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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Using the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) in a regional electronic patient record for patients with malignant diseases.

Communication between different institutions which are responsible for the treatment of the same patient is of outstanding significance, especially in the field of tumor diseases. Regional electronic patient records could support the co-operation of different institutions by providing ac-cess to all necessary information whether it belongs to the own institution or to a partner. The Department of Medical Informatics, University of Heidelberg is performing a project in co-operation with the Thoraxclinic-Heidelberg and the Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg with the goal: to define an architectural concept for interlinking the electronic patient record of the two clinical institutions to build a common virtual electronic patient record and carry out an exemplary implementation, to examine composition, structure and content of medical documents for tumor patients with the aim of defining an XML-based markup language allowing summarizing overviews and suitable granularities, and to integrate clinical practice guidelines and other external knowledge with the electronic patient record using XML-technologies to support the physician in the daily decision process. This paper will show, how a regional electronic patient record could be built on an architectural level and describe elementary steps towards a on content-oriented structuring of medical records.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A radiology department intranet: development and applications.

An intranet is a "private Internet" that uses the protocols of the World Wide Web to share information resources within a company or with the company's business partners and clients. The hardware requirements for an intranet begin with a dedicated Web server permanently connected to the departmental network. The heart of a Web server is the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) service, which receives a page request from a client's browser and transmits the page back to the client. Although knowledge of hypertext markup language (HTML) is not essential for authoring a Web page, a working familiarity with HTML is useful, as is knowledge of programming and database management. Security can be ensured by using scripts to write information in hidden fields or by means of "cookies." Interfacing databases and database management systems with the Web server and conforming the user interface to HTML syntax can be achieved by means of the common gateway interface (CGI), Active Server Pages (ASP), or other methods. An intranet in a radiology department could include the following types of content: on-call schedules, work schedules and a calendar, a personnel directory, resident resources, memorandums and discussion groups, software for a radiology information system, and databases.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

[Medical data in pathology--evaluation of a large collection. (530,000 diagnoses coded in SNOMED II)].

The paper is describing the design and the performance of the computerized system, from its introduction in 1982 until the present day. The first device, using the MUMPS language on a mini-computer, followed by a VAX computer with terminals have been replaced in 1996 by an application program, using ORACLE, based on the client-server concept. The content and the particularities of the different data groups are discussed, concerning the functional components of the data bank: 'PATIENTS', 'SPECIMEN', 'SENDERS', 'REPORT' and 'DIAGNOSES'. By means of examples, we demonstrate the chronological evolution of the registration of persons, the distribution of the diagnoses according to the organ systems, the possibilities to combine various lesions and an algorithm to assure that a given lesion is registered only once per patient. In first place, the efficiency and the reliability of manual coding by a pathologist using the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED; 2nd edition [1979/1982]) is discussed. The data bank currently contains 530,000 diagnoses, distributed among on SNOMED's five main modules, obtained from 1500 autopsies, 140,000 surgical and 180,000 cytological specimens. Concluding the article, an analysis is made of desirable developments in the future with the aim of a better integration of the acquired information in routine work and an enhanced use of the medical content for epidemiological research or statistical analysis.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1998

Finite H-systems with 3 test tubes are not predictable.

Finite H-systems with n test tubes are splicing systems of n test tubes over a common molecular alphabet, sigma, with a filter Fi [symbol: see text] sigma for each test tube. Initially, arbitrary many copies of molecules and enzymes (splicing rules) from a finite set of molecules and enzymes are given to the test tubes that produce new molecules by splicing and filtering. It is known that any formal language can be generated by a finite H-system with 9 test tubes and that the results of finite H-systems with 6 test tubes are unpredictable. Here we present a rather simple proof that the results of finite H-systems with only 3 test tubes are unpredictable and that 4 test tubes suffices to generate any formal language.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1984

Effects of speech and speech and sign instruction on oral language learning and generalization of action + object combinations by Down's syndrome children.

This study was designed to compare the effects of speech and speech-plus-sign stimulation during comprehension treatment on the oral language learning and generalization of action + object relational meanings. Ten home-reared Down's syndrome children in Early Stage 1 received concurrent comprehension treatment in Speech and Speech-Sign conditions using a miniature linguistic system. Upon attainment of criterion level performance in both conditions, generalization tasks were administered to measure the effects of the comprehension treatment on the comprehension and the production of treated and untreated action + object combinations. The results obtained from this study indicated that the two treatment conditions did not differ significantly for either learning or generalization. The data did, however, indicate that individual patterns of acquisition were evident among the children. Caution is advised concerning the automatic adoption or rejection of manual sign as part of oral language intervention programs.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Elicited imitation in language assessment: a tool for formulating and evaluating treatment programs.

Four different clinical populations were administered an elicited imitation task before and after therapy to determine the usefulness of elicited imitation procedures for formulating and evaluating language treatment programs. Children's imitations were analyzed according to the numbers and patterns of omission errors, substitution errors, and correct responses. Results indicated that (1) patterns of responding could be identified; (2) specific patterns were associated with different clinical populations; (3) performance on pretherapy measures could be efficiently analyzed and utilized for formulating language treatment programs; and (4) changes in posttherapy performance could be readily evaluated using this procedure. The data suggest that the elicited imitation procedures can be effectively used to increase the precision of the evaluation and clinical programming of children with language disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Internet patient records: new techniques.

BACKGROUND: The ease by which the Internet is able to distribute information to geographically-distant users on a wide variety of computers makes it an obvious candidate for a technological solution for electronic patient record systems. Indeed, second-generation Internet technologies such as the ones described in this article--XML (eXtensible Markup Language), XSL (eXtensible Style Language), DOM (Document Object Model), CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), JavaScript, and JavaBeans--may significantly reduce the complexity of the development of distributed healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: The demonstration of an experimental Electronic Patient Record (EPR) system built from those technologies that can support viewing of medical imaging exams and graphically-rich clinical reporting tools, while conforming to the newly emerging XML standard for digital documents. In particular, we aim to promote rapid prototyping of new reports by clinical specialists. METHODS: We have built a prototype EPR client, InfoDOM, that runs in both the popular web browsers. In this second version it receives each EPR as an XML record served via the secure SSL (Secure Socket Layer) protocol. JavaBean software components manipulate the XML to store it and then to transform it into a variety of useful clinical views. First a web page summary for the patient is produced. From that web page other JavaBeans can be launched. In particular, we have developed a medical imaging exam Viewer and a clinical Reporter bean parameterized appropriately for the particular patient and exam in question. Both present particular views of the XML data. The Viewer reads image sequences from a patient-specified network URL on a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) server and presents them in a user-controllable animated sequence, while the Reporter provides a configurable anatomical map of the site of the pathology, from which individual "reportlets" can be launched. The specification of these reportlets is achieved using standard HTML forms and thus may conceivably be authored by clinical specialists. A generic JavaScript library has been written that allows the seamless incorporation of such contributions into the InfoDOM client. In conjunction with another JavaBean, that library renders graphically-enhanced reporting tools that read and write content to and from the XML data-structure, ready for resubmission to the EPR server. RESULTS: We demonstrate the InfoDOM experimental EPR system that is currently being adapted for test-bed use in three hospitals in Cagliari, Italy. For this we are working with specialists in neurology, radiology, and epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Early indications are that the rapid prototyping of reports afforded by our EPR system can assist communication between clinical specialists and our system developers. We are now experimenting with new technologies that may provide services to the kind of XML EPR client described here.

Internet↗
PubMed1986

Ontogeny of communicative functions in autism.

Autistic children have been stereotyped as noncommunicative and noninteractive; however, this may be partly attributed to traditional research approaches that do not consider the intentions of the child or the context of the social interaction. This discussion reviews some recent investigations that have used a developmental pragmatics framework to study language and communicative behaviors associated with autism. A working model of the ontogeny of communicative functions in autistic children is proposed. The communicative profile associated with autism is explained by factors related to the child's language-learning environment, as well as factors inherent in the child. Clinical implications for the design of language intervention programs for autistic children are offered.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using computer-based assessments to evaluate interactive multimedia nutrition education among low-income predominantly Hispanic participants.

OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to measure the effectiveness of interactive multimedia (IMM) with low-income Hispanic persons. DESIGN: The effectiveness of the program was examined using a quasi-experimental pretest/post-test control group design. SETTING: Subjects were recruited from nutrition, health, and English as a Second Language (ESL) programs in Colorado. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six intervention and 34 control participants formed a convenience sample of low-income and predominantly Hispanic persons. INTERVENTION: Intervention participants received a 15-minute module about breakfast. Control participants received a non- nutrition-related IMM module. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary variables included knowledge, attitude, and stage of change scores. ANALYSIS: Paired and independent sample t tests, chi-square analysis, and repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used. RESULTS: Intervention participants significantly increased knowledge, attitude, and total scores (P <.001) between pretest and post-test and had significantly greater increases than the control group (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results support using IMM to disseminate nutrition education to the target population and the feasibility of using computer-based questionnaires to evaluate the effectiveness of IMM nutrition education programs. IMPLICATIONS: This research provides the basis for the continued development of computer-based assessment tools.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Symbol vocabulary and the focus of conversations: augmenting language development for youth with mental retardation.

Communication devices designed to augment the language development of individuals with severe cognitive disabilities and little or no functional speech typically contain primarily nouns because they seem easiest to acquire and evaluate. In this study, the effect of a more diverse vocabulary was assessed. Systematic observations of the use of computerized speech-output devices by 12 youth with moderate or severe mental retardation and severe spoken language disability and by their partners were made over a 2-year period. Social-regulative symbols (e.g., "please," "I'm finished") were used as soon as they were introduced, and their availability expanded the focus of conversations both at home and at school. Implications for conceptualizing variation in early language use and for the design of language intervention programs are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1996

PROXIMAL: a database system for the efficient retrieval of genetic information.

We report on a query language, called PROXIMAL, for the efficient specification of complex queries over biological sequences. We present a data model for asking complex and structured questions of biological sequences, and show how the query language can be used. In addition, we describe a visual query metaphor intended for a biologist-friendly front end to the PROXIMAL query language.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Object-oriented biomedical system modelling--the language.

The paper describes a new object-oriented biomedical continuous system modelling language (OOBSML). It is fully object-oriented and supports model inheritance, encapsulation, and model component instantiation and behaviour polymorphism. Besides the traditional differential and algebraic equation expressions the language includes also formal expressions for documenting models and defining model quantity types and quantity units. It supports explicit definition of model input-, output- and state quantities, model components and component connections. The OOBSML model compiler produces self-contained, independent, executable model components that can be instantiated and used within other OOBSML models and/or stored within model and model component libraries. In this way complex models can be structured as multilevel, multi-component model hierarchies. Technically the model components produced by the OOBSML compiler are executable computer code objects based on distributed object and object request broker technology. This paper includes both the language tutorial and the formal language syntax and semantic description.

Algorithms↗