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It was shown in experiments on cats that electrostimulation (ES) of the nucleus caudalis reticularis pontis under the destruction of the central grey matter suppressed discharges in a single epileptic focus, created with application of strychnine to the brain cortex and did not suppress the epileptic activity in the complex of foci, formed under the influence of a determinant focus after local application of strychnine to different zones of the neocortex. After increasing the number of foci in the complex the resistance of the latter to suppressive effects of ES of the nucleus caudalis increases too. The complex reduction owing to liquidation of its foci (local application of nembutal) facilitates the suppressive effects of ES of the nucleus caudalis. Under prolonged inhibition of the epileptic activity in the focus, the coagulation of the nucleus caudalis leads after its long-term ES to the recovery of the epileptic activity. The evidence obtained is discussed from the standpoint of the properties of the pathological system (epileptic complex) and the role of the "antisystem" in suppression of its activity.
Three observations of teleangioectases of the Varolian bridge verified at a histological examination are presented. In one of the cases the telangioectases were concurrent with an astrocytoma of the left hemisphere, and were a casual finding. In another case the teleangioectases have led to a massive hemorrhage to the Varolian bridge and the patient's death. In the third case the teleangioectases were revealed at the histological examination of the Varolian bridge affected by an astrocytoma. The development of the tumour was, possibly, due to reactive gliosis withing the zone of a vascular developmental defect. Clinical, roentgenological, pathomorphological, and histological data are presented. The authors point out that histological examinations are obligatory in cases of hemorrhages to the Varolian bridge, so that their origin should be properly documented.
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The aim of this study is to describe the morphological features of the origin cells of the visual corticopontine projection in the cat. To this end, the pontine grey matter of adult cats was injected with Rhodamine Latex Microspheres. The resulting, retrogradely marked cells of the visual cortex, were subsequently injected intracellularly with Lucifer Yellow. The majority of these cells (68%) were layer V pyramidal cells. However, a significant proportion of these retrogradely-labeled cells were atypical (26.5%) and non-pyramidal (5.5%) in their morphology. The majority of the labeled cells were found at the interhemispheric surface. The somatic dimensions of the visual corticopontine cells were on average 22.8 x 17.0 microns. The mean number of basal dendrites of pyramidal cells was 5.3 and their average tangential spread was 296.1 microns. For non-pyramidal cells, the values were 3.2 and 195.6 microns respectively. The main bifurcation of apical dendrites was located on average at 95.0 microns from the soma and their mean tangential spread was 193.9 microns. The depth of the soma was on average 1086.9 microns from the pial surface.
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Advances in imaging have made possible confident diagnosis of infiltrative pontine gliomas without biopsy. When the diagnosis is in doubt, stereotactic biopsy is the procedure of choice. Surgical intervention is restricted to tumors with a dorsally exophytic component and other rare circumstances.
Out of 249 units of the medial medullary area, 40 were ineffective, 25 fired antidromically, 48--orthodromically, 72 were inhibited and 64 developed a tonic firing pattern during stimulation of inhibitory pontine areas. The data obtained revealed that somatosensory neurons were mostly inhibited whereas reticulospinal neurons suppressed the activity of the hindlimb motoneurons.
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Neurons of cuneiform, subcuneiform, medial parabrachial, median raphe nuclei were studied. 26-47% units were found to send monosynaptic inputs to the raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular reticular and ventral reticular nuclei. 17-43% responded to stimulation of the inhibitory brain stem areas with excitatory-inhibitory reactions. Reciprocal distribution projections among inhibitory brain stem areas, were found.
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