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PubMed1984

Bereavement and cancer: some data on deaths of spouses from the longitudinal study of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.

Registration of cancer and mortality after the death of a spouse were assessed using data from the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). The study population comprised 1% of the people counted in England and Wales in the 1971 census, for whom data on subsequent vital events were linked with their census records. There was little evidence of an increase in registrations of cancer after the death of a spouse and only a slight suggestion of increased mortality from cancer. For other causes of death there was some evidence of increases in mortality during widow(er)hood. In so far as the death of a spouse is often a very stressful event, these data may be interpreted as providing little support for the hypothesis that stress is implicated in the aetiology of cancer.

Death↗
PubMed1979

Terminal care: evaluation of in-patient service at St Christopher's Hospice. Part II. Self assessments of effects of the service on surviving spouses.

Self-assessments of 34 spouses of patients who had died from cancer at St Christopher's Hospice were compared with self-assessments of a matched group of spouses of patients who had died in other hospitals in the vicinity. The spouses of St Christopher's patients differed significantly from the comparison group in spending more time at the hospital, talking to more members of staff, other patients and visitors, reporting less anxiety and psychosomatic accompaniments of anxiety before (but not after) the patient's death and being less worried about pain, others hurting or harming the patient or about revealing their own fears to the patient. The institutional ideals of the Hospice were characterized as: 'The hospital is like a family', 'Nothing is too much trouble' and 'Don't worry'.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial adjustment of home hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hospital dialysis patients and their spouses.

The present study compared home hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, (CAPD) patients and their spouses to matched groups of hospital dialysis patients in order to examine the psychosocial adjustment to the various modes of dialysis treatment. The psychological distress was smaller in the patients on home treatment, but no significant difference was found in their vocational and social rehabilitation. The spouses of patients on home treatment manifested similar scores of psychological distress as spouses of patients on hospital dialysis, but reported somewhat less social problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of depressive symptoms in spouses of people with lung cancer: effects of personality, social support, and caregiving burden.

The authors sought to identify the personality correlates of depressive symptoms in 120 spouses of people with lung cancer. Spouses completed questionnaires, including measures of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, and interpersonal self-efficacy), social support, and caregiving burden. Their level of depressive symptoms was measured with self-report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and interviewer (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) ratings. Structural equation modeling showed that neuroticism was directly associated with greater depressive symptoms and indirectly associated with less social support and greater caregiving burden. Interpersonal self-efficacy was indirectly associated with the severity of depressive symptoms through both social support and caregiving burden. These findings have implications for identifying spouses of individuals with lung cancer who are vulnerable to depression and could inform the design of programs to reduce depressive symptoms in the context of cancer caregiving.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Emotional distress among spouses of psychiatric outpatients in Holland.

Interviews with spouses of individually referred psychiatric outpatients reveal relevant complaints about the ways the spouses have been approached by previous psychotherapists of their patient-partner. Suggestions are given to incorporate these complaints into efficient strategies for the involvement of spouses in the treatment of the patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of the impact of institutionalization on spouse and nonspouse caregivers.

We report on a study of 106 spouse and nonspouse primary caregivers of cognitively impaired older people. Half of these caregivers cared for someone in a community setting, half cared for someone in an institution (a nursing home or hospital). The study used the multidimensional Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) to measure the burden that these caregivers felt. A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance found an effect of the interaction of relationship and living arrangement on two CBI subscales: Time Dependence Burden and Developmental Burden. Spouses showed a significantly greater difference in Time Dependence Burden scores than did nonspouses in both living arrangement groups, and nonspouses showed a significantly greater difference in Developmental Burden than did spouses in both groups. We conclude with a discussion of how programs can help different types of caregivers cope with feelings of burden.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Care-related stress. A comparison of spouse and adult-child caregivers in shared and separate households.

This research examines the role that relationship and household arrangement have in explaining the levels of care-related stress effects experienced by spouse and adult-child caregivers in shared and separate residences. Data from 180 spouse and adult-child caregivers were analyzed to identify differences in caregiver health decline, relationship strain, and activity restriction across these settings when the effects of elder impairment, caregiver age, and use of social supports are controlled. Results show that spouse and adult children in shared households experience similar levels of care-related strain. However, comparison of adult children in shared and separate households show considerable cross-setting differences in strain, with those in shared households having significantly greater activity restriction but less relationship strain. These findings have implications for the delivery of social services, specifically for targeting health monitoring, respite, and family counseling services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

The impact of critical injury as described by a spouse: a retrospective case study.

This descriptive study explored the initial experience of critical injury from a spouse's perspective. A case study was used to examine the Lazarus stress and coping paradigm. The subject was 43-year-old Caucasian woman, with three young children. Semistructured interviews were conducted 1 month following critical injury. Analysis of data confirmed the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional coping processes as suggested by Lazarus. From the spouse's description, three distinct phases of the critical care experience also emerged: notification, arrival at the hospital, and waiting periods. Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional coping processes were clustered according to the spouse's distinct phases of this experience. A 3 x 3 matrix provides a description of the coping processes during the initial critical care period and offers direction for nursing interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of concerns and demands experienced by spouses following coronary artery bypass surgery.

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to describe spouses' concerns and demands related to their partner's recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) prior to discharge and at 1, 3, and 6 weeks following discharge; and second, to describe how spouses' concerns and demands change from the time of hospitalization through 6 weeks after discharge. The study used a descriptive panel design. Ninety females (82.6%) and 19 (17.4%) males constituted the sample. Respondents' mean age was 60.7 years. Manifest content analysis revealed that spouses' concerns and demands changed from week to week. The study findings support a convalescence trajectory and lend support for paying close attention to the timing of interventions after surgery and during early convalescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

The mental health of elderly couples. II. Concordance for psychiatric morbidity in spouses.

A community sample of elderly married couples completed the 60-item General Health Questionnaire and the Leeds General Scales for the Self-Assessment of Depression and Anxiety. Significant concordance was demonstrated between the spouses' scores on these scales. Concordance was higher for depression than for anxiety. There was little to support previous findings that wives are more likely than husbands to be concordant with an ill spouse. The spouse concordance rates for psychiatric morbidity were similar to those found in studies of younger married couples.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1991

The multidimensional impact of chronic pain on the spouse: a pilot study.

Spouses of patients with chronic pain face major challenges in learning to cope with the subsequent changes that occur in family life. This study examined the impact of those changes on the chronic pain patient's spouse, examining the extent and severity of psychosocial adjustment problems and the relationship of social support to the level of adjustment. For the twenty spouses in the study, results indicated that they were adversely impacted in multiple areas of their lives and that high levels of perceived partner support were related to better psychosocial adjustment. A multidimensional assessment instrument is evaluated for clinicians and researchers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Spouse response to a self-administered alcoholism screening test.

A self-administered, expanded version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was completed by a group of hospitalized alcoholics and by their spouses and counselors, describing the patients. The data obtained from spouse responses was accurate in 90% of the cases; the spouse may be a more reliable source of information about drinking problems than the alcoholic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The errant spouse: a study in person perception.

College students rated protagonists of vignettes involved in extra-marital affairs in two separate studies. In the first study, where the affair resulted in the errant spouse falling in love, both the husband and wife were perceived more favorably when they cheated than when they were being cheated. The results of the second study, where the affair did not involve love, were opposite from those of the first. The cheating spouse was viewed negatively. No significant differences were found between married and unmarried subjects' perceptions. Results indicated that the motivation for an extramarital affair may be crucial in evaluation. Implications of perceived competence of the spouse were considered.

Esthetics↗
PubMed2006

Associations between lifestyle and mental health in a group of Japanese overseas workers and their spouses resident in Düsseldorf, Germany.

This study investigated associations between lifestyle factors and selected aspects of mental health in a group of Japanese overseas workers and their accompanying spouses who were residing in and around Düsseldorf, Germany, in February 1994. Considering four aspects of mental health (depression, mental instability, nervousness and neurosis) and six lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, cigarette smoking, physical exercise, eating breakfast and eating snacks), a cross-sectional study involving 822 volunteers (486 workers and 336 spouses) was performed using the Todai Health Index (THI) for surveying self-perceived health and a lifestyle related self-administered questionnaire. Alcohol consumption had no associations with any of the four aspects of mental health, and only very weak inverse associations were found between the other five lifestyle factors and the four aspects of mental health in the workers group. In the spouses group, physical exercise was the only lifestyle factor significantly associated with mental health.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Determining the needs of spouses caring for aphasic partners.

PURPOSE: The study aims to identify the needs of spouses caring for someone who has communication difficulties due to a stroke and to determine what solutions they felt would have helped to alleviate the difficulties they described. METHOD: A qualitative approach was chosen in order to determine the carers needs from their point of view. Nine indepth interviews were undertaken with a self selected group of spouses caring for an aphasic partner in their own home. RESULTS: Analysis of the interviews indicated that the carers expressed needs in the five main areas of support, information, role change, training and day/respite care. The carers interviewed were also able to identify a variety of practical solutions which, in retrospect, may have helped them to care more effectively for their aphasic partner. CONCLUSIONS: The solutions put forward by the carers highlight the areas in which the Health Trusts providing care for these people should focus future service provision in order to ensure that people caring for aphasic spouses in the home receive the services they feel they need.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1991

Different perspectives: the effect of heart disease on patients and spouses.

Nurses working in critical care units play an important role in helping patients and their families cope with illness. In this article, heart disease is used as a paradigm for discussion of the coping processes of patients and families as they adapt to an acute event. Patients and spouses demonstrate different but equally important responses that may increase marital conflict and impede recovery. The denial frequently used by patients is in direct contrast to the oversolicitousness demonstrated by spouses. Early assessment of potential family dysfunction is essential in order to plan and implement interventions that promote family coping. In this article, the interventions available to nurses working with families in an acute care setting are reviewed. Interview data from one study of cardiac patients and their spouses is used to illustrate the family dynamics seen in the acute and chronic phase of recovery and to provide examples of the couples' differing perspectives on the helpfulness of various interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Chronic open-angle glaucoma and associated ophthalmic findings in monozygotic twins and their spouses in Iceland.

PURPOSE: To determine the concordance of glaucoma and ocular parameters in monozygotic twins and their spouses. METHODS: This was a prospective study that included 50 twin pairs 55 years of age or older and 47 of their spouses. Zygosity was determined by genetic laboratory testing. RESULTS: The concordance of open-angle glaucoma in monozygotic twin pairs was 98.0%, which significantly exceeded that of twin/spouse pairs (70.2%). There was a significant association in mean intraocular pressure (IOP), mean axial length, anterior chamber depth, and refractive error in the twin pairs. However, there was no association between the twins and their spouses for these ocular parameters. Eight twin pairs were found to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXFS), five of which were concordant. There was no association between glaucoma and mean axial length or glaucoma and refractive error in the twin pairs studied. CONCLUSION: The statistically significant higher concordance of glaucoma--and the high correlation of mean IOP, mean axial length, anterior chamber depth, and refractive error--in twin pairs and the lack of association of these factors in twin/spouse pairs strongly suggests the importance of genetic factors for these ocular parameters.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Sex differences in alcoholics: a comparison of male and femal alcoholics' self and spouse perceptions.

Self-perceptions of male and female alcoholics and the perception of them by their respective spouses were investigated in an attempt to study sex differences in alcoholics. The subjects were 20 male and 20 female hospitalized alcoholics and their spouses. Subjects were administered a modified Katz Adjustment Scale and the NIMH Mood Scale applied both to states of sobriety and intoxication. The results indicated that the female alcoholic is more likely to characterized by her spouse as guilty and depressed both in states of sobriety and intoxication than is the male alcoholic. The therapeutic implications of these and other findings are discussed.

Adult↗