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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Bioequivalence of subcutaneous injections of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon(R)) by Pen-injector and syringe.

A randomized, single-centre, cross-over study was designed to compare the bioavailability of two pharmaceutical formulations of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (recFSH; Puregon(R)): (i) a dissolved cake injected by a normal syringe; and (ii) a ready-for-use solution injected using a device referred to as Puregon(R)Pen. Twenty-two healthy female volunteers underwent one of two administration sequences: Puregon(R)Pen/syringe or syringe/Puregon(R)Pen, by which they received a single subcutaneous dose of recFSH (150 IU). Endogenous gonadotrophin production had been previously suppressed using an oral contraceptive (Lyndiol(R)). Pharmacokinetic parameters characterizing rate [peak concentration (Cmax) and time of peak concentration (tmax)] and extent [area under the curve (AUC) and clearance (CL)] of absorption were obtained from 20 subjects. After injection with both formulations, serum FSH concentrations reached a peak of 3.4 IU/l at 13 h after injection. The elimination half-life was approximately 34 h, irrespective of formulation. A difference of approximately 18% was found between serum FSH concentrations obtained using the two formulations, which was caused by differences between the anticipated and the actual volume injected with the normal syringe. After correction for injection losses by weighing the amount injected with a normal syringe, the two formulations were found to be bioequivalent with respect to Cmax, AUC and CL. For tmax, bioequivalence could not be proven due to high intra-subject variability and broad absorption peaks of FSH. Both methods were well tolerated, local reactions being generally mild and short-lived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Perinephric abscess from insulin syringe reuse.

Perinephric abscess is a rare and often missed diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus and injection drug use are often considered among the predisposing factors for perinephric abscess. Diabetic patients are taught to discard insulin syringes after a single use. Described here is a patient who developed perinephric abscess from contaminated insulin syringes. Physicians are often unaware of the high prevalence of disposable insulin syringe reuse in the community.

Abscess↗
PubMed2002

Does bleach disinfection of syringes protect against hepatitis C infection among young adult injection drug users?

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a major public health problem among injection drug users. In this analysis we examine whether disinfection of syringes with bleach has a potentially protective effect on anti-HCV seroconversion. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study comparing 78 anti-HCV seroconverters with 390 persistently anti-HCV seronegative injection drug users. These data come from the Second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study, a prospective cohort study that recruited injection drug users from five U.S. cities between 1997 and 1999. We used conditional logistic regression to determine the effect of bleach disinfection of syringes on anti-HCV seroconversion. RESULTS: Participants who reported using bleach all the time had an odds ratio (OR) for anti-HCV seroconversion of 0.35 (95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.62), whereas those reporting bleach use only some of the time had an odds ratio of 0.76 (0.21-2.70), when compared with those reporting no bleach use. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bleach disinfection of syringes, although not a substitute for use of sterile needles or cessation of injection, may help to prevent HCV infection among injection drug users.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Syringe exchange not associated with social network formation: results from Baltimore.

OBJECTIVE: To examine possible formation of new social contacts at the Baltimore Syringe Exchange Program (SEP). DESIGN: Systematic sub-sample of new SEP participants recruited into evaluation cohort for biannual interviews. This analysis used 6-month interview data. METHODS: Participants were interviewed for behavioral and network characteristics, and number of new social contacts formed at the SEP. Variables were cross-tabulated using chi2 statistics. RESULTS: Of 413 participants interviewed, 32 (8%) said they had made at least one social contact at the SEP. These 32 individuals were more likely to have engaged in commercial sex (16 versus 3%, P = 0.005) and, among active injectors, were more likely to have used syringes obtained from other drug users (22 versus 8%, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Findings argue against the formation of new social networks (and therefore new disease transmission networks) in the context of syringe exchange participation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Measurement of intraosseous pressures generated by the Wand, high-pressure periodontal ligament syringe, and the Stabident system.

Intraosseous pressure generated by the use of three anesthetic systems-the Wand; a hand-operated high-pressure periodontal ligament (PDL) syringe; and the Stabident system-were studied in fresh mandibles of 14 large swine. The mandibles were drilled and tapped in one area of both the right and left posterior molar regions. Pressure gauges were attached via threaded fittings. Pressures during injection were recorded for the Wand first, then the PDL syringe, and finally Stabident. Results showed averages of 8.3 mm Hg generated by the Wand, 16.3 mm Hg with the high-pressure PDL syringe, and 43.7 mm Hg from the Stabident system. Results were corroborated with data from three human cadaver mandibles.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Clinical immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine delivered by the Injex jet injector: comparison with standard syringe injection.

BACKGROUND: The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine confers trivalent immunity in >90% of subjects immunized. Alternatives to the use of needles for vaccine administration have recently been made available. We report the safety and efficacy of MMR vaccine delivered by a new needle-free jet injector (Injex) compared with needle syringe administration. METHODS: Forty adolescent subjects were injected bilaterally via needle syringe and jet injector with MMR vaccine and reconstitution buffer. Subjects were blinded as to which device contained the vaccine. Subjects were followed longitudinally for 12 weeks postimmunization, and titers to measles, mumps and rubella immunogens were determined by enzyme immunoassays. Injection pain was quantified using the visual analog pain scale. RESULTS: Adverse events were mild and included injection site soreness (jet injector, 2.5% of subjects; needle, 12.5%), injection site bleeding (jet injector, 0%; needle, 7.5%), malaise (jet injector, 0%; needle, 5%) and fever (jet injector, 0%; needle, 2.5%). All subjects displayed measles titers significantly above baseline during the follow-up. Ninety-five percent of subjects displayed titers above baseline for the mumps antigen vs. 97.5% for rubella. No significant differences in immunogenicity were found between groups receiving the vaccine via the jet injector or the needle syringe at any time during the follow-up (P > 0.05). Injection pain scores were not significantly different between injector types (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine can be safely and effectively delivered by the Injex jet injector. This device therefore provides an alternative to standard needle injection and a methodology that might reduce the risk of needle stick accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Infection control basis for recommending one-time use of sterile syringes and aseptic procedures for injection drug users.

Persons who inject drugs are at increased risk for many infectious diseases, including HIV. Reuse of syringes and needles and other equipment used to prepare and inject drugs increases the risk of infection with blood-borne and other pathogens. According to standard infection control guidelines, needles and syringes and their contents fall within the critical category of patient contact because they enter the normally sterile vascular space. Medical equipment considered critical should be treated or prepared in a manner that destroys vegetative and spore-forming microbes. The simplest way to ensure this level of hygienic practice is to use prepackaged, sterile, disposable needles and syringes and to use sterile drug preparation equipment and drugs. These recommendations are made as part of a comprehensive infection prevention program designed for injection drug users.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

A syringe for extradural analgesia.

A specially designed 20 ml syringe for eliciting the loss of resistance test is described together with a suitably adapted Tuohy needle. This syringe and needle are primarily intended for use by those gaining experience in extradural analgesia (and such experience is readily transferred to any syringe) but it is considered that the consummate ease of operation will be appreciated by others.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1977

A technique for sealing glass syringes.

A device is described for the sealing of glass syringes, which allows the removal of multiple aliquots from the syringe. There is no demonstrable deterioration in the oxygen content of the sample 1 hour after multiple aliquot removal, when the sample syringe is stored in an ice/water mixture.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1977

Gases stored in disposable syringes. A study of changes in their concentrations.

Plastic syringes of 5 and 20 ml capacity of various composition were filled with either 8% CO2 in nitrogen or with 50% O2 in nitrogen. The syringes were closed with plastic stopcocks, stored on benches in a laboratory, and the gas concentrations within the syringes was measured at intervals up to 33 hours. Changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in the first three hours were negligible. Over the longer time span carbon dioxide diffusion was 18-65 times faster than that of oxygen.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1994

Shelf-lives and factors affecting the stability of morphine sulphate and meperidine (pethidine) hydrochloride in plastic syringes for use in patient-controlled analgesic devices.

Published reports regarding the stability of morphine are at variance, especially in syringes used in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices. In addition to the effects of container type and vehicle, reasons for this variation include the effect of excipients temperature and light during storage. Furthermore, the literature varies regarding the mechanisms of decomposition for morphine. To our knowledge, the stability of meperidine (pethidine) stored in plastic syringes has not been reported. The purposes of this study were to investigate the stability of morphine sulphate (1 and 5 mg/ml) and meperidine hydrochloride (5 and 10 mg/ml) in plastic syringes for use in PCA devices for a duration of 12 weeks, and evaluate the influence of light (240 foot-candles), temperature (-20, 4 and 23 degrees C), diluent (5% dextrose or normal saline), and drug concentration on the stability of these narcotic analgesics. Samples were taken bi-weekly for solutions protected from light and weekly for solutions exposed to light. Morphine sulphate and meperidine hydrochloride concentrations were quantified using independent, stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic assays. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for these assays were < or = 4% over each of the concentration ranges studied. Under the conditions of this study, it is proposed that although decomposition of morphine to its main product, pseudomorphine, can be interpreted using first-order kinetics, consecutive (to form the N-oxide) and parallel mechanisms (to form apomorphine) exist. Morphine solutions were more stable in normal saline than in 5% dextrose. Shelf-life data indicate that morphine is stable for at least 6 weeks when protected from light.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1996

Chemical stability and adsorption of atracurium besylate injections in disposable plastic syringes.

Atracurium besylate (AB) is supplied as a sterile, non-pyrogenic aqueous solution for intravenous use. Hospitals pre-fill disposable plastic syringes with these solutions so that they are ready for immediate use when required. Drug loss due to potential adsorption on to the plastic material of the syringes has not been studied. Atracurium is also administered by intravenous infusion using a diluted solution in either 5% dextrose injection (USP) or 0.9% sodium chloride injection USP. Drug solutions not used within 24 h are usually discarded, resulting in tremendous waste. The purpose of these investigations was to determine the adsorption behaviour of atracurium when stored in plastic syringes, and to study the degradation of atracurium in i.v. fluids. For the adsorption study, 10 mg/ml solutions were used, whereas the diluted infusion solutions were prepared to contain 0.5 mg/ml of atracurium. Drug degradation was monitored using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Degradation studies were conducted at 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Refrigeration was observed to improve drug stability. The manufacturer's recommended expiry period was too conservative. Storage at room temperature for up to 6 weeks can be safely recommended, without significant loss of chemical stability.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Utilization of Pharma-Plast syringes for gas level determination.

A comparative study has been made of Pharma-Plast and Arterial-Blood-Sampler-B-109 syringes. Thirty-two syringes were studied in each group: their properties were compared with regard to blood sampling from intravascular catheters with the object of gas level determination. A comparison of the two groups showed no significant difference. It is concluded that there are economic advantages in using the cheaper, simple Pharma-Plast syringes for gas level determination, if the blood is withdrawn from an intravascular catheter. They are particularly recommended for departments carrying out cardiac and vascular surgery, and for scientific projects.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Transfusions via hand-held syringes and small-gauge needles as risk factors for hyperkalemia.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric emergency RBC transfusions are often infused rapidly through 22-gauge (ga) or smaller needles or catheters using hand-held syringes. Data relating needle size, unit age, and infusion rate are needed to assess the risk of hemolysis and hyperkalemia in this setting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple simulated transfusions were performed during storage of RBC units. Aliquots from five units were rapidly passed through needles (18, 20, 22-25 ga) using a hand-held syringe. Resulting plasma Hb and K+ concentrations were measured. Free Hb levels were used as a measure of needle-associated hemolysis (NAH). RESULTS: Passage through 18-ga and 20-ga needles caused no hemolysis, but rapid passage through 23-ga, 24-ga, and 25-ga did. RBCs stored less than 7 days showed significant K+ release with 23- to 25-ga needles. The greatest needle-associated K+ release was 10 mEq per L, on Day 5. Due to high K+ concentrations resulting from spontaneous efflux, K+ release from NAH was not detectable after 2 or more weeks of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Rapidly transfusing RBCs using hand-held syringes through 23-ga or smaller needles can cause hemolysis. In RBCs stored 2 weeks or more, NAH does not measurably increase K+ concentrations above that present from storage-related efflux. During rapid transfusions, RBC storage time is the primary risk factor for transfusion-associated hyperkalemia.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of the force to expel oily injection vehicles from syringes.

Measurement of the force needed to expel oily injection vehicles from all-glass syringes through hypodermic needles has shown that the force required to maintain various rates of expulsion is in agreement with a modified form of the Poiseuille equation. The flow from disposable plastic syringes with rubber plunger tips fits this equation only if a correction is made to take account of the resistance to movement of the plunger (which is effectively zero for all-glass syringes). This resistance or binding force was shown to be increased by exposure to vegetable oils, and its magnitude was inversely dependent on vehicle viscosity. This increase was caused by swelling of the rubber plunger tips due to uptake of the oily vehicles by the rubber. No such increase in binding force was observed with a viscous aqueous vehicle.

Oils↗
PubMed1982

Blood gas analysis: effect of air bubbles in syringe and delay in estimation.

Two common sources of error in blood pH and blood gas analysis were studied. The effect of delay in estimation was studied in 10 volunteers and 40 patients. Syringes were stored at 0 degree C, (crushed ice), 4 degrees C (refrigerator) and 22 degrees C (room temperature). The pressure of oxygen (PO2) fell significantly by 20 minutes at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C but did not change significantly at 0 degree C for up to 30 minutes. Blood pH, pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and base excess did not change significantly for up to 30 minutes at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C and up to 60 minutes at 0 degrees C. The effect of air bubbles in the syringe was studied by leaving a single bubble or froth in contact with the blood for one to five minutes in 40 patients. Po2 rose significantly after two minutes' contact with froth and two minutes' contact with the air bubble, and PCO2 fell significantly after three minutes' contact with the air bubble. Size of the bubble had little effect on rates of change. Blood pH, bicarbonate, TCO2, and base excess did not change significantly after up to five minutes' contact. For accurate estimation of PO2 and PCO2 it is necessary to avoid frothing, to expel all air bubbles within two minutes, and to inject the sample into the machine within 10 minutes or store the syringe in crushed ice. The requirements for blood pH and base excess measurement are less exacting.

Air↗
PubMed2002

Vertebroplasty: reusable flange converter with hub lock for injection of polymethylmethacrylate with screw-plunger syringe.

During percutaneous vertebroplasty, a screw-plunger syringe provides a powerful controlled injection, but coupling of the screw plunger with interchangeable disposable standard syringe barrels results in syringe flange bending failure during the middle of the injection. A flange converter produced from stainless steel and a hub lock produced from plastic or aluminum were used during vertebroplasty at 172 levels in 86 patient-treatment sessions. The flange converter and hub lock increase the achievable volume that can be injected, can be fabricated with hand machining, and cost much less than other commercially available devices.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Modification of a syringe for aspiration biopsy.

To reduce the risk of accidental needle-stick injury during fine-needle aspiration biopsy, a syringe to be used in such procedures was modified. In five cases, a small hole, punctured in the barrel of a syringe above the level to which the plunger is routinely retracted, allowed the syringe to fill with air. The specimen was expressed onto a slide without the necessity of removing and reattaching the needle. This modification reduces the need to handle contaminated needles.

Air↗