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PubMed1989

Childhood injury deaths in Texas: a major public health problem.

Injury is the leading cause of death in children 1 year of age and older in the United States, yet there has been little published on causes of injury deaths in Texas children. Cause-of-death information about children 0 through 19 years who were residents of Texas and died from 1980 through 1985 were examined. Injury accounted for nearly 34% of all childhood deaths from 1980 through 1985. Forty-six percent of injury deaths involved motor vehicles, and 22% were classified as intentional (bomicide and suicide). The leading causes of injury death varied by age group, but motor-vehicle injuries were the leading cause of injury deaths in all age groups 1 year of age and older. In addition, these data demonstrated the need for intervention in drowning deaths in every age group, choking deaths in infants, suicides in Anglos (especially teenagers), and homicides in infants, teenagers, and blacks. We must continue to support research and intervention strategies to combat this alarming public health problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Food group contributions to nutrient intake in whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans in Texas.

The existence of three different ethnic groups, living within a defined geographic area in Texas and maintaining fairly distinct life-styles, provided an excellent opportunity to compare their dietary behaviors. Information about food consumption was obtained by 24-hour dietary recall from a group of 431 whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans residing in two counties in southeast Texas. Food group and subgroup contributions to 11 nutrients were calculated. The intake patterns of Mexican Americans demonstrated both an adherence to traditional or familiar Mexican food items, such as beans and tortillas, and a preference for foods not previously reported to be commonly consumed by that ethnic group, specifically beef. The current study provides a base of information necessary to implement dietary changes acceptable within the context of a particular culture's world view. Results revealed differences in food intake patterns that would be helpful in designing practical nutrition education programs specifically targeted toward these ethnic groups. For example, inadequate sources of nutrients were identified, as were sources of excess fat.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing student selection of family practice residency programs in Texas.

This study identified the relative influence of eight major factors on students' selections of family practice residency programs in Texas. All students (127) selected through the National Residency Matching Program in 1987 by 22 residency programs in Texas were surveyed. Based on a 91% response rate, 52 rating scale items were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The resulting eight factors were rank ordered according to program type (eg, medical school based) based on mean scores of items that loaded on each factor. The factor most influential in students' selections of programs was the "quality of training" they perceived they would receive, while the least important factor was "resident compensation and benefits." Students who selected medical school based programs and community based, medical school affiliated programs differed significantly as to the importance they placed on the "academic orientation of the program" and the "attitude toward family physicians" in their program selections.

Career Choice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost-benefit analysis of safety belts in Texas school buses.

Although safety belts have been shown to reduce the risk of serious injury or death in automobile crashes, evidence of their effectiveness in school buses is uncertain. In this paper, the potential costs and benefits of mandatory safety belts in Texas school buses are estimated, based on the assumption that their effectiveness is less than or equal to rear seatbelt effectiveness in autos. Costs are based on both retrofitting old buses with belts and installing them in new buses. Benefits include the direct and indirect (forgone earnings) cost-savings from preventable injuries and fatalities. Results indicate that a law mandating safety belts in Texas school buses would not be cost-beneficial. Annual benefits would exceed the annual costs of installing belts in new school buses. However, the benefits would not be large enough to compensate for the five-year costs associated with retrofitting old buses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Autogeny in Culex salinarius from Texas, Florida and New Jersey.

Autogeny was studied in Culex salinarius from College Station, Texas; Vero Beach, Florida; and Edison and Dennisville, New Jersey. Autogenous egg development varied from 14% in the Florida colony to 23 and 27%, respectively, in colonies from Texas and New Jersey. The mean number of eggs per autogenous female ranged from 13.5 to 23.7. As in other autogenous mosquitoes, the expression of autogeny was dependent on larval and adult diets. Mating did not influence autogeny as it does in some mosquitoes. Autogeny in Cx. salinarius was obligate at warm temperatures, but females denied a bloodmeal appeared to undergo facultative autogeny at colder temperatures.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Photosensitization of cattle in southeast Texas: identification of phototoxic activity associated with Cooperia pedunculata.

A microbiological assay (Candida albicans) was used to screen plants in southeast Texas where bovine photosensitization (PS) of unknown cause was a recurring problem. Phototoxic activity was identified associated with dead leaf tips of Cooperia pedunculata, a native, perennial forb of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) from central, southeast, and south Texas and parts of Mexico. A syndrome compatible with naturally occurring PS in cattle was induced in laboratory mice after oral administration of dead leaf material from C pedunculata. Availability and phototoxic activity of dead leaf material of C pedunculata corresponded with occurrence of PS in cattle. Seemingly, C pedunculata was involved in recurring PS.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Optometric manpower in Texas--Part I: Demographic characteristics.

The renewed emphasis in health planning within the last few years makes it imperative that optometric manpower be described as comprehensively as possible not only on a national level but also on a state level. This report utilized remittance advice forms completed during the 1978 license renewal cycle of Texas licensed optometrists to complete demographic, educational, and practice characteristics of actively practicing civilian optometrtists in Texas during 1977. Data was examined for the state as a whole and for each Health Service Area (HSA) in the state. A two part paper is presented... Part I, Demographic Characteristics and Part II, Educational and Practice Characteristics (Will appear in August issue).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Optometric manpower in Texas; Part II -- educational and practice characteristics.

The renewed emphasis in health planning within the last few years makes it imperative that optometric manpower be described as comprehensively as possible not only on a national level but also on a state level. This report utilized remittance advice forms completed during the 1978 license renewal cycle of Texas licensed optometrists to complete demographic, educational, and practice characteristics of actively practicing civilian optometrists in Texas during 1977. Data was examined for the state as a whole and for each Health Service Area (HSA) in the state. This is the second part of a two part article, the first part, Demographic Characteristics, appeared in the July issue.

Optometry↗
PubMed1971

Metabolic disease in mental retardation: a study in Texas.

Reported are the results of a study of patients admitted to the State Schools for the Mentally Retarded in Texas, over a two-year period from 1968-1970. Of 2029 cases, 185 were found on a detection battery screening to have possible metabolic disease. The report summarizes the findings on 93 cases studied in the metabolic ward at the Texas Research Institute.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The epizootiology and pathology of sarcoptic mange in coyotes, Canis latrans, from south Texas.

An epizootic of sarcoptic mange in coyotes from south Texas, Canis latrans , was studied over a 7-yr period, 1975 through 1981. From a four-county area centered in Webb County, Texas the epizootic radiated centrifugally to include a 27-county area. The disease progressed from initial, scabby encrustations on the ischium and fore and hind legs to severe, thickened, slate-gray hyperkeratotic lesions with almost complete alopecia. There were significant decreases in alpha-globulin and albumin, significant increases in gamma-globulin, and significant decreases in fat deposits and total body weight indicative of a chronic infection with establishment of a humoral antibody response as the infection progressed in severity. Significant differences in prevalence of mange across habitat variables of host age and sex, and across seasons were related to the juvenile/adult ratio in the coyote population at any particular time because the infection progressed more rapidly in juveniles. Population dynamics and abundance of coyotes were generally unaffected by the mange epizootic. Although higher mortality was associated with mange-infected animals, this had no effect on overall mortality in the coyote population.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fighting smallpox on the Texas border: an episode from PHS's proud past.

The motto of the Public Health Service (PHS) is "Service with Distinction." An example of how that motto was earned can be seen in the work of the professionals of the Marine Hospital Service (as PHS was then known) in a smallpox epidemic on the Texas border in 1895. Barely 2 years after Congress had given the U.S. Surgeon General the authority to intervene and prevent the spread of contagious diseases from one State to another, Surgeon General Walter Wyman, MD, stepped in. In response to a request from the Texas State Health Officer, Wyman sent a team of officers to assist the State and prevent the spread of smallpox. At that time the Surgeon General was head of the Marine Hospital Service, which became the Public Health Service in 1912. In a period of slightly more than 2 months, the epidemic was contained in the population of 411 refugees. Sixty people had died at the camp, 51 from smallpox. Although that fatality rate would be incredibly high by current standards, it was low under the circumstances. Milton Rosenau, MD, was a key to the containment of the disease and the humanitarian treatment of the survivors, a group of black Americans who had fled from Mexico after having been lured there with the promise of land that would be their own. Rosenau would later become the head of the Hygienic Laboratory, precursor of the National Institutes of Health.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1984

Demographic and professional characteristics of Texas optometrists.

Texas optometrists must renew their license annually. From information obtained during the renewal process, demographic and professional characteristics of all active civilian optometrists in Texas as of June 1981 were studied. Population data from the 1980 U.S. census were used to calculate prevalence ratios. Data were examined for the state as a whole and for each health service area (HSA).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of avian influenza virus in Texas.

An avian influenza virus with surface antigens similar to those of fowl plague virus (Hav 1 Nav 2) was isolated in 1979 from 2 commercial turkey flocks in Central Texas. Two flocks in contact with these infected flocks developed clinical signs, gross lesions, and seroconversion but yielded no virus. This was the first recorded incidence of clinical avian influenza in Texas turkeys and only the second time that an agent with these surface antigens was isolated from turkeys in U.S.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mortality patterns among workers in three Texas oil refineries.

The cause-specific mortality experience of 2,509 active and retired members of the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers International Union (OCAW) who worked at three oil refineries in the Beaumont/Port Arthur area of Texas was examined to determine whether there might be unusual patterns of fatal disease related to workplace exposures. Deaths that occurred between 1943 and 1979 were identified from membership records of the OCAW headquarters in Denver and from the records of union locals in Texas which represent workers at the three refineries. Death certificates were obtained from state vital records offices for the decedents. Cause-specific Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMRs) were calculated using the mortality experience of the U.S. general population as a standard. Excess mortality from stomach cancer occurred among active union members who worked at Refinery A and among active and retired members who worked at Refineries B and C. PMRs for leukemia, multiple myeloma, and other lymphomas were elevated, especially among retired workers. Relative frequencies of brain tumor deaths were significantly elevated among active members at all three refineries and slightly elevated among retirees at Refineries A and C. Findings suggest that oil refinery workers may have elevated risks of these cancers and indicate that more definitive studies are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Children with special health-care needs in Texas.

A comprehensive system for the delivery of care to children with special healthcare needs and to their families has been developed by the department of pediatrics of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. A description of the structure and operations of this system is presented and offered as a model for the state of Texas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Medicolegal hell in Texas.

In the "war zones" of Texas, lawyers use billboards, television commercials and Yellow Page advertisements to announce their availability to help the "unjustly injured," and medicolegal lawsuits are as common as the rain that sweeps in from the nearby Gulf of Mexico. Almost 75% of the suits are dismissed without award or settlement, since many are plainly frivolous. However, even these can mean torment for physicians, who have to hire lawyers, answer charges, collect paperwork, take time off work for depositions and consultations, and then worry about how insurers will react the next time premiums are due--even if they are cleared. Texas estimates that defensive medicine practised because of legal fears costs the state at least $702 million annually, spending that is bound to continue as long as one lawsuit is filed annually for every 5.3 doctors in the state.

Advertising↗
PubMed1995

Ethnic differences in causes of infant mortality: Texas births, 1989 through 1991.

The mortality rate of African-American infants in Texas is about twice those of Anglo and Hispanic infants, due at least partly to their increased risk of preterm and low-weight birth. We examined the underlying causes of infant deaths from 1989 through 1991 for specific causes that accounted for the racial difference and for those that were associated with those adverse pregnancy outcomes. The overall infant mortality rate was 8.27 per 1000 live births (6.80 for Anglo, 7.72 for Hispanic, and 15.32 for African-American infants). About 37% of all infant deaths (but 48% of African-American deaths) were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; excluding these deaths reduced the overall rate to 5.20 per 1000 (4.59 for Anglo, 5.03 for Hispanic, and 8.05 for African-American infants). Accordingly, reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in African-American women will reduce but not resolve the discrepancy in racial infant mortality rates. Infant mortality rates for 30 of the top 59 causes of death were at least 1.5 times higher in African-American than in Anglo and Hispanic infants, while a comparable excess in Hispanic infants was noted only for anencephaly; Anglo infants did not have an excessive mortality rate for any of the 59 causes. Reduction of the racial infant mortality rate discrepancy in Texas will require clarification and correction of factors that place pregnancies of African-American women at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and those that place their infants at increased risk for death from a wide range of causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Leishmaniasis in Texas: prevalence and seasonal transmission of Leishmania mexicana in Neotoma micropus.

The annual prevalence of Leishmania mexicana in Neotoma micropus from 16 southern Texas localities was determined by screening 192 N. micropus using in vitro culture. Eight woodrats also were screened using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-six Sigmodon hispidus from four localities were also tested. Seasonal transmission was investigated through trap-recapture studies at three localities and analysis of infections in juveniles. Fourteen N. micropus from four localities were culture-positive for L. mexicana, indicating an annual non-zero prevalence at these localities of 5.6-27%. Four additional infections at two foci were detected only by the PCR. Transmission occurred in the fall in each case in which season of transmission could be determined. No S. hispidus were positive. These data support the hypothesis that N. micropus is a reservoir of L. mexicana in Texas.

Animals↗