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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Sports and their significance for the diabetic child].

The positive effect of physical exercise on the metabolism for those with diabetes has been well known for a long time. It pertains also for children with diabetes. In spite of this, children and adolescents with diabetes still have problems taking part in sport-activities. The reasons are poor information and education of physicians, teachers, parents and those with diabetes. Holiday-camps will be an useful help for children to learn how to adapt the metabolism by self-control of blood and urine-sugar. Then it will be easier to accommodate physical exercise during the day. The improvement of fitness is one of the positive effects of sport, but it is of no consequence for metabolic control. However, sport-activities are a helpful addition for therapeutic management.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New research on the oral vaccination of wild animals].

Successful oral immunization of wildlife against rabies has strongly stimulated research in the past decade. New approaches have been developed for vaccine production (e.g.: use of recombinant vaccines) as well as for better potency or safety testing procedures. It appears that Man should also consider two important phenomena which already existed in nature before his research. The first one is an adaptation of the rabies virus, by serial passages, which favours the spreading of the disease among a sole animal species. Bites of this species vaccinate other species more often than they kill them, leading sometimes, to the mutual exclusion of potential vector. The next phenomenon is the self-control of the first one due to an over-adaptation of the virus to its vector species. It leads to unappropriate level, or delay, of reexcretion of the virus, therefore to the transformation of a rabies epizootics into rabies enzootics. Oral vaccination would thus appear as an useful tool to eradicate the disease after it reached this enzootic stage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Gingival bleeding].

Gingival bleeding is not of decisive importance in diagnosticating periodontal diseases, since various endogenous causative factors and exogenous conditions may enhance its occurrence. In the absence of periodontal disease, gingival bleeding might be a symptom of a systemic disease. Because gingival bleeding is in most cases the first sign of an affection of the tooth-supporting structures that the patient observes, it should be, for all the difficulties its substantivation, be considered in history taking and for self-control.

Gingival Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1985

Pending litigation and rehabilitation outcome of chronic back pain.

The effects of pending litigation for compensation on treatment outcomes of patients with chronic low back pain, were assessed. The 81 patients with chronic low back pain who participated in a six-week behavioral treatment program organized around the theme of self-control, were differentiated according to whether there were unsettled legal claims for compensation. Scales from the MMPI and Health Index were administered before and after treatment. Three behavioral measures of physical mobility were obtained from representative subsamples in each group before and after treatment and at one and three months follow-up. Results indicated that after treatment, patients without litigation pending obtained significantly greater reductions on the Hypochondriasis and Hysteria scales of the MMPI and achieved relatively greater improvements on two behavior measures. Because patients with litigation pending also evidenced significant behavioral gains, the belief that these patients are at risk for treatment appears to be true only in relation to the patients without current litigation rather than in an absolute sense.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1988

[Age dependence of spontaneous frequencies and intracardial Baindridge-effect of rabbits between the 3rd and 18th day of life].

With continuous perfusion at defined intraluminal pressures isolated right atria from rabbits were examined. Age groups of 3-6, 9-12 and 15-18 days of life were used to measure the chronotropic response to change of atrial pressure over a range of 0.1 to 0.9 kPa (10-90 mm H2O). At transmural pressure of 0.1 kPa (control) the rate of spontaneously beating atria decreased progressively with age over the first three weeks. As compared to the group of 15-18 days, for each intraluminal pressure the atrial rate was significantly higher in the group of 3-6 days. Already 3-6 days after birth the chronotropic self-control mediated by stretch (Bainbridge effect) was present, this response did not vary significantly from that obtained in the group of 15-18 days of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Early phase-II semi double-blind study of the new alkaline propanolamine derivative enciprazine (short communication).

A new alkaline propanolamine derivative, enciprazine, was tested in an early phase-II semi double-blind placebo-controlled A-B-A design to verify the hypothesis that the substance may have tranquilizing properties. No sedative or anxiolytic effect comparable to minor or major tranquilizers could be observed. According to clinical impression some patients showed an improved goal orientation and self-control which could be effects worth to be followed up.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and protease-protease inhibitor balance in active sarcoidosis].

The status of the blood kinin system, activity of serum inhibitors of proteinases (alpha 1-protease inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin) as well as indices of activity of trypsin-like proteinases, elastolytic and fibrinolytic activity, free antitryptic activity and complete content of acid stable inhibitors were studied in the morning sputum and bronchoalveolar washesoff of 62 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. It was shown that in active sarcoidosis proteinase-inhibitors balance got disturbed as a result of a decrease in the activity of serum inhibitors, suppression of local secretion of acid stable inhibitors and inactivation at the level of alpha 1-protease inhibitor alveoles. Excessive activation of the kinin system was noted in the blood flow and elevation of all types of proteolytic activity in the respiratory system. It was assumed that the above changes reflected disturbed self-control processes in the body and caused progression of disease and pneumofibrosis formation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Competent aging with sports].

This contribution deals with the significance of sports for competence in old people. It presents evidence for positive effects of sporting activities on the solution of self-development tasks, like maintaining social participation in old age, pursuing one's own interests, or on keeping active in general, as well as on indices of life-satisfaction like the feeling of well-being, emotional adjustment, or a sense of self-control. In its second part, the paper develops a series of recommendations concerning the motivation of aging persons to sports and the realization of sporting activities for them.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[How reliable is ambulatory blood glucose self control in the hands of the patient? Experiences with the Glucosignal blood glucose strip].

In 36 unselected insulin-depending type I diabetics the reliability and practicability of the blood glucose self-control was investigated by means of the glucosignal test strip in the course of 12 weeks under everyday ambulatory conditions. In these cases the quality of the manual handling and of the visual evaluation of 896 test strips was judged in three series of application by special personnel in the laboratory by means of photometric evaluation. 7.5% of the test strips of all series were incorrectly handled and could not be evaluated photometrically. The correlation coefficients between the blood glucose concentrations which were visually valuated by the patient and measured photometrically in the laboratory were in the three investigation series 0.962, 0.964, and 0.950, i.e. the patients obtained a great reliability in the visual valuation of the test strips. Altogether 75-90% of all test strips were correctly judged by the patients. Deviations appeared in every case only by one concentration region, whereby there was an unequivocal tendency to underestimation, particularly in higher regions of blood glucose concentration. Prerequisite for a reliable handling of Glucosignal test strip by the patient is a thorough individual training.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a controlled drinking minimal intervention for problem drinkers in general practice (the DRAMS scheme).

Sixteen general practitioners participated in a controlled trial of the Scottish Health Education Group's DRAMS (drinking reasonably and moderately with self-control) scheme. The scheme was evaluated by randomly assigning 104 heavy or problem drinkers to three groups - a group participating in the DRAMS scheme (n = 34), a group given simple advice only (n = 32) and a non-intervention control group (n = 38). Six month follow-up information was obtained for 91 subjects (87.5% of initial sample). There were no significant differences between the groups in reduction in alcohol consumption, but patients in the DRAMS group showed a significantly greater reduction in a logarithmic measure of serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase than patients in the group receiving advice only. Only 14 patients in the DRAMS group completed the full DRAMS procedure. For the sample as a whole, there was a significant reduction in alcohol consumption, a significant improvement on a measure of physical health and well-being, and significant reductions in the logarithmic measure of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and in mean corpuscular volume. The implications of these findings for future research into controlled drinking minimal interventions in general practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family practice physicians' beliefs, attitudes, and practices regarding obesity.

This study examined 318 family practice physicians' beliefs, attitudes, and practices regarding obese patients. Most physicians surveyed were aware of the health effects of obesity and that normal weight is important to the health of their patients. Beliefs, attitudes, and practices differed significantly based on the physicians' sex, weight, years in practice, and belief that counseling patients on weight loss is professionally gratifying and that most obese patients can lose significant amounts of weight. A notable number of respondents held negative or stereotypical attitudes toward obese patients (i.e., obese patients lack self-control, are lazy and sad). The most commonly recommended weight loss techniques were decreasing caloric consumption (92 percent), participating in Weight Watchers (84 percent), consulting a dietitian/nutritionist (76 percent), and aerobic exercise (75 percent). The two sources of weight control information most frequently cited were past experience (73 percent) and medical journals (71 percent). The results of this survey indicate that there is considerable room for improvement in the beliefs, attitudes, and practices of family physicians regarding obese patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Stress management in rehabilitation.

Chronic disability, especially of an acquired nature, is a stressor which requires significant adjustment and adaptation. This ongoing demand for change represents an additional source of stress for disabled as as compared with nondisabled individuals. In response to this need, a stress management program was established for groups of outpatients at an adult rehabilitation center. The program consists of eight 2-hour sessions and is delivered within a psychoeducational context. The present study evaluates the efficacy of the program, based upon a series of six groups. A total of 40 participants, comprised primarily of patients with chronic pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and multiple sclerosis, were assessed on psychometric and psychophysiologic measures both before and after the program. Results indicated a significant decrease at posttest in state anxiety, as well as a significant decrease on a measure of somatization, suggesting less preoccupation with physical symptoms following completion of the training. These findings suggest that rehabilitation patients can profit from self-control techniques taught in a stress management program. Since anxiety can negatively influence the course of many disabilities, the benefits accrued from stress management skills may have generalized effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Methylphenidate and cognitive therapy in children with attention deficit disorder: a double-blind trial.

Stimulant medications have been the treatment of choice for children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), yet long-term benefits have not been found. The present study examined the ability of an adjunctive cognitive behavioral self-control therapy program to improve upon these long-term results. Findings only partially supported the efficacy of the cognitive therapy, as demonstrated on the Matching Familiar Figures Test of impulsivity. However, this improvement did not persist over time. Results are discussed in terms of the need for pediatricians to consider individual differences in therapeutic response across patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Myocardial infarct promoting type A behavior--an attempt to modify stress-inducing behavior].

To change some crucial elements of coronary-prone behaviour in cardiac patients is considered an important task of behaviour medicine, to reduce physico-chemical and, in particular, psychosocial "risk factors". The experimental study presented had examined whether the type A behaviour pattern, defined as the essential element of coronary-prone behaviour for its latent provocation of stress reactions, can be positively modified through behaviour therapy-focussed treatment within a clinical setting. A total of 91 persons, i.e. 49 recent-MI patients from an inpatient rehabilitation programme and 42 clients of a smoker counselling centre, were examined to identify type A or type B behaviour patterns (Rosenman u. Friedman, 1964). Of 39 type A post-MI patients, 13 (randomly selected) subjects were included in the "trial group" (VG), and participated, within a 4-8 week inpatient rehabilitation programme, in psychological training of stress management, relaxation, and self-control techniques; 3 patients denied participation; the remaining 23 type A post-MI patients, and the 20 type A smoker counselling clients, served as control group KG (A) and KG (B), who did not receive psychological training. Psychological and physiological parameters were assessed at the beginning (t1), the end (t2), as well as 3 and 6 months (t3 and t4) following completion of the psychological training. The results obtained confirm that the MI group includes significantly more type A persons (80 percent) than the cardiologically inconspicious control group of smokers (48 percent). Analysis of the data obtained at the various measurement points show that, as opposed to KG (A) and KG (B), significant improvements have in fact occurred in the trial group, such as reduced mental and psychovegetative stress reactions, which persisted even 3 months after programme completion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗
PubMed1987

Hypnosis as an intervention for pain control.

The use of formal hypnosis and/or positive, comforting suggestions to patients for control of pain, fear, and anxiety is simple and effective. In addition, it is easy to learn and teach to patients. Spiegel states that hypnosis, a group of techniques long associated with fantasies of loss of control, is ironically very helpful in actually enhancing patients' sense of control. The clinicians daring to become proficient in the use of hypnotic trance must begin with a conscious effort to abandon all negative suggestions such as "Do you have pain?"; "How much do you hurt?"; and "Move your bad leg." Simultaneously, a conscious effort is made to increase the use of the following positive suggestions: "How comfortable are you going to be tonight?" "Your hand feels so soft and warm"; "It is important to move this leg." These communication skills are best learned from clinicians skilled in hypnotherapeutic techniques. Simultaneously, it is important to become familiar with the works of Erikson and Barber. The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis will provide information about the national organizations and state hypnosis societies that offer approved workshops, conferences, and training opportunities. Hypnosis as analgesia surely provides rest, relaxation, and comfort for patients without the negative side effects of other analgesics. In addition, the ultimate benefit of hypnotic analgesia lies in enabling patients to potentiate their inner strength, resulting in improved self-esteem and self-control.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factor analysis of the structure of nocturnal sleep and the results of psychodiagnostic examination in man].

Factor analysis was carried out of sleep structure and results of complex psychodiagnostic study in 35 subjects. Seven orthogonal factors were singled out. It is shown that alarm level is connected with fast sleep general presentation; the system of psychological defences is linked with the fast sleep in the second cycle; the self-control in alert state and the transfer from alertness to sleep are interrelated, and duration of the first and last sleep cycles are reciprocally connected.

Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire↗
PubMed1986

Oral phenylalanine loading and sunlight as source of UVA irradiation in vitiligo on the Caribbean island of Curacao NA.

Recently, favourable results have been reported from oral L-phenylalanine (Phe) combined with UVA/sunlight irradiation (Phe-UVA) in the treatment of vitiligo. In the present pilot study vitiligo patients were treated on a thrice weekly scheme of 50 mg Phe.kg-1 body weight and exposed to sunlight as a source of UVA. An observed 81% response on the skin disorder correlates with earlier figures; 43% responded within 3 months. The self-controlled treatment includes the risk of over-irradiation, as possibly happened with one patient. The repigmentation was predominantly of follicular pattern. The assumption that Phe plays a central biochemical regulatory role in melanin, catecholamine and antibody synthesis forms an attractive challenge for the explanation of repigmentation and requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Developmental competency.

Society progressively has been giving children and adolescents a greater degree of autonomy in the decisions affecting their own lives. This increase in responsibility has followed the corresponding increases and awareness of their rights and developmental needs. In this article, a review of the historical development of competency in children is presented. The status of current psychiatric thinking and science is reviewed and the areas of much needed future research are addressed. A general schema is proposed for practical application in balancing parental input with increasing self-control of the child's decisions. Developmental competency of children is a difficult and complex issue that requires careful attention in its assessment.

Adolescent↗