Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Appropriateness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Age determination by teeth examination: a comparison between different morphologic and quantitative analyses.

Age determination by teeth examination is one of the main means of determining personal identification. Current studies have suggested different techniques for determining the age of a subject by means of the analysis of microscopic and macroscopic structural modifications of the tooth with ageing. The histological approach is useful among the various methodologies utilized for this purpose. It is still unclear as to what is the best technique, as almost all the authors suggest the use of the approach they themselves have tested. In the present study, age determination by means of microscopic techniques has been based on the quantitative analysis of three parameters, all well recognized in specialized literature: 1. dentinal tubules density/sclerosis 2. tooth translucency 3. analysis of the cementum thickness. After a description of the three methodologies (with automatic image processing of the dentinal sclerosis utilizing an appropriate computer program developed by the authors) the results obtained on cases using the three different approaches are presented, and the merits and failings of each technique are identified with the intention of identifying the one offering the least degree of error in age determination.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Genetics of malignant pleural mesothelioma: molecular markers and biologic targets.

MPM is a poorly understood lethal malignancy. Although the pathobiology of MPM is not completely elucidated, new genomic technology is likely to help shed light on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis through genome-wide screening of tumor-specific gene expression. Related efforts to identify the molecular markers of mesothelioma are pursued with the aim of refining current diagnostic capabilities, predicting prognosis, and designing appropriate trimodality programs. These new genomic tools also will assist efforts to tailor current adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies, optimizing their effect and furthering research that may lead to new therapeutic options.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1992

Health technologies for the developing world. Addressing the unmet needs.

This paper provides a critical overview of several strategies and mechanisms that have been employed by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health over the past decade to address the unmet needs for health technologies in the developing world. Partnerships between public and private-sector organizations are emphasized in order to share risks, encourage efficiency, and ensure the availability of priority products for health care in resource-poor settings. Incentives for the involvement of the commercial sector, the means to protect the interest of the public sector, and the role of bridging organizations are discussed in the light of the shifting goals of the public sector.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2002

Direct determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in biological materials by solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.

This paper reports on the use of solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SS-EIV-ICPMS) for the direct and simultaneous determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in biological materials. The main advantage of this fast and sensitive method is that no sample preparation is required. In this way, the sample throughput can be considerably increased, problems of contamination and analyte losses are kept to a minimum and, even more important, the original chemical form of the different analyte species in the solid samples is preserved. To achieve this goal, a solid sample is inserted into a graphite furnace of the boat-in-tube type and is subsequently submitted to an appropriate temperature program, leading to the separate vaporization of methylmercury and inorganic mercury, which are transported into the ICP by means of an argon carrier gas. The separation was accomplished within 75 s. For the quantification of the two peaks, species-unspecific isotope dilution was used. For this purpose, a stable flow of argon loaded with gaseous Hg isotopically enriched in 200Hg was generated using a permeation tube that was constructed in-house. Its emission rate was determined by collecting the mercury released during a given time interval on a gold-coated silica absorber, after which the amount collected was released by heating of the absorber and determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). A reference material from the Canadian National Research Council (NRC) (TORT-2) was used to assess the accuracy of the method. For the application of the method to samples with diverse mercury contents, the spike/sample ratio can be optimized by varying the emission rate of the permeation tube simply by adapting its temperature. To prove the feasibility of this approach, two reference materials (BCR 463 and DORM-2) with a methylmercury content more than 10 times higher than that of TORT-2 were also analyzed. The detection limits obtained for 1 mg of sample (2 ng g(-1) and 6 ng g(-1) for methylmercury and inorganic mercury, respectively) were found to be sufficiently low for this kind of application and are competitive when compared to other techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A KP element inserted between the two promoters of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster differentially affects expression in larvae and adults.

An allele of the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene has a 1.15-kb KP element inserted, in the same orientation as Adh transcription, five nucleotides upstream of the distal transcription start site. The target site--GTCCAAGT--in Adh between nucleotides -13 and -6 is duplicated at both ends of the insertion. Adult flies with either one or two copies of the allele have less than 12% of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of the controls. Activity levels are also reduced in larvae, but by a much smaller amount. Quantitative Northern analyses showed that the low activity level in adults was caused by reduced transcript levels from the distal promoter. 5' RACE experiments indicated that adult transcripts were mostly initiated downstream of the distal promoter but some skipped the first adult exon. In late third-instar larvae the transcripts present were from the proximal promoter. After the KP element was deleted by an appropriate breeding program, the distal transcript increased in adults to the control level, but ADH activity increased to only 50% of the control. No nucleotide changes were found in the gene that could explain this difference.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2003

Effect of ICSI on subsequent blastocyst development and pregnancy rates.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) results in decreased blastocyst formation and pregnancy compared to IVF (in vitro fertilization). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of blastocyst transfer (BT) offered routinely to patients under age 40 with > or = three 8-cell embryos on day 3 and compared IVF to ICSI cycles. Sequential media were used with P1 until day 3, then Blastocyst Medium until day 5/6. RESULTS: There were 131 IVF and 75 ICSI cycles. There was no difference in age, number of oocytes, zygotes, 8-cell embryos, blastocysts on days 5 and 6, or embryos transferred. Progression to blastocyst was similar (78% for IVF and 73% for ICSI) as was the viable pregnancy rate (51.4% for IVF and 55% for ICSI). No cycles failed to form blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: The progression to blastocyst and the likelihood of conceiving a viable pregnancy were unaltered by ICSI. Thus it seems appropriate for programs to offer BT to patients undergoing ICSI using the same inclusion criteria applied to their IVF patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychology doctoral training in work and health.

Psychology as a profession has an opportunity and obligation to advocate for and develop healthy work environments. This will require the design and conduct of doctoral-level training in occupational health psychology. A model for training might well be based on the assumptions that there is a viable role for occupational health psychologists trained at the doctoral level for both academic and applied work settings, and that doctoral training would be based on the integration of health psychology and public health. Issues remaining to be addressed in the development of doctoral training programs include appropriate predoctoral training, academic standards, the interdisciplinary nature of faculties, and appropriate settings for training. Future directions in establishing doctoral training in occupational health psychology will best be taken in dialogue with several other professions and institutions that share a common interest in reducing leading work-related diseases and injuries and promoting public health in the workplace.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Homeless women with children. The role of alcohol and other drug abuse.

For some women with children, alcohol and other drug use may be an important risk factor for homelessness because it may interfere with a woman's capacity to compete for scarce resources such as housing, employment, or services. The impact of various policy decisions on homeless women, their dependent children, and the family unit is considered, including women's right to privacy, criminalization of drug use, and scarcity of appropriate treatment programs for homeless women.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mental-rotation deficits following damage to the right basal ganglia.

The authors report the case of a woman with a right basal ganglia lesion and severe mental-rotation impairments. She had no difficulty recognizing rotated objects and had intact left-right orientation in egocentric space but was unable to map the left and right sides of external objects to her egocentric reference frame. This study indicates that the right basal ganglia may be critical components in a cortico-subcortical network involved in mental rotation. We speculate that the role of these structures is to select and maintain an appropriate motor program for performing smooth and accurate rotation. The results also have important implications for theories of object recognition by demonstrating that recognition of rotated objects can be achieved without mental rotation.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The role of neuroscience in the remediation of students with dyslexia.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, spelling and decoding abilities. Research findings agree that these and other observed behavioral manifestations largely result from a deficit in the phonological component of language. However, conflicting theories on the exact nature of the phonological deficit have given rise to divergent treatment approaches. Recent advances in functional brain imaging and genetics have allowed these theories to be examined more closely. If implemented appropriately, commercial programs can be effective in identifying dyslexia. Treatment of dyslexia has been advanced through neuroscience, yet further study is needed to provide rigorous, reproducible findings that will sustain commercial approaches.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

Children in fatal crashes: driver blood alcohol concentration and demographics of child passengers and their drivers.

AIMS: This study examines whether differences in two risk factors for crash-related injury for children-riding with a drinking driver and failure to use restraints-are related to various driver characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity and drinking. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS: Data on driver blood alcohol concentration (BAC), use of restraints and certain demographics were drawn from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Ethnicity data came from the Multiple Cause of Death File and socioeconomic information from the US Census. The use of restraints by child passengers and the drinking of alcohol by adult drivers are examined as a function of age, gender and membership of five racial/ethnic groups: White American, Black American, Native American, Asian/Pacific Islander American and Hispanic American. This study covers 160,770 drivers and 12,266 children younger than 16 years killed in motor vehicle crashes from January 1,1990 to December 31,1996. FINDINGS: As might be expected, analyses of fatally injured drivers showed that, compared with men, women were more likely to be accompanied by children at the time of their crash, but those children were more likely to be restrained than if travelling with men. Drivers who had been drinking at the time of their crash were less likely to be transporting children and those children were less likely to be restrained. Analyses of killed children indicated that some ethnic groups, compared with White drivers, were more likely to be BAC-positive and children were less likely to be restrained. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the continuing need to understand cultural factors in traffic safety and develop and disseminate culturally appropriate education programs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herbert Moran Memorial Lecture. World War I: the genesis of craniomaxillofacial surgery?

Herbert Moran enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps early in World War I. His autobiography captures the impact of contemporary experience of wartime gunshot wounds, seen in vast numbers and with little understanding of the requirements of wartime surgery. Wounds of the face and brain were numerous, especially in trench fighting. In France, Germany, Britain and elsewhere, surgeons and dentists collaborated to repair mutilated faces and special centres were set up to facilitate this. The innovative New Zealand surgeon Harold Gillies developed his famous reconstructive techniques in the Queen's Hospital at Sidcup, with the help of dental surgeons, anaesthetists and medical artists. The treatment of brain wounds was controversial. Many surgeons, especially on the German side, advocated minimal primary operative surgery and delayed closure. Others advocated early exploration and immediate closure; among the first to do so was the Austro-Hungarian otologist Robert Bárány. In 1918, the pioneer American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing published well-documented proof of the desirability of definitive operative management done as soon as possible. Few World War I surgeons developed their knowledge of plastic surgery, neurosurgery and oral surgery in post-war practice. An exception was Henry Newland, who went on to pioneer the development of these specialties in Australasia. After World War II, the French plastic surgeon Paul Tessier created the multidisciplinary subspecialty of craniomaxillofacial surgery, with the help of his neurosurgical colleague Gérard Guiot, and applied this approach to the correction of facial deformities. It has become evident that the new subspecialty requires appropriate training programs.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Management of chronic limb pain with spinal cord stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a treatment option for chronic pain patients. The most common indication for SCS is the failed back syndrome with leg pain. In the last decade, advances in our understanding of appropriate stimulation programming, lead placement and the physiology of SCS, have led to changes in multi-site stimulation, and stimulation with differing programs. In the past, low back, axial neuropathic type pain was not responsive to SCS. With dual electrode arrays, and dual stimulation with alternating programs of stimulation, steering of stimulation paresthesia, and versatile programmable stimulation parameters, SCS has become a more versatile form of analgesia. PURPOSE: To describe the current treatment rational for SCS and the results of that treatment. RESULTS: The SCS is most efficient in patients with neuropathic pain of the extremities and less efficacious in patients with axial pain. CONCLUSION: SCS is the most effective treatment for limb pain not amenable to surgical decompression. The success of SCS in this chronic pain group is 80% successful in treatment of leg pain, and much less effective in treatment of axial pain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Impact of mentor guidance in surgical career selection.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to survey graduates of a university general surgical residency training program to determine factors that influenced their selection of a specialty field. METHODS: A 39-item questionnaire was mailed to 86 graduates of a university general surgery program who matriculated from 1975 to 1989. The impact of lifestyle, technology, clinical opportunity, and mentor guidance in the residents' selection of a specialty field and eventual clinical practice was assessed. Results were analyzed using Fisher's Exact test with significance determined at P less than.05. RESULTS: The response rate was 65% (56 of 86). Eighty percent of respondents identified the most important aspect influencing their choice of specialty was interest in that field; additional factors included perception of prestige, presence of clinical opportunity, mentor influence, and family priorities. Sixty-six percent of respondents chose the same career as their mentor, attributing this to the mentor's skill (n = 36, 68%), achievements (n = 35, 66%), and verbal recommendations about their specialty field (n = 24, 45%), p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical residents use many criteria in selecting a field of specialty with mentor guidance an important component. Knowledge of these influential areas should help training programs offer appropriate career guidance. J Pediatr Surg 36:1802-1804.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Epidemiology of hepatitis C: geographic differences and temporal trends.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection appears to be endemic in most parts of the world, with an estimated overall prevalence of 3%. However, there is considerable geographic and temporal variation in the incidence and prevalence of HCV infection. Using age-specific prevalence data, at least three distinct transmission patterns can be identified. In countries with the first pattern (e.g., United States, Australia), most infections are found among persons 30-49 years old, indicating that the risk for HCV infection was greatest in the relatively recent past (10-30 years ago) and primarily affected young adults. In countries with the second pattern (e.g., Japan, Italy), most infections are found among older persons, consistent with the risk for HCV infection having been greatest in the distant past. In countries with the third pattern (e.g., Egypt), high rates of infection are observed in all age groups, indicating an ongoing high risk for acquiring HCV infection. In countries with the first pattern, injection drug use has been the predominant risk factor for HCV infection, whereas in those with the second or third patterns, unsafe injections and contaminated equipment used in healthcare-related procedures appear to have played a predominant role in transmission. Much of the variability between regions can be explained by the frequency and extent to which different risk factors have contributed to the transmission of HCV. Because different strategies are required to interrupt different patterns of HCV transmission, determining the epidemiology of HCV infection in areas where that information has not yet been assessed is critical for developing appropriate prevention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Traumatic arch injury: indications and an endoscopic method of repair.

The unique strategic position of the zygomatic arch makes it an important surgical landmark in facial fracture repair. Because of the numerous negative sequelae associated with the traditional coronal approach to the arch, it has frequently been omitted as a point of reduction and fixation. Endoscope-assisted repair allows accurate zygomatic arch restoration without the setbacks of coronal access. The indications for arch repair include markedly displaced isolated arch fractures, complex zygoma fractures with arch comminution, and Le Fort III level fractures. In complex zygoma fractures, the arch helps accurately restore midface projection and width and serves as an additional stable anchor point. In Le Fort III fractures, restoration and fixation of the arch are essential components of the repair necessary to stabilize the maxillary dentition to the cranial base. Endoscopic arch repair is a novel, technically challenging procedure that requires a different set of surgical skills and considerable training. Implementation of appropriate teaching programs and further advances in instrument development will overcome the steep learning curve associated with this technique and encourage its use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A practical approach to altitude training: where to live and train for optimal performance enhancement.

Altitude training may improve performance by a number of mechanisms. Acclimatization may improve both oxygen delivery and extraction. Hypoxic exercise may increase the training stimulus thus magnifying the effects of endurance training. Conversely, high altitude decreases VO2max and reduces the workloads at which training occurs. At altitude, base training is performed at a slower velocity and lower oxygen uptake (lower absolute workload) compared to sea level, though heart rate is similar and lactate is higher (probably greater relative workload). Interval workouts are performed at a lower absolute workload at altitude and are associated with lower peak heart rates and blood lactate concentrations. Red cell volume is increased during altitude training, as long as iron stores are normal. We suggest that for performance at altitude, acclimatization and/or hypoxic exercise is preferable; for performance at sea level, living at altitude (acclimatization) with sea level training may be the optimal strategy. However neither approach is a substitute for a carefully designed training program including appropriate rest and nutrition.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2002

Differences between screening sites in a glaucoma screening program.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in demographic variables, glaucoma risk factors, and visual acuity by type of screening site. METHODS: We conducted glaucoma screenings throughout the city of Baltimore. A questionnaire collected information about age, race, and risk factors: having a relative with glaucoma, having diabetes, having a past eye injury or surgery, and not having an eye examination within two years. We also tested visual acuity and visual fields. We categorized screening sites into work places, senior centers, health fairs, and church groups, and created age-race groups by combining age and race categories. RESULTS: This study is based on 1,366 people screened at 42 different sites. The majority of people screened were African-American (65%) and female (58%), with a mean age of 48 years. We found significant age and race differences between the screening sites. After stratifying by age-race groups, we found statistically significant associations between screening sites and not having a recent eye examination (P =.009) and visual acuity (P =.001). Health fairs had the largest percentage of people not having a recent eye examination, and senior centers had the largest percentage of people with poor visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed differences in age and race between screening sites. After conducting stratified analysis, differences between screening sites and recent eye examinations and visual acuity persisted. These differences in screening sites, as well as objectives of the vision screening, should be considered when planning a screening program to help focus the program on appropriate high-risk subgroups of the population.

Adolescent↗