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PubMed2004

Fetal discourses and the politics of the womb.

Discourse on abortion rights inevitably centres on the fetus, and is often framed around the dichotomy of "pro-life" vs. "pro-choice" positions. This dichotomy is not, however, the only framework to discuss abortion; concerns about the fetus have found varied expression in theological, legal and medical constructs. This article examines discourses on the fetus from the Philippines, Iran and the United States, to show how complex they can be. It examines laws punishing abortion compared to laws punishing the murder of children, and also looks at the effects of ultrasound, amniocentesis and stem cell research on anti-abortion discourse. Although the fetus figures prominently in much legal discourse, it actually figures less prominently in popular discourse, at least in the English and Philippine languages, where terms like "child" and "baby" are used far more often. Finally, the article highlights the need to examine the experiences and narratives of women who have had abortions, and the implications for public policies and advocacy. It is important to expose the way anti-abortion groups manipulate popular culture and women's experience, driving home their messages through fear and guilt, and to show that pregnant women often decide on abortion in order to defend their family's right to survive.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2004

The status of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Japan: a criticism.

Advances in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are occurring worldwide. New clinics specializing in this approach to the control of disease genes or imbalanced chromosome numbers in human preimplantation embryos continue to increase. One exception is Japan, where the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology disapproves of this practice because it discriminates against people with genetic abnormalities. Yet, some doctors there wish to introduce this method to help their couples to improved forms of IVF. This paper stresses the rights of patients to have a healthy baby, if necessary by the use of PGD. It argues against prohibition, since it complements the current nature of prenatal diagnosis and avoids the need for abortions in case of afflicted embryos. Consideration is also given to other attempts at restriction that have failed.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Uneasy allies: pro-choice physicians, feminist health activists and the struggle for abortion rights.

Abortion represents a particularly interesting subject for a social movements analysis of healthcare issues because of the involvement of both feminist pro-choice activists and a segment of the medical profession. Although both groups have long shared the same general goal of legal abortion, the alliance has over time been an uneasy one, and in many ways a contradictory one. This paper traces points of convergence as well as points of contention between the two groups, specifically: highlighting the tensions between the feminist view of abortion as a women-centred service, with a limited, 'technical' role for the physicians, and the abortion-providing physicians' logic of further medicalization/professional upgrading of abortion services as a response to the longstanding marginality and stigmatisation of abortion providers. Only by noting the evolving relationships between these two crucial sets of actors can one fully understand the contemporary abortion rights movement. We conclude by speculating about similar patterns in medical/lay relationships in other health social movements where 'dissident doctors' and lay activists are similarly seeking recognition for medical services that are controversial.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1997

Life after death: preservation of the immortal seed.

In today's brave new world, women who suffer the loss of their husband or lover can call upon medical science to create a souvenir baby. The rights of the decedent over his genetic material and the rights of the child who is created therefrom are the subject of an evolving legal process. This Essay examines legal, moral and ethical issues which arise from post-mortem artificial insemination. It discusses the attendant conflicts of procreative rights, finality of probate, psychological issues, international law, and recent cases. Ultimately, comprehensive legislation must be enacted to address these issues.

Child↗