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PubMed1977

Specific binding of prolactin to seminal vesicle, prostate and testicular homogenates of immature, mature and aged rats.

Ovine prolactin was iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The binding ability of the labelled hormone was determined, by incubation with liver homogenate from rabbits in late pregnancy, to be 8-8% total binding/mg protein, of which 86% was specific. The fraction of 125I-labelled ovine prolactin which bound most strongly was subsequently used to study its binding to rat seminal vesicle, prostate and testicular homogenates. The total binding to the seminal vesicle homogenate taken from mature (80-day-old) rats was the highest (11-69%/mg protein), but the greatest degree of binding specificity (82-6%) was to immature (30-day-old) rat prostate. Both total and specific binding to rat testicular homogenate were consistently very low. The binding specificity was demonstrated by displacement studies: while ovine prolactin caused displacement of specific binding, human chorionic gonadotropin, rat thyrotropin and human follicle-stimulating hormone did not cause any significant displacement of bound 125I-labelled ovine prolactin. Affinity constants (Ka) and binding capacities for the seminal vesicle and prostate homogenates were determined by Scatchard analysis and the effect of age on these parameters was studied. There was no difference in Ka between the aged (220-day-old), immature and mature rat tissue homogenates; however, a significant fall in binding capacity was observed in the mature rat prostate, and a further fall in the aged rat prostate. No such change was observed in the binding capacity of the seminal vesicle, as estimated by Scatchard analysis, although total and specific binding to the mature homogenates was higher than that of the other age groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Stromal development in the ventral prostate, anterior prostate and seminal vesicle of the rat.

The prostate and seminal vesicle (SV) are androgen-dependent secretory glands of the male genital tract. They produce the bulk of the seminal secretions. The object of the present study was to examine and document the ontogeny of stromal maturation in the rat anterior and ventral prostate and SV. These organs have a loosely organized cellular mesenchyme during fetal development. During prostatic development the mesenchyme condensed to form smooth muscle sheaths immediately surrounding the epithelium, with looser connective tissue between individual ducts. In the SV, a loose connective tissue layer called the lamina propria lies between the epithelium and developing muscle. Smooth muscle alpha-actin, myosin, desmin, laminin, vinculin, vimentin and androgen receptor (AR) expression were examined by immunocytochemical methods during the pre- and postnatal developmental periods. The first marker to be detected was vimentin, which was initially found throughout the mesenchyme. During development vimentin became mostly restricted to the interductal tissue of the prostate and the lamina propria of the SV. Smooth muscle markers were expressed in an orderly sequence in a proximal to distal manner along prostatic ducts, from the urethra towards the tips. Expression of alpha-actin was followed by vinculin, myosin, desmin, and laminin. These markers became localized to the developing smooth muscle sheaths and were not expressed in the interductal tissue of the prostate or the lamina propria of the SV. Organ culture experiments demonstrated that androgens were required for the differentiation of smooth muscle sheaths. Castration of adult rats demonstrated that androgens were required to maintain smooth muscle differentiation. In castrates, the stroma was relatively thicker but less dense than in intact animals. Following castration, expression of the smooth muscle markers was lost sequentially in the reverse order of their expression during development. In long-term castrates alpha-actin, vimentin and a small amount of vinculin were detected. AR were first detected in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme immediately surrounding the epithelium at 16 days of gestation. As development progressed expression of AR became more widespread, and postnatally was found throughout the mesenchyme. As maturation of smooth muscle occurred, stromal expression of AR became localized to the muscular sheath immediately surrounding the epithelium. In the prostate the interductal connective tissue displayed very low levels of AR expression. In the SV, AR were also observed in the lamina propria. In summary, stromal differentiation and dedifferentiation in the rat prostate and SV were found to be androgen-dependent processes with ordered sequential ontogenic expression of specific markers.

Actins↗
PubMed1977

Specific protein synthesis in isolated epithelium of guinea-pig seminal vesicle. Effects of castration and androgen replacement.

Four intrinsic soluble secretory proteins are synthesized in vitro by isolated seminal-vesicle mucosa from sexually mature guinea pigs. Newly synthesized specific proteins labelled with [(14)C]glycine and [(14)C]lysine were precipitated by using double-antibody immunoprecipitation techniques and their radioactivity was assessed. Rates of synthesis were determined on each of 5 days after castration. By 5 days after castration the wet weight of the epithelium decreased to 42% of intact control values; the absolute amount of specific protein synthesized in vitro after 60min incubation decreased to 28% and the 27500g cytoplasmic protein content decreased to 31%. Thus androgen deprivation leads to a decrease in general protein synthesis in vivo, as well as to a decrease in specific protein synthesis in vitro. Specific protein synthesis comprised 76% of the total protein formed in isolated tissue from animals 5 days after castration as compared with 99-100% in tissue from intact animals. At 72h after an injection of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, seminal-vesicle epithelium wet weight, cytoplasmic protein content and capability for synthesizing specific proteins in vitro were restored to approx. 70% of normal values. At 72h after onset of therapy with 3alpha-androstanediol, both epithelium wet weight and cytoplasmic protein content had increased significantly, but without a corresponding increase in the capability of the isolated tissue to synthesize specific proteins. The soluble labelled proteins synthesized in vitro by isolated epithelium from intact animals during 60 or 120min incubation were essentially entirely immunoprecipitable, i.e. specific. In contrast, approx. 29% of all soluble protein newly synthesized by isolated epithelium from animals 5 days after castration was acid-precipitable, but not immunoprecipitable, i.e. ;non-specific'. The injection of testosterone into castrated animals inhibited the synthesis of the non-specific fraction by isolated tissue. The effects of castration on the ultrastructure of guinea-pig seminal-vesicle epithelium are also presented.

Androgens↗
PubMed1988

Schistosomiasis of the prostate and the seminal vesicles: observations in Zambia.

The pattern of schistosomiasis of the prostate and seminal vesicles in Zambia is presented. The results were based on histological examination and digestion of tissue obtained from 50 cadavers. Compared to the bladder (62%) and seminal vesicles (58%), the infestation was least common (50%) in the prostate. The infection was due to Schistosoma haematobium alone in all organs. The most significant finding was the histological inactivity secondary to this parasitic infection. It is suggested that schistosomiasis of these organs is unlikely to be causally related to male infertility in Zambia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle.

We present a rare case of a hydatid cyst involving the seminal vesicle of a 48-year-old man. Urinary retention was the initial symptom. Both imaging and clinical evaluation revealed a substantial retrovesical cystic mass. The histopathological report was 'hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle'.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Primary angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle.

We report on an unusual case of primary angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. Diagnosis was confirmed by light and electron microscopy, as well as specific immunohistochemical staining. This rare tumor is highly aggressive, and refractory to traditional surgical and adjuvant therapeutic modalities. Sarcomatous lesions of the seminal vesicle are reviewed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Primary carcinoma of seminal vesicle. Diagnosis assisted by sonography.

A case of primary carcinoma of the seminal vesicle in a nineteen-year-old man is described. This patient represents the twelfth case reported in the literature in Japan. The experience gained in this case indicated the potential usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the seminal vesicle.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1984

Indomethacin suppression of the estradiol-induced proliferative response of the seminal vesicles.

Effects of indomethacin (1.25 mg/kg of body weight and 1.25 mg/rat) on estradiol-induced (250 micrograms/rat and 25 micrograms/rat) mitotic activity of the seminal vesicles and the ventral prostate in rats were examined. The obtained results show clearly that indomethacin restrains the seminal vesicles proliferative reaction induced by estradiol, whereas the ventral prostate is not sensitive to estradiol, and indomethacin does not affect its mitotic activity. These results suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the mitogenic effect of estradiol on the seminal vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Novel use of fine needle aspiration of seminal vesicles for sperm retrieval in infertile men.

Fine needle aspiration of the seminal vesicles under transrectal ultrasound guidance was performed in a man with primary anorgasmy. The procedure included local anesthesia to the apex of the prostate and a 21-gauge needle for aspiration. A total of 3 mL of seminal fluid could be aspirated. Semen analysis showed a sperm count of 40 million/mL and 2% motility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed, pregnancy resulted, and a healthy girl was born. This is the first successful report of fine needle aspiration of the seminal vesicles in men whose infertility is caused by ejaculatory disorders or distal obstructive azoospermia. This finding could lead to an expansion of our armamentarium in assisted reproductive technology.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Processing of two protein precursors yields four mature guinea pig seminal vesicle secretory proteins.

The translation of the two most abundant guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium mRNAs (1800 nucleotides and 950 nucleotides) and the subsequent processing of their protein products were studied in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which the four mature guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium (GPSVE) secretory proteins are produced. The primary translation products of the 1800 nt and 950 nt mRNAs are two secretory protein precursors of 45 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. Removal of signal peptides from these two precursors produces proteins of 43 kDa and 18.5 kDa, which are recognized by polyclonal antisera directed against the four mature secretory proteins. The existence of further processing intermediates in the production of the secretory proteins is suggested by the appearance of other immunoreactive polypeptides following incubation of GPSVE in nutrient medium containing [3H] leucine. Immunological and pulse-chase analysis strongly suggests that the 43-kDa protein gives rise to SVP-1, -3, and -4 and that SVP-2 is derived from the 18.5-kDa protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of glutathione depletion on antioxidant enzymes in the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and liver and on spermatozoa motility in the aging brown Norway rat.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in male infertility, where excessive amounts impair spermatozoal motility. Epididymal antioxidant enzymes protect spermatozoa from oxidative damage in the epididymal lumen. Antioxidant secretions from the seminal vesicle protect spermatozoa after ejaculation. As it is known that with age there is increased generation of ROS, the goals of this study were to determine how aging affects the response of antioxidant enzymes in the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and liver to l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion, and to examine the impact of GSH depletion on motility parameters of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis in young (4-mo-old) and old (21-mo-old) rats. Levels of GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as well as activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, were measured in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis, seminal vesicles, and liver. Spermatozoal motility was assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Significant age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were found in the liver and cauda epididymidis. Glutathione depletion clearly affected tissues in both young and old. The compounding effect of age was most evident in the cauda epididymidis, seminal vesicles, and liver, where antioxidant enzyme activities changed significantly. Additionally, spermatozoa motility was adversely affected after BSO treatment in both age groups, but significantly more so in older animals. In summary, the male reproductive tissues and liver undergo age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and in their response to GSH depletion.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

In vivo rat model to measure hypogastric nerve stimulation-induced seminal vesicle and vasal pressure responses simultaneously.

This study presents a modified in vivo model in which the intraluminal pressures of the seminal vesicle and vas deferens can be measured simultaneously. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped based on agent administered: serotonin, clomipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, prazosin, terazosin, and tamsulosin. The control responses to hypogastric nerve stimulation (HNS) were recorded in each animal, and HNS was repeated after each drug administration. Serotonergic agents resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of the HNS-induced seminal vesicle pressure increases (clomipramine>serotonin>fluoxetine>sertraline approximately paroxetine). On the other hand, only serotonin and clomipramine significantly inhibited vasal pressure responses. alpha-Adrenergic blockers inhibited both intraluminal pressure responses in a concentration-dependent manner. This model illustrates the importance of the hypogastric nerve for the stimulation of the seminal tract, with attention focused on the seminal vesicle. This model may be useful for the evaluation of drugs for the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Direct effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on pubertal rat seminal vesicle.

Pubertal male Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral castration and killed 7 or 14 days later; an additional group of castrated rats was submitted to ultrasound stimulation of the ventral region lying above the accessory sex glands, for 20 min a day from the 7th to the 14th day postcastration. Control intact rats were age-matched to the different treated groups. Seminal vesicle growth and secretory activity were investigated on the basis of weight and fructose content, respectively. A progressive fall in seminal vesicle weight was observed over a period of 7 (83% decrease) to 14 (92% decrease) days following castration; ultrasound treatment beginning on the 7th day prevented this additional weight reduction. Castration caused also a marked decrease (50-60%) in the fructose content of the seminal vesicle and the ultrasound energy promoted a partial recovery of the secretory activity of the gland. The results revealed a direct ultrasound stimulation of the seminal vesicle secretory activity in pubertal rats deprived of testicular androgens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex steroid-induced changes in collagen of the prostate and seminal vesicle of rats.

The effects of androgen alone or in combination with estrogen or prolactin on the collagen of the prostate and seminal vesicles were studied in prepubertal and adult rats. Castration decreased the collagen content of the male accessory sex organs of both prepubertal and adult rats. Androgens showed stimulatory effects in castrated rats irrespective of the age. However, in intact animals, the stimulatory effects of androgens were evident only before puberty. Only the seminal vesicle of prepubertal rats responded to the stimulatory effect of estrogen given along with androgens. Prolactin did not elicit any appreciable effect either in the prostate or the seminal vesicles when administered along with androgens.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[Cytomegaloviral inclusions detected in the seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and lungs in an autopsy case of lung cancer].

We report a case of cytomegalovirus infection of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens in a 32-year-old Japanese man with papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although the lungs are usually a target organ of cytomegalovirus infection, most organs can be involved. However, the male reproductive system has rarely been reported infected with the virus. H.E. sections of our case showed cytomegaloviral inclusions in many ductal epithelia of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens as well as macrophages of the lungs. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus disclosed viral antigenicity in these infected cells. Electron microscopy recovered enlarged infected cells packed with viral nucleocapsids approximately 100 nm in size. These nucleocapsids were enveloped in the cytoplasm and consistent with the Herpesviridae family. To our knowledge, our case is the first report of cytomegalovirus infection of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens in the English and Japanese literature.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1981

The effect of haemagglutinating factor from boar seminal vesicle fluid on leucocytes.

Complete agglutination of porcine, bovine, ovine, and rabbit leucocytes and of porcine and bovine thrombocytes was observed after their exposure to a 1% solution of the haemagglutinating protein isolated from boar seminal fluid. Bull seminal vesicle fluid had the same agglutinating effect on leucocytes, but did not agglutinate thrombocytes. Ram seminal plasma and other fluids from the reproductive tract of boar and bull did not agglutinate either leucocytes or thrombocytes. A viability test showed that the agglutinin of boar seminal vesicle fluid, bull seminal vesicle fluid, and boar prostate fluid were all lethal for leucocytes.

Agglutination↗
PubMed2004

[A case of seminal vesicle cyst due to the obstruction of the ejaculatory duct: possible association with prostate cancer].

We report a case of a seminal vesicle cyst supposed to be associated with prostate cancer in a 79-year-old Japanese man presenting with urinary retention. A fist-sized soft mass was palpated at the anterior wall of the rectum and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was elevated to 59.8 ng/ml. Transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a retrovesical cystic mass measuring 7 cm in diameter and the absence of bilateral seminal vesicles. On vasography the lumen of the cystic lesion was visualized immediately, but the radiopaque fluid did not flow into the urethra. Transperineal prostate biopsy revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and puncture of the cyst revealed bloody fluid including sperm with a low PSA level. These findings strongly suggested that the mass was a seminal vesicle cyst caused by ejaculatory duct obstruction associated with prostate cancer. He has received endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and bicalutamide for 6 months with no enlargement of the cystic lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of acid phosphatases in the rat prostatic complex and seminal vesicles.

Acid phosphatase activity of different parts (ventral, lateral and posterior lobes and coagulating gland) of the rat prostatic complex and seminal vesicles were analyzed in homogenate and after fractionation with gel filtration and chromatofocusing. Significant differences between the various tissue homogenates were recorded in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, alpha-naphthyl phosphate and naphthol ASBI phosphate and the percentage of the tartrate-resistant activity varied from about 30 (in seminal vesicles) to 56 (in coagulating gland). Gel filtration resulted in the appearance of 2 (Sephadex G-200) to 3 (Sepharose 6B) activity peaks (GF-1 to GF-3). Studies with 6 substrates (p-nitrophenyl phosphate, alpha-naphthyl phosphate, beta-naphthyl phosphate, naphthol ASBI phosphate, phenolphthalein phosphate and thymolphthalein phosphate) showed some relative differences in the hydrolysis rates as well as indications for possible overlapping of multiple enzymes in these peaks. Chromatofocusing of the ventral prostate homogenate resulted in the appearance of 8 activities (CF-1 to CF-8) with different pI-values (8.2, 8.1, 7.9, 7.1, 6.4, 6.0, 5.5, and 5.0), substrate preferences, pH-optima (5.5, 4.2, 4.2, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.2, and 5.0), molecular weights and modifier characteristics. The other tissues contained a lower number of these activities: 4 (CF-1 to CF-3 and CF-6) in lateral and posterior lobes and coagulating gland and 5 (CF-1 to CF-4 and CF-6) in seminal vesicles. The correspondence of the enzyme peaks after gel filtration and chromatofocusing was analyzed by refractionation. This indicated that some of the enzymes (GF-1, CF-5, CF-8) may appear in polymeric/aggregate forms. The differences in the acid phosphatase pattern suggest characteristic functional features in the various parts of the rat prostatic complex.

Acid Phosphatase↗