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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Acute kidney failure due to stings by Africanized bees].

Africanized bees are unique in their aggressive behavior, characterized by massive attacks during which the victims are injected an important amount of venom. For this reason, Africanized bees are extremely dangerous. Their venom contains biological toxic substances, mainly mellitin, phospholipases, histamine, hyaluronidase and apamin. Non-sensitized persons that survive a massive attack may develop acute renal failure, as a consequence of the severe hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and shock. These complications may lead to acute renal tubular necrosis. Also, the clinical pattern and treatment of the acute renal failure secondary to bee stings are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2006

Nitroglycerine in scorpion sting with decompensated shock.

This study was designed to examine the effect of nitroglycerine infusion in children hospitalized for scorpion sting with severe myocardial dysfunction and decompensated shock. Children satisfying the inclusion criteria were started on nitroglycerine infusion under hemodynamic monitoring and other supportive measures. The effects of nitroglycerine, including improvement in oxygenation and decrease in pulmonary congestion and liver size were recorded. Seven out of 11 children responded well to nitroglycerine therapy and the clinical response was evident within 30 to 60 minutes. The first parameter to improve was oxygen saturation, followed by an improvement in the blood pressure and respiratory rate. Heart rate was the last parameter to improve after nitroglycerine infusion. The average duration of nitroglycerine infusion was 25 hours (12 - 36 hours). It was seen that the non-survivors had significant tachycardia at admission, and a greater need for assisted ventilation compared to the survivors. We conclude that nitroglycerine therapy could bring about significant improvement in myocardial function and hemodynamic parameters with a potential for improved survival.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Myocarditis and multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarction following scorpion sting.

An unusual case of scorpion sting followed by multiple cerebral and cerebellar watershed infarctions is being reported. Myocarditis, hypotension and hypoperfusion infarction is being considered as the possible explanation for this pathology. Hypoperfusion leading to parieto-occipital infarction has been reported earlier, however cerebellar infarction in this context is extremely rare.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of species specific anti-scorpion venom serum (AScVS) against severe, serious scorpion stings (Mesobuthus tamulus concanesis Pocock)--an experience from rural hospital in western Maharashtra.

BACKGROUND: Death caused by scorpion envenoming is a common event in the tropical and subtropical countries including many regions in India. Severe scorpion envenoming causes an autonomic storm producing multi-system organ-failure (MSOF) and death. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of Anti-scorpion venom serum (AScVS) in patients stung by scorpions (Mesobuthus tamulus concanesis Pocock--earlier called Buthus tamulus); to compare it with other modalities of therapy and to detect complications, if any, arising out of AScVS treatment. METHODS: Total 48 patients of severe, serious scorpion envenoming syndrome were studied during the period from 1992 to 2002. In 17 patients AScVS was the only mode of treatment. Others had received adjunctive therapy along with AScVS. RESULTS: 47 patients out of 48 scorpion sting victims recovered completely. Recovery period in patients given AScVS (10 hours) was faster than those who received alpha blockers (16-42 hours). No anaphylactic reaction with AScVS was observed. CONCLUSIONS: AScVS is effective and safe method of therapy in severe scorpion envenoming syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Bee sting optic neuritis. A case report with visual evoked potentials.

Simultaneous recordings of the pattern visual evoked potential and the pattern electroretinogram were recorded in a case of unilateral optic neuritis following a bee sting on the eye. The patient presented with severe eye pain, apoplectic visual loss, acute optic disc swelling and minimal signs of ocular inflammation and eyelid edema. The vision failed to recover. The electrophysiological recordings initially showed a delay in the P100 wave of the pattern visual evoked potential. On follow-up, a normal latency and amplitude of the P50 wave of the pattern electroretinogram was recorded with the flattening of the N95 component, but the pattern visual evoked potential was absent. The data suggests that the optic nerve was demyelinated acutely, and that subsequently axonal loss and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Severe systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings in three dogs.

Three dogs were treated for acute severe systemic reactions following Hymenoptera stings. The reactions were characterized clinically by CNS depression, shock, and hemorrhage, and clinicopathologically by inflammation, liver injury, renal disease, hypoproteinemia, and possible disseminated intravascular coagulation. The severe systemic reaction may have resulted from allergic mechanisms, toxic, nonimmunologic mechanisms, or both. Rapid correction of hypovolemia and prevention of vascular stasis are the most important aspects of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Androctonus crassicauda sting and its clinical study in Iran.

Androctonus crassicauda is the second most frequent cause of scorpion sting in southwest Iran. Its toxin can cause severe pain, autonomic, CNS, and muscle function disturbances, and death. Appropriate medical and nursing care can lead to complete recovery with no sequelae.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests in the diagnosis of imported fire ant sting allergy.

The specificities and sensitivities of skin test reactivity to imported fire ant (IFA) whole body extract (WBE) and IFA venom were compared with IFA WBE RAST and IFA venom RAST in the diagnosis of IFA allergy. Study groups consisted of 18 IFA allergic patients and 21 control subjects with no history of allergy to insect stings. All IFA allergic patients had positive skin tests to both IFA WBE and IFA venom. Six of 21 (29%) control subjects also had positive skin tests to both IFA WBE and IFA venom. A commercial IFA WBE RAST was positive in 10 of 18 (56%) IFA-allergic patients and 2 of 21 (10%) control subjects. Imported fire ant aqueous venom RAST was positive in 11 of 11 (100%) IFA-allergic patients and three of ten (30%) control subjects. Vespa IFA venom RAST was positive in 16 of 18 (89%) IFA-allergic patients and 5 of 21 (24%) controls. The sensitivities and specificities of IFA WBE skin testing, IFA venom skin testing, and IFA venom RAST did not differ significantly. Imported fire ant WBE RAST was less sensitive than the other diagnostic methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal failure and death after multiple stings in Papua New Guinea. Ecology, prevention and management of attacks by vespid wasps.

Although most species of wasps are solitary and no hazard to humans, attacks by colonies of large social wasps of the family Vespidae, which commonly are known as hornets, can result in envenomation with severe toxicity. The effects of such envenomation on six persons from Papua New Guinea are described and discussed in the light of other published reports from Melanesia, Asia, Europe and America. Four deaths and at least four cases of acute renal failure occurred. Vespa affinis (L.), 1764 was responsible for at least two deaths and Vespa tropica (L.), 1764 for one death. The ecology of vespids in Asia and the Pacific is reviewed and guide-lines for the prevention of wasp attacks are outlined, including appropriate clothing, and the recognition, avoidance and selective destruction of nests. A description is helpful in the identification of the species of insect that was responsible for clinical cases. Management includes hospitalization for victims of multiple stings, with careful monitoring for early and late damage to kidneys, blood, liver and muscle.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bee sting and relapse of nephrotic syndrome.

In a group of 180 children with nephrotic syndrome and followed up in one institution, 3 of them relapsed subsequently to a bee sting. Proteinuria disappeared after steroid therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Hymenoptera stings: the atopic person in danger. Allergy to Hymenoptera venoms].

The author reviews the clinical and therapeutic aspects of hymenoptera sting diseases in children. Lethal anaphylactic reactions are very rare. Progresses in prophylactic treatments of patients with a history of anaphylactic reaction have been made through venom immunotherapy, but a careful analysis of the clinical data must be done before starting such a treatment.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Desensitization of patients with bee sting allergy using pure bee venom.

Forty patients who had previously experienced severe systemic reactions after a bee sting were desensitized using pure bee venom. A modified 'Rush' regimen was employed whereby patients received two injections a week and reached maximal desensitization in 5 weeks. Eleven patients have subsequently been stung again and have developed no generalized reaction. Although this form of desensitization is considered to be highly effective in protecting sensitive patients, both generalized and local side-effects were frequent. Maintenance desensitizing injections are required every month for an indefinite period. It is concluded that desensitization with pure been venom should be undertaken only in highly selected sensitive patients, and should be performed under strict control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the radioallergosorbent test to intradermal skin testing in the diagnosis of stinging insect venom allergy.

RAST and skin tests were compared for five venoms in a group of 60 patients with histories of stinging insect allergy. Twelve patients were skin test negative to all venoms and also RAST negative. The 48 skin test positive patients gave an 88% correlation of RAST and skin test with 92% of the skin test positive patients RAST positive and 82% of the RAST positive patients skin test positive. If patients strongly positive to honey bee showing positive RAST to vespids with negative skin test were not counted, then 91% of the RAST positive patients were skin positive. The term "false" should not be used in relating RAST to skin test results without supporting challenge evidence.

Bee Venoms↗
PubMed1977

[Allergy to insect stings (author's transl)].

Generalised reactions after an insect bite call for an exact diagnosis: nonspecific general reactions must be distinguished from true allergic reactions. 12 children with allergic reactions to bee and/or wasp stings were investigated. The results of the skin tests and the allergen-specific IgE determinations were compared and found to vary distinctly in some cases. In addition to immediate therapy (emergency pharmacy), specific hyposensitization over several years is indicated. Observation of the course of IgE antibodies is presented.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1983

Wasp sting anaphylaxis.

Profuse hemostatic defects were demonstrable 14 hr after wasp sting anaphylaxis. The patient's plasma contained an agent or agents that interfered with the action of thrombin, impeding the release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen and the hydrolysis of the synthetic amide H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide. This inhibitor could not be equated with known plasma inhibitors of thrombin nor with heparin. Additionally, the titers of nearly all other known clotting factors were reduced as compared to levels obtained after the patient's recovery. Of particular interest were profound reductions in the titers of proaccelerin (factor V) and high molecular weight kininogen. A normal titer of Hageman factor (factor XII) argued against participation of contact-activated mechanisms in the induction of the multiple abnormalities observed. Attempts to demonstrate the release of procoagulant or anticoagulant substances from the patient's convalescent blood, plasma, serum, or leukocytes upon challenge with wasp venom were unsuccessful. The observations reported confirm and extend information concerning hemostatic abnormalities in anaphylaxis, and point out the need to examine further this puzzling association.

Adult↗