroplasty for chronic neuropathic ulcers of the great toe. Between August 1988 and July 1991, the authors performed 46 hallux interphalangeal joint arthroplasties on 40 patients (22 males, 18 females). Of the 40 original patients, one patient was lost to follow-up in the immediate postoperative period, leaving 45 procedures on 39 patients. Thirty-six feet were noted to heal both the procedure and ulceration uneventfully (80%). There were five minor complications (11%). Four cases were deemed failures (9%). Overall, 41 feet (91%) healed and had no evidence of recurrence in the follow-up period. Follow-up was an average of 23.6 months (range 4-44 months). The hallux interphalangeal joint arthroplasty has been a valuable procedure for chronic ulcerations of the hallux. By allowing these ulcers to heal, loss of the great toe has been avoided. Function and structure of the foot has been maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anterior transfer of the toe flexors for equinovarus deformity due to hemiplegia.

We report the results of transfer of the long toe flexors and lengthening of the calcaneal tendon in 33 patients with equinovarus deformity requiring orthoses after a stroke. Review of 29 patients more than two years after surgery showed that 21 were able to walk without an orthosis. Equinovarus deformity had recurred in six patients and hammer toe in 11, but walking ability without bracing was still better in seven of these. Results are improved by the release of the short toe flexors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Syphilis presenting as the 'blue toe syndrome'.

The abrupt development of cyanotic and painful toes, "the blue toe syndrome," has been attributed to a number of medical conditions. We describe a patient in which the workup for this condition failed to elucidate a typical cause. Skin biopsy, serologic findings, and response to treatment led to the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. Our experience indicates that secondary syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with the blue toe syndrome.

Cyanosis↗
PubMed1997

[Thumb reconstruction with free neurovascular wrap-around flap (bit-toe skin-nail flap) after traumatic amputation].

From November 1993 until May 1995 there were three cases of traumatic loss of the thumb reconstructed, using the above mentioned method. In two cases, the thumbs were amputated in the region of the first phalanx, in one case in the region of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Thumb reconstruction in the technique described by Morrison et al. (1980) involved the neurovascular wrap-around flap from the ipsilateral greater toe. The flap consisted of 4/5 of the soft-tissue including the nail of the big toe and parts of the distal phalanx as well as the fibular nerve of the toe. The vessels of the flap included the first dorsal metatarsal artery and two branches of the vena saphena magna. This paper details surgical technique, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages and compares it with other procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Osteoid osteoma of the proximal phalanx of a toe. A case report.

A case of osteoid osteoma of proximal phalanx of second toe is presented. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are discussed. Osteoid osteoma is rare in toe phalanges but should be considered when a patient presents with unexplained chronic pain in his or her toes.

Adult↗