An application of immunodiffusion to quantitative properdin estimation in human serum.
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Rabbit factor P, which is involved in stabilizing the labile C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway, was isolated from rabbit serum by a simple two-step procedure: polyethylene glycol precipitation and QAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. The chemical properties, and functional activities of the rabbit P were very similar to those of human P, except that there were slight differences in the SDS-PAGE patterns of limited tryptic digests and in the amino terminal sequences. The molecular weights were estimated to be 58 000 for rabbit P and 59 000 for human P on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The amino terminal 36 residues of rabbit P showed 78% homology to the equivalent region of human P.
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The human monocyte-like cell line, U-937, is known to differentiate into macrophage-like cells following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The activated cells have been reported to have enhanced capacity to synthesize C2, C3, Factors B and H. Here, U-937 cells were used as a model system to investigate the effects of immunomodulatory agents on the biosynthesis of Factor P by monocytoid cells. Non-stimulated U-937 cells progressively secreted increasing amounts of Factor P over a 72-hr culture period. The secreted Factor P was hemolytically active. The daily production of Factor P was nearly linear (approx. 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng/10(6) cells; mean +/- SEM). Factor P synthesis was reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide indicating de novo synthesis. Both secreted Factor P and Factor P in normal plasma contained Factor P of heterogeneous molecular sizes and eluted from Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration column as a broad peak (mol. wt 250-800 kDa). The synthesis of Factor P by U-937 cells was augmented 1.8-, 2.1- and 2.5-fold respectively following induction with PMA (30 ng/ml), IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) and LPS (0.1 microgram/ml). Metabolic labeling of U-937 cells and autoradiograms of SDS-PAGE analysis of Factor P immunoprecipitates demonstrated a 54 kDa band in the culture supernate, co-migrating with purified 125I Factor P. Intracellular Factor P however had an apparent mol. wt that was 4000 kDa smaller than secreted Factor P. Thus U-937 cells synthesize a precursor Factor P subunit polypeptide chain which undergoes post-synthetic glycosylation and polymerization to give rise to the oligomers characteristic of native Factor P in fresh plasma. Our data also demonstrate that Factor P synthesis by monocytic cells can be enhanced by immunomodulatory factors or mediators that are generally found at sites of inflammation and immune response.
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