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Diagnostic and predictive test procedures in patients with life-threatening anaphylactic and anaphylactoid drug reactions.

The main objective of the paper is to discuss the methods by which the severe anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to drugs can be detected and mechanism of the abnormal response studied. Three main groups of drugs are discussed: Beta lactams antibiotics, anaesthetics and anaesthetic, adjuvants, and iodinated radiocontrast media. The principles of reaction, mechanisms and tests are discussed, and results of skin and in vitro blood tests compared.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1984

[Urodynamic studies of the upper urinary tract. II. Pyelo-ureteral dilatation. Reversibility prediction test].

For the correct performance of upper urinary tract repairs, it is essential to use methods which provide the necessary information concerning the potential reversability of the dilatation. This article analyzes the physiopathological foundations on which these methods must be based, and comments on the different procedures in common practice, such as the concept of radiological tonicity, peroperative histology, and preoperative draining. Special mention is made of anterograde urometry associated with simultaneous dynamic radiology, which provide precise information concerning the intraluminal pressure and the muscularization of the ureteral wall.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1983

Mechanisms of contact photosensitivity in mice. III. Predictive testing of chemicals with photoallergenic potential in mice.

The photoallergenic potential of various chemicals was assessed in mice. Mice were sensitized with applications of the test agent on the shaved abdomen; they underwent irradiation with black light on days 0 and 1. On day 5, ear lobes were painted with the chemicals and underwent irradiation with black light. The degree of the sensitivity was assessed by measuring the ear thickness 24 hours after challenge. Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, tribromsalan, bithionol, and chlorpromazine were photosensitizers. Hexachlorophene and sulfanilamide induced contact photosensitivity after pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide. Reactions of the recently discovered photosensitizers such as musk ambrette, 6-methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin, and benzocaine were enhanced by cyclophosphamide pretreatment. Salicylanilide, salicylic acid, and 3,4-dichloroaniline failed to demonstrate photosensitization potential. This mouse model and cyclophosphamide pretreatment is a useful technique to determine photosensitization potentials for a variety of new chemicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of tissue culture in predictive testing of drug sensitivity in human ovarian cancer. Correlation between in vitro results and the response in vivo.

The present work uses an in vitro test model to measure the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to Melphalan and Melphalan combined with Adriamycin. With this model we studied the possible correlation between the in vitro results and the response to these cytostatic drugs in vivo. Cancer cells from 20 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were tested. The in vitro effects of the drugs were measured as differences in incorporation of labeled 3H-thymidine in drug containing tubes and in control tubes. The effects of the drugs on the different cancer cells varied greatly from strong sensitivity to resistance. In vitro and in vivo results were compared one year after start of patient treatment. The overall agreement was 16/20, 80%. The in vitro method thus estimates a tumor cell characteristic which has a biological meaning also in in vivo conditions.

Adenocarcinoma↗