Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SCALP DERMATOSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The use of the freer dissector for the removal of trichilemmal cysts.

BACKGROUND: Trichilemmal cysts are keratin-containing cysts, usually situated on the scalp. They often show an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Excision is the treatment of choice. We describe a practical surgical technique that eases the removal of these cysts. METHODS: A 24-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of cystic lesions on her scalp, clinically diagnosed as trichilemmal cysts. She was treated with the new technique. After making a small incision under local anesthesia, a freer dissector (Aesculap(R) OL 165 R) was used as a blunt dissector. The freer dissector was inserted through the incision. A blunt dissection was made to dissect the cyst free from the surrounding dermis and, by using the dissector as a lever, gentle pressure was applied to the opposite side to ease the cyst from the dermis. Four cysts were removed with this technique. RESULTS: The treatment was well tolerated by the patient. No complications developed during or after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This modified technique is simple and practical. The slight curve at each end of the freer dissector makes it easy to grasp the cyst and, functioning like forceps, the cyst can be eased from the dermis. We believe that the use of the freer dissector in the surgical excision of trichilemmal cysts aids and speeds up the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pityriasis amiantacea: a clinical and etiopathologic study of 85 patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies on pityriasis amiantacea (PA) in the literature are limited and mostly retrospective. We prospectively analyzed the clinical and etiopathologic factors in a large series of PA diagnosed at our department within a defined period (2000-01). METHODS: All PA patients who attended our department were evaluated clinically and underwent bacteriologic, mycologic, and histopathologic examinations. Forty healthy control persons were similarly subjected to bacteriologic and mycologic investigations of their scalp hairs. RESULTS: A total of 85 PA patients were collected and studied. Pathological diagnosis of scalp psoriasis was confirmed in 35.3% of cases. Eczematous features suggesting a diagnosis of seborrheic and atopic dermatitis were detected in 34.2%. Diagnosis of tinea capitis, diagnosed by potassium hydroxide preparation, fungal culture, and periodic-acid Schiff staining, was detected in 12.9% of the PA patients. Staphylococcus isolates were detected in 96.5% of the PA patients compared with 15% in healthy persons as the control (P > 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Pityriasis amiantacea represents a particular reaction pattern of the scalp to various inflammatory scalp diseases. The most frequent skin diseases associated with PA are psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis. It is important to keep the diagnosis of tinea capitis in mind when evaluating PA patients. Staphylococci on the scalp could participate in the pathogenesis of PA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in schoolchildren in Mersin, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis is an endemic parasitosis affecting many countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of head lice infestation in Mersin, Turkey. METHODS: A total of 5318 elementary schoolchildren, aged 8-16 years, were examined for the presence of Pediculus capitis. If any evidence of head lice was detected, such as live or dead eggs, or nits, the child was considered to be infected. The following details were recorded for each child: age, sex, family size, monthly income, number of siblings, parents' education, presence or absence of social security of the family, pet (cat or dog) ownership, and frequency of hair washing (per week). The chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the results. RESULTS: Pediculosis capitis was detected in 360 (6.8%) children. The prevalence of infestation was significantly higher in girls (13.3%) than in boys (1.1%) (chi2 = 313.2, d.f. = 1, P = 0.000). Children aged 8-9 years exhibited a significantly lower prevalence rate than those aged 10-11 years and those aged 12 years and above. The following variables were found to be statistically significantly related to pediculosis capitis: sex, age, father's education level, and pet ownership (cat or dog). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the prevalence of pediculosis capitis is not very high in Mersin, Turkey, and is observed in all schools regardless of the socio-economic and personal hygiene status of the children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Head lice on pillows, and strategies to make a small risk even less.

BACKGROUND: Due to a lack of evidence, controversy exists about the role of bedding in the transmission of head lice. AIMS: To determine the proportion of the head lice population found on pillowcases of people with head lice, and to test strategies available to householders to kill head lice on pillowcases. METHODS: To assess the incidence of head lice on pillowcases, people with active pediculosis had their head lice collected and counted and the pillowcase they had used the night before examined for head lice. To test strategies to kill head lice on pillowcases, live head lice were experimentally placed in miniature pillowcases, and the cases were subjected to a hot wash, a cold wash, hot dryer, and hanging out to dry on an outdoor clothes line. RESULTS: Forty-eight people and their pillowcases were recruited from Townsville, Qld, Australia (dry tropics). One thousand, eight hundred and forty-five lice were collected from their heads to give an average and median intensity of infection of 38.4 and 21 lice, respectively. Two of the 48 pillowcases contained live lice, one nymph on each, 2 h and 9 h after the pillowcases had been removed from the bed. Another pillowcase contained a dehydrated nymph. The incidence of live lice on pillowcases was 4.2% per night and the proportion of the head louse population on the pillowcases was 0.11%. Heat (hot wash and hot clothes dryer) killed head lice experimentally placed in pillowcases. Cold wash and hanging pillowcases out to dry did not kill head lice. CONCLUSIONS: Head lice transfer to pillowcases at night, but the incidence is low. Pillowcases pose a risk for re-infection with head lice, but the risk is low, and changing the pillowcase is a reasonably cost-efficient strategy to minimize this risk. Lice on pillowcases can be killed by heating the pillowcase by immersion in water at > 60 degrees C, by a hot wash, or by 15 min in a hot clothes dryer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ciclopirox gel for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder that usually occurs in patients with pre-existing seborrhea. The etiology of seborrheic dermatitis is uncertain. Typically, sites dense with sebaceous glands support growth of the lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur. Ciclopirox (Loprox) gel is a hydroxypyridone, broad-spectrum antifungal agent proven effective against the yeast M. furfur. OBJECTIVE: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled study of 178 subjects evaluated the efficacy of ciclopirox gel in treating seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight subjects were randomized to apply either ciclopirox gel 0.77% twice daily, or vehicle twice daily for 28 days. Subjects' signs and symptoms of severity (erythema, scaling, pruritus and burning) were rated on a scale of 0-3 (none to severe); for inclusion, a minimum score of 4, for the sum of the individual ratings was required. Efficacy evaluations were performed at baseline, days 4, 8, 15, 22, 29, and at end-point (final visit, up to day 33). The primary efficacy variable was clinical response assessed by a global improvement, based on a scale of 0-5 (100% clearance to flare of treatment area). Changes in signs/symptoms severity scores within the target lesion were also evaluated. RESULTS: Global evaluation scores demonstrated that significantly more ciclopirox-treated subjects achieved over 75% improvement compared with vehicle at days 22, 29, and endpoint (P < 0.01). Change-from-baseline mean score for total signs and symptoms was significantly greater in ciclopirox subjects compared with vehicle subjects at the same time points as above (P < 0.001), as well as day 15 (P < 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of subjects rated ciclopirox as having excellent cosmetic acceptability. There were only mild adverse events, with the most common being burning sensation in 13% of ciclopirox subjects and 9% of vehicle subjects. CONCLUSION: Ciclopirox gel is effective and safe in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Getting ahead of head lice.

Dermatologists are the nominal experts in the management of head lice in Australia, yet many dermatologists infrequently treat patients with this condition. Most people are managed in the community by school nurses, local council health officers, pharmacists, paediatricians or general practitioners. Only a small number will present to the dermatologist and commonly these patients will have tried a variety of treatments and failed to respond. Resistance is reported to all of the currently available insecticide treatments and this makes management of this common community-acquired infestation more involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Persistent head lice following multiple treatments: evidence for insecticide resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis.

Viable head lice were found on the scalps of two family members following multiple topical insecticide treatments. The possibility of reinfestation had been reliably excluded. Persistent infestation could be diagnosed only after cutting the hair and combing repeatedly, which allowed visualization of juvenile (nymphal) and adult lice. Insecticide-resistant headlouse infestations are probably much more common than is generally realised and may persist unnoticed, so that more aggressive approaches will be needed to eradicate these ectoparasites from individuals and communities.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

We report a 24-year-old woman with androgenetic alopecia who became sensitized to topical minoxidil following use of an extemporaneous preparation of minoxidil 4% with retinoic acid in a propylene glycol base. She subsequently also became sensitized to saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), a topical herbal extract commonly promoted for the treatment of hair loss.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Ulcerated juvenile xanthogranuloma of the scalp.

A 7-month-old girl presented with a single rapidly enlarging thickly crusted lesion on her frontal scalp. Histology was consistent with a juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) with ulceration and surface crust formation. Reports of ulcerating, crusted lesions of JXG are rare and the few reports have been confined to giant forms or those involving mucosal sites. This unusual presentation delayed diagnosis. Our report highlights the great variability in clinical presentation of JXG and is a reminder to consider this diagnosis in the differential of any lesion developing in an infant, particularly on the head, neck and upper trunk.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Double-blind clinical study reveals synergistic action between alpha-hydroxy acid and betamethasone lotions towards topical treatment of scalp psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE: A double-blind, single-site, split-face clinical study was organized and carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a glycolic acid containing scalp lotion in conjunction with a betamethasone (as the 17-valerate) scalp application against conditions of psoriasis. BACKGROUND: Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) have been proposed as therapeutic modalities against skin exfoliative conditions such as ichthyosis, xeroderma, and psoriasis. AHAs are hereby clinically investigated as therapeutic modalities adjuvant to corticosteroids in order to diminish systemic and topical adverse side-effects most frequently associated with use of the latter. METHODS: Twenty patients suffering from scalp psoriasis and other psoriatic conditions were included in a double-blind, split-face clinical study, using combinations of a 10% (w/w) glycolic acid scalp lotion, placebo lotion (excipients only), and a 0.1% (w/w) betamethasone scalp application, applied twice daily without any bandage for a period of 8 weeks. Clinical assessments were carried out by highly experienced physician evaluations based on a four-grade scale, prior to treatment and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Improvement was observed in all cases included in the study following treatment with the 10% glycolic acid lotion. However, when equal parts of the 0.1% betamethasone lotion were combined, most of the treated sites were healed. Moreover, the duration of treatment required for healing was in this case reduced to approximately half of that needed when the glycolic acid or the betamethasone lotions were used separately for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present clinical study demonstrates for the first time that the effective and well tolerated therapeutic efficacy of glycolic acid scalp lotions is enhanced when used in conjunction with a 0.1% betamethasone scalp application against scalp psoriasis. This potential offers the practising dermatologist with novel treatment modes against severe skin conditions by combining topical corticosteroid with exfoliative agent therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Blue naevus with satellitosis mimicking malignant melanoma.

Blue naevus is an acquired benign melanocytic naevus. It is a firm, sharply defined dark blue to grey-black papule or nodule, which is likely to arise from the arrested dermal melanocytes in the dermis. In the last few years, blue naevus has attracted much attention due to the recognition of new entities and to its confusion with malignant melanoma. We report a 69-year-old man who developed a blue-black nodular lesion with satellitosis on his scalp. Although clinically it was thought to be a malignant melanoma, histopathological investigation and conservative methods such as dermatoscopy and power Doppler ultrasonography did not confirm this diagnosis. Histopathological examination excluded malignant melanoma, as there were no cellular atypia and mitotic activity in either the nodular lesion or the satellitosis. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed the benign nature of the lesion. Dermatoscopic examination showed homogeneous steel-blue pigmentation with individual blue globules, dots and some brown veils, and confirmed the histopathological diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the third reported case of a blue naevus with satellitosis mimicking malignant melanoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Seasonality trends of Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis in a young adult population: follow-up of 20 years.

BACKGROUND: It is not mandatory to report Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis in most countries; therefore, little is known about the seasonality of these infestations. METHODS: We analysed the data based on routine and mandatory reporting of every case of Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis to the Army Health Branch Epidemiology Department, Israel, over the last two decades. RESULTS: The average 20-year incidence of Pediculosis capitis shows a significant rise during the warmer months (R2 = 0.692, P < 0.05) with a parallel significant decrease in the cooler months (R2 = 0.893, P < 0.05). The results for Phthirus pubis show a significantly higher person-time incidence in the winter (P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity during this time indicated that no single year was an important source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis capitis is more frequent in the warmer months, whereas Phthirus pubis is more dominant in the cooler months.

Adult↗