Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Radius”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Aplasia of the radius and mechanisms of deformity of the arm].

A complex study (roentgenographic, arteriographic, anatomic, anthrometric and microscopic) of 16 upper extremities of stillborn and deceased infants with aplasia and hypoplasia of the radius has been carried out. The etiologic factors of the defect were chromosomal and monogenic mutations and multifactor causes. It has been demonstrated that: 1) in cases of reduction of the radius the structure of the arteries, nerves and muscles in destroyed mostly in the radial border of the forearm and hand; 2) the severity of the changes in the anatomic depends on the type of the defect; 3) the pathomorphologic manifestations of the forms of the defect characterized by the same severity are mostly similar. The mechanisms of deformations of the hand in aplasia (hypoplasia of the radius) are discussed.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1990

[Conservative treatment of classical radius fractures].

In Colles' fractures of the radius the distal fragment is slanted dorsally and radially, dislocated dorsally and radially and supinated. The radius is shortened. Furthermore a comminution-zone of the dorsal cortex is found. In closed reduction the fracture is unwedged and reduced by recreating the mechanism of trauma in neutral position, rather a light dorsiflection is maintained to check secondary dislocation of the distal fragment and shortening of the radius. The cast should push the carpus slightly palmwards and hold the hand in light ulnar-duction. Immobilization is retained for four to six weeks. Radiologic review is performed 4, 8, 12 and 16 days post reduction so that timely change to a different form of fixation is possible in case of secondary dislocation.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

[Mirror-image osteosarcoma of the radius. A case].

Multiple osteosarcoma is a rare tumour which usually has a poor prognosis. We report the case of a 14-year old girl who developed successively, at 2 1/2 years' interval, one osteosarcoma of the right radius bone, then one of the left radius bone. The tumours were strictly symmetrical. Each time, the patient was treated with chemotherapy of the Rosen type and underwent conservative surgery. At present, 5 years after the first treatment, she is in good health. This case is remarkable on several scores: chemotherapy was feasible and well tolerated, the multiple osteosarcoma had a favourable outcome, and conservative surgery of both radius bones gave satisfactory functional results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Repair of fracture of the proximal portion of the radius and ulna in a llama.

Repair of a comminuted fracture of the proximal portion of the radius and ulna in a 4-month-old llama was achieved by use of internal fixation. An 8-hole narrow dynamic compression plate was applied to the lateral aspect of the radius and a 7-hole narrow dynamic compression plate was applied to the cranial aspect of the radius. One year after surgery, the llama had a normal gait and the cosmetic appearance of the limb was excellent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Instability of fractures of the lower end of the radius: apropos of a series of 167 cases].

One-hundred-sixty-seven consecutive cases of distal radius fracture have been treated in our department from October 1985 until November 1987. All cases were rated according to anatomical criteria defined on the first radiogram. These criteria were the presence of a dorsal tilt greater than 20 degrees, dorsal comminution, intra-articular radiocarpal involvement, an associated fracture of the ulna and comminution of the distal radius. Age greater than 60 years was also considered as a factor in determining severity. With regard to fractures treated conservatively (from which comminuted fractures were excluded), a strong correlation was found between the sum of these factors and the risk of secondary displacement. This complication occurs despite a satisfactory initial reduction. Although the surgically treated cases were more severe, significantly better radiological results were observed following surgical management. This mode of classification of distal radius fractures is helpful for determining prognosis and evaluating the risk of secondary displacement and in the course, should help in the selection, perhaps earlier of the most appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous fractures of the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid bone.

Simultaneous fracture of the scaphoid bone occurred in 26 (4%) of the 650 injuries of the distal end of the radius seen at our institution. These injuries occur after a fall on the outstretched hand with a pronated wrist joint and extended hand. In a 4-year period (1983-1987), 26 simultaneous fractures of the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid bone were seen. Typically, the fracture of the radius had minimal or slight displacement, and the fracture of the scaphoid bone occurred always as a transverse thin line without displacement. The simultaneous fracture of the scaphoid bone was often very difficult to recognize radiographically and could very easily be overlooked. Discovery of the simultaneous fracture is important for adequate immobilization. Inadequate treatment, due to an overlooked fracture of the scaphoid bone, can result in a painful wrist joint and, possibly, Sudeck's atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Distal radius fracture].

The treatment of fractures of the distal radius is in a state of flux, because the results of conservative treatment have so far been unsatisfactory in 20%-30% of cases. Instability resulting from dorsal compression, damaged ligaments (60%) and the presence of débris in the area of the metaphysis means that, while reduction is easy, retention is frequently difficult to achieve. Such fractures are reduced by using the ball of the little finger for extension while the ball of the thumb is positioned under the proximal fragment to provide support. A plaster cast based on the principle of three-point fixation is applied to immobilize the fractured part. The simplest surgical technique for unstable fractures of the distal radius is internal fixation with crossed Kirschner wires. For Smith's fractures [41], and especially those of type II (Thomas [44]), internal fixation with plates fixed to the volar bone surface is the procedure of choice. Comminuted fractures of the metaphysis and a tendency to shortening should be immobilized by external fixation. Early filling of the defect with cancellous bone leads to more rapid consolidation. In our own clinic we treated 409 cases of fracture of the distal radius in 2 years. The procedures applied were: conservative treatment in 39.6% of cases; internal fixation with wires in 55%; internal fixation with plates in 3.7%; and stabilization by means of external fixation in 1.7%.

Fracture Fixation, Internal↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of malunion of the distal radius.

Malunions of the distal radius are common. Although the best treatment is prevention, symptomatic malunions can be salvaged through more careful fracture management, by corrective osteotomy or, in the presence of post-traumatic arthritis, radiocarpal arthrodesis. Dynamic midcarpal instability following radius malunion does not respond as well to ligament repair or intercarpal arthrodesis as it does to osteotomy of the radius and correction of the malunion deformity.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed1988

[Distal radius fractures--forms of fracture and injury pattern].

Fractures at the distal end of the radius are the most frequent fractures. There are still many therapeutical problems. The success of conservative or operative treatment depends mainly on the different types of fractures. In order of compare end results and to recommend therapy, it is necessary to define different fracture types, based on practical classification. A classification of fractures at the distal end of the radius is presented, with localization and reference to the extent of injury with consideration of lesions of the radiocarpal joint and indirectly to the distal radio ulnar joint. In the period of growth five types of injuries are differentiated. In adults three main groups, depending on the involvement of the radio-carpal joint are described. These are subdivided according to dislocation. The fractures types were classified by using X-rays of cases over a period of several years. With this classification the pattern of injury of 593 fractures of the distal end to the radius, treated in 1980 in our clinic, was analysed.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Distal radius fracture--indications for conservative, partial surgical and surgical therapy].

460 fractures of the distal radius including 91 which are treated surgically are investigated in a retrospective study. There were 260 fractures of the left and only 200 of the right radius. 66% of the patients were female, especially striking is the superior number of women older than 45 years. The evaluation of the final radiological results referring to anatomical joint angles and normal radius length shows a high correlation to the evaluation of the final functional results. 70% of the latter are valued as excellent or good, 19% as tolerable and 11% as poor. The classification according to Frykman shows a significantly better result for cases without violation of the distal ulna. The comparison between operative and non-operative treatment of dislocated fractures without infraction of the radiocarpal joint demonstrates good results of percutaneous wire fixation in those cases. The therapy of fractures with infraction of radiocarpal and radioulnar joint is difficult. In this group we could not find a superiority of operative against conservative treatment. Wire fixation lead to 19% poor results and cannot be recommended for all cases. Six patients treated by external fixation and five treated by osteosynthesis using metal plates had good or tolerable results. The indication for using these methods has to be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bone-mineral content, surface hardness, and mechanical fixation in the human radius. A correlative study.

UNLABELLED: The bone-mineral content of seventeen intact forearms from eleven cadavera was determined by the non-invasive photon-absorptiometric scanning technique (Norland-Cameron Bone-Mineral Analyzer). Each radius was then removed and three surgical screws were implanted. The forces required to push out the screws retrograde were used to represent the security of mechanical fixation and were correlated with bone-surface hardness and bone-mineral content. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.89 or more) was found between bone-mineral content and the force required for extraction. A much lower correlation existed between surface hardness and extraction force (r = 0.30). We concluded that surface hardness does not correlate well with the screw-holding capacity of bone but that bone-mineral content, as determined by a non-invasive means, does so within a 10 per cent error. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates a high degree of positive correlation between bone density and the security of screw fixation in the human radius. Measuring bone density using a highly accurate, non-invasive, safe technique has clinical relevance in preoperative assessment of osteopathic patients who are being considered for internal fixation of the radius with plates and screws.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The Roger Anderson device in the treatment of fractures of the distal end of the radius.

One of the more common as well as difficult fractures to manage is the extension compression fracture of the distal end of the radius. In the physiologically younger patient we believe that every effort should be made to preserve the integrity of the radiocarpal joint and maintain motion of the hand. We have used the technique described by Anderson and O'Neil to treat comminuted, displaced fractures of the distal end of the radius in twenty-five patients from April 1972 through April 1978. Twenty-one of these patients were available for follow-up examination at an average of nineteen months (range, six to forty months) following injury. There were sixteen satisfactory and five unsatisfactory functional results, and three complications. This form of external fixation should be avoided in the older, obese, and osteoporotic patient as well as in the unreliable and uncooperative patient. If these guidelines are followed, we believe that the Roger Anderson device provides satisfactory immobilization and functional results in the treatment of comminuted fractures of the distal end of the radius in the physiologically younger patient, who may be expected to place heavy demands on the wrist.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Distal ulnar translocation in the treatment of giant-cell tumors of the distal end of the radius.

Two patients with a giant-cell tumor of the distal end of the radius were treated by en bloc resection of the distal part of the radius and by replacement of the resected segment with the translocated distal portion of the ipsilateral ulna. The blood supply to the ulna without detaching its soft-tissue attachments. The distal articular surface of the ulna was resected and the ulna was fused to the lunate and the scaphoid. The ulnar segment was internally fixed to the proximal segment of the radius and to the carpus with an intramedullary Steinmann pin. Both patients obtained a useful, pain-free extremity with more than 85 per cent of forearm rotation and 10 to 15 degrees of flexion-extension at the wrist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Thrombocytopenia with absence of the radius in a 24-year-old woman].

Thrombocytopenia with absent radius syndrome (TAR) is a rare disorder appearing at birth or soon after. The heredity pattern is autosomal recessive, although some patients in successive generations have been reported. A 24 year-old woman is presented who had moderate thrombocytopenia and shortened forearms due to lack of radius, with preserved thumbs. Her peripheral blood was normal but for a decreased platelet count. The bone marrow megakaryocytes were decreased as well. No other relatives were affected. The association of thrombocytopenia and bilateral radius aplasia, along with the differential diagnosis, are commented, stress being laid on the fact that the patient was diagnosed in adulthood.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Chondrosarcoma of the radius with distant metastasis in a dog.

A 9-year-old castrated male Doberman Pinscher was admitted for evaluation of lameness of the left forelimb. Radiography and examination of biopsy specimens revealed a moderately differentiated chondrosarcoma of the proximal portion of the radius. The dog was treated by local excision of the neoplasm, which involved resection of the radial head and proximal portion of the radius. Despite the large size of the dog and the weight-bearing forces exerted on the cubital joint, major problems with ambulation did not develop after surgery. Functional use of the limb returned slowly; however, substantial limb use was observed despite the development of mild degenerative changes of the joint and migration of the humeroulnar articulation. Six months after surgery, metastasis of a widely disseminated, poorly differentiated chondrosarcoma to the subcutaneous tissues and thoracic and abdominal cavities was diagnosed. Local redevelopment of the chondrosarcoma in the area of the cubital joint was not detected. Resection of the radial head and proximal portion of the radius may be considered a viable, alternative, limb-sparing technique. The biologically aggressive nature of this chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton indicated that additional information was needed before a reliable prognosis could be established for this dog with this tumor type. Reports of low rates of metastasis have been based on insufficient numbers of dogs to adequately or accurately determine the long-term prognosis of dogs with chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Internal fixation of pilon fractures of the distal radius.

When closed manipulation fails to restore articular congruity in comminuted, displaced fractures of the distal radius, open reduction and internal fixation is required. Results of surgical stabilization and articular reconstruction of these injuries are reviewed in this retrospective study of 49 patients with 52 displaced, intra-articular distal radius fractures. Forty-three patients (87%) with a mean age of 37 years (range of 17 to 79 years) were available for evaluation. The mean follow-up time was 38 months (range 22-69 months). When rated according to the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF), 19 were type C2 and 21 were type C3. We devised an Injury Score System based on the initial injury radiographs to classify severely comminuted intra-articular fractures and to identify those associated with carpal injury (3 patients). Post-operative fracture alignment, articular congruity, and radial length were significantly improved following surgery (p < .01). Grip strength averaged 69% +/- 22% of the contralateral side, and the range of motion averaged 75% +/- 18% of the contralateral side post-operatively. A combined outcome rating system that included grip strength, range of motion, and pain relief averaged 76% +/- 19% of the contralateral side. There was a statistically significant decrease in the combined rating with more severe fracture patterns as defined by the ASIF system (p < .01), Malone classification (p < .03), and the Injury Score System (p < .001). The Injury Score System presented here, and in particular the number of fracture fragments, correlated most closely with outcome of all the classification systems studied. Operative treatment of these distal radius fractures with reconstruction of the articular congruity and correction of the articular surface alignment with internal fixation and/or external fixation, can significantly improve the radiographic alignment and functional outcome. Furthermore, the degree to which articular stepoff, gap between fragments, and radial shortening are improved by surgery is strongly correlated with improved outcome, even when the results are corrected for severity of initial injury, whereas correction of radial tilt or dorsal tilt did not correlate with improved outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bone-mineral content of the femoral neck and spine versus the radius or ulna.

The interrelationship between the bone-mineral content of sites on the radius or ulna and that of the femoral neck and lower thoracic vertebrae of twenty-four human skeletons was determined. The average correlation coefficients, -/r, were 0.82 and 0.57. Regression analysis showed that the bone-mineral content of the radius provides a good estimate of the bone-mineral content of the femoral neck (standard error of estimate approximately 16 per cent). Multiple regression analysis using the age of the subject and the bone-mineral content of the radius provides an equation with a similar standard error of estimate for the vertebrae.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Geometric variables and bone mineral density as potential predictors for mechanical properties of the radius of Greyhounds.

OBJECTIVE: To determine cross-sectional geometry and bone mineral density of the Greyhound radius and correlate these values with torsional failure load and torsional stiffness in an ex vivo model. DESIGN: 3 regions, proximal, middle, and distal portions of the diaphysis, were studied. 5 levels of cross section were evaluated geometrically within each region. SPECIMENS: 10 paired radiuses from skeletally mature Greyhounds. PROCEDURE: Cortical area and area moment of inertia were measured from plain radiographic views and from digitized computed tomographic images. Bone mineral density was measured, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Torsional stiffness and torsional failure load were then determined mechanically. RESULTS: Minimum area moment of inertia and area moment of inertia estimated from plain radiographic views were significantly different in different regions of interest (P < 0.05). Significant bivariate correlations (P < 0.05) between torsional mechanical parameters and bone properties of the radius were identified for the distal portion of the diaphysis in particular. When independent variables for the distal portion were analyzed, estimate of area moment of inertia was entered into the model for torsional failure load as a predictor and minimum area moment of inertia was entered into the model for torsional stiffness as a predictor. Bone mineral density of the distal portion of the diaphysis was not a significant predictor. CONCLUSION: If accurate noninvasive predictors of bone failure load can be identified, further study of fracture risk should be possible.

Animals↗