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PubMed1998

Twin study of dissociative experience.

The relative influence of genetic and environmental influences on measures of pathological and nonpathological dissociative experience was estimated using a classic twin-study design. Subjects were 177 monozygotic and 152 dizygotic volunteer general population twin pairs who completed two measures of dissociative capacity identified from the items comprising the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Additive genetic influences accounted for 48% and 55% of the variance in scales measuring pathological and nonpathological dissociative experience, respectively. Heritability estimates did not differ by gender. The genetic correlation between these measures was estimated at .91, suggesting common genetic factors underlying pathological and nonpathological dissociative capacity. Genetic and environmental correlations between the DES scales and measures of personality disorder traits (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire; DAPP-BQ) were also estimated. Significant genetic correlations (median = .38) were found between the DES scales and DAPP-BQ cognitive dysregulation, affective lability, and suspiciousness, suggesting that the genetic factors underlying particular aspects of personality disorder also influence dissociative capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Line bisection performance in patients with personality disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Normal line bisection deviation to the left of the true centre has been interpreted as resulting from relative right hemisphere activation. Right hemisphere involvement has also been associated with the problems in dependency and attachment from infancy to adulthood. This hemispheric association predicts that patients diagnosed with dependent personality disorder will deviate significantly to the left on the line bisection task. METHODS: This hypothesis was tested by comparing the results of the line bisection task obtained respectively from 30 right-handed healthy volunteers and 14, 16, 18, and 26 outpatients with schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, and dependent personality disorders. Subjects completed eight horizontal line bisection tasks and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), a self-report measure of 18 traits delineating personality disorder. RESULTS: Patients with dependent personality disorder bisected significantly leftward compared to healthy controls. Dependent personality disorder patients scored significantly higher on DAPP-BQ Insecure Attachment, and lower on DAPP Stimulus Seeking, Callousness, Intimacy Problems, and Conduct Problems compared to the healthy controls and all other patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Line bisection differentiates dependent personality disorder from other personality disorder diagnoses and healthy controls. This study thus suggests that line bisection can be used to enhance diagnostic specificity of dependent personality disorder and localises the brain areas implicated in the disorder.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Disorders of motivation, sexual conduct, and sleep in Parkinson's disease.

Apathy and fatigue, sexual disturbances, mania, sleep disturbances, personality changes, pathologic gambling, and addiction to antiparkinson agents occur in patients with PD and may pose considerable stress on the patients themselves and their caregivers. With the exception of apathy and fatigue, little is known regarding the prevalence of these symptoms in patients with PD. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are unknown, although disturbances of the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways are probably involved. Antiparkinsonian drugs or surgery seem to be the main etiologic factors for sexual disturbance, hypomania, addiction, and pathologic gambling, whereas hypodopaminergic states may contribute to symptoms such as apathy, fatigue, RBD, and possibly personality changes. Although some placebo-controlled trials have been published recently, no established treatments are currently available for these symptoms (85) (see Table 5-2), and thus future clinical trials are needed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The role of immunopathological reactions in the development of eye diseases in persons infected by hepatitis B virus and the efficiency of immuno-correcting therapy].

The role of immunologic factors in the development of ophthalmic pathologies in persons infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) affecting the liver or in asymptomatic virus carriers (a total of 285 persons, 328 eyes) was studied. The deficit of CD3 and CD4 cells, gammopathy, increased levels of circulating immune complexes and of TNF-alpha in the serum; the deficit of IgA and an enhanced secretion of IgG in the lachrymal fluid; as well as a weakened ability of the local and systematic production of IFN-alpha were typical for a majority of patients. The most profound changes were detected in cases of uveitis; apart from the above mentioned, an increase of the CD4/CD8 index as well as of organ-specific and inter-organ immunization was found. The cases of keratitis (92% of the stromal type) were distinguished through a hypersecretion of TNF-alpha both in the serum and in the lachrymal fluid. Complicated cataracts were observed mainly in convalescents or in asymptomatic virus carriers; immune disorders were less seldom encountered in this category, as compared to the cases of eye inflammations, and basically they were local. The obtained data were considered in treatment. Imunofan, when added to the traditional therapy (symptomatic and corticosteroid one), activated the local and systematic antiviral immunity, suppressed the production of pro-viral cytokines and reduced the autoimmune reactions. As a result of this, the treatment time, the frequency rate of relapses as well as the number of anti-inflammatory and postoperative (in cataracts) complications decreased. The study results are indicative of that the immunopathological reactions, which are typical of HBV patients, can be detected at the ocular level and they can provoke ophthalmic pathologies. The nature, severity and relation between the local and systematic immune disorders predetermine, to a considerable extent, the development of an eye disease and its severity. The treatment (and prophylaxis) of HBV-associated ophthalmic pathologies require an obligatory usage of immunity-correcting means and clinical-and-immunological monitoring.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

[Medico-genetic study of the population of Uzbekistan. VII. Variability of hereditary pathology in 4 regions of Khorezm province].

Medical-genetic study was carried out in the population of Khorezm province (population size above 200 000 persons). Hereditary pathology was ascertained among families having two or more members affected with chronic non-infectious diseases. 155 families with 348 members affected with hereditary diseases were registered. The most frequent were autosomal recessive diseases (55 nosological forms in 104 families with 271 affected), then followed the autosomal dominant conditions (10 nosological forms in 21 families with 53 affected). The less frequent was X-linked recessive pathology (6 forms in 12 families with 20 affected). The main part of cases of autosomal recessive pathology were found in separate families and were not observed during previous medical-genetic studies in Uzbekistan. Three autosomal recessive conditions are probably new forms of hereditary pathology. The important role of assortative matings in manifestation of rare autosomal recessive genes in Uzbek population is discussed.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1997

Biparental psychopathology and borderline personality disorder.

The pathology of parents is thought to be associated with the emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) among offspring by both genetic and environmental pathways (Links and Blum 1990). In an effort toward clearer delineation, not only reliable diagnoses of patients, but also direct study of families, are recommended (Gunderson 1990; Gunderson and Zanarini 1989; Links and Blum 1990; Ogata et al. 1990; Zanarini et al. 1990). With this in mind, we conducted a pilot, retrospective study of parental psychiatric status, developmental events, and family climate during the developmental years of 30 young women hospitalized for BPD, to be reported here. In studying these three dimensions of family life, we hoped to shed light on environmental underpinings (Gunderson 1990; Gunderson and Zanarini 1989; Links 1992; Rutter and Quinton 1984). Even though our cohort is small and select, and the data on a comparison group not yet available, our research approach holds promise of yielding fresh insights.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etiological relationships between eating disorder symptoms and dimensions of personality disorder.

A preliminary exploration of the etiological factors that may contribute to the relationship between eating disorder symptoms and personality disorder traits is reported based on a general-population twin sample of 221 pairs. Symptoms of eating disorder, assessed using the Health Information Questionnaire (HIQ), formed 3 factors: Concern for Overeating, Purging, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Modest genetic influences were observed on Concern for Overeating, possible non-additive genetic effects on Purging, and substantial additive genetic effects for BMI. Substantial nonshared environmental effects occurred with the Concern with Overeating and Purging scales, and common environmental effects were noted for the Concern with Overeating scale. Personality disorder traits were assessed using the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ). Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between the HIQ scales and higher-order personality disorder factors were modest. The strongest relationship was between Concern with Overeating and Emotional Dysregulation. Relationships among DAPP-BQ basic trait scales and eating disorder symptoms were modest and relatively non-specific. The strongest relationships were with the Concern with Overeating scale. Purging also showed a modest relationship with affective lability and self-harm.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The DAPP-BQ in The Netherlands: factor structure and relationship with basic personality dimensions.

After discarding eight items in the Dutch translation of Livesley's DAPP-BQ that showed item-total correlations < 0.20 in a sample of 223 normal subjects. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for the remaining items in the 18 scales of this instrument. The 'Dutch' alpha coefficients proved to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the Dutch DAPP-BQ scales were factor analyzed, retaining four factors. Three of these factors proved to be identical (Emotional Dysregulation and Dissocial) or nearly identical (Compulsivity) to the Canadian factors. However, the original factor Inhibition was not the same as the remaining Dutch factor Intimacy Problems. In a sample of 115 students, the estimated scores for the Dutch Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) factors were correlated with the scales of Van Kampen's Four-Dimensional Personality Test. As expected, Emotional Dysregulation was found to correlate with Neuroticism, Dissocial with Insensitivity, and Compulsivity with Orderliness. The Intimacy Problems factor proved to be negatively correlated with Extraversion. The results obtained are embedded in the context of the evidence favoring a dimensional model of personality disorder. Furthermore, Livesley's proposal that separate diagnostic criteria for the existence of a personality disorder must be formulated to supplement the assessment by means of the DAPP-BQ is critically discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Severe abnormal development of the personality that can be regarded as pathological--initial results of a catamnestic study].

Proceding from the definition of "severely abnormal development of the personality that can be regarded as pathological" (SAPEK) as defined by Lange in collaboration with the 5th Penal Senate of the supreme court and with reference to the different forms of maldevelopment as categorized by Szewczyk, the author uses his own catamnestic studie to discuss the bounds and frequencies of such abnormal personality developments and criteria for the "severity of the illness" in the sense of Section 16, paragraph 1 (2nd option) of the Code of Criminal Law. In view of their importance, dissocial and psychosexual maldevelopment is dealt with in greater detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic pathology of the thoracic aorta. Personal experience based on 42 cases.

Between 1974 and 1989, 42 patients have been operated on at the Istituto di Chirurgia Generale e Cardiovascolare of University of Milan, for traumatic pathology of the thoracic aorta: in 14 cases it occurred an acute rupture at the level of aortic isthmus and in 28 cases a posttraumatic fals aneurysm. We had an operative mortality of 28% (4 cases) in the acute rupture: 3 patients died for neurological complications which were present at hospitalization. In one case appeared a serious ARDS. We had no surgical deaths in patients operated on for the posttraumatic false aneurysm. In 15 cases, the patients suffered for a postoperative paraplegia. Surgical indications are discussed, overall for the posttraumatic false aneurysms. The authors consider the advantage and the risks of the use of ECC and of total heparinization of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Degenerative diseases of the spine and their effect on work capacity].

The most frequent diseases of the locomotive system encountered in assessing the ability to work are discussed. From 1981 to 1982, the investigation was carried out on insured persons with pathologic changes in their locomotive system. The subjects belonged to three different environments, thus, making three representative samples. The clinical data on the insured persons of sample N1 were supplied through the past medical history, clinical examinations of the insured persons and from the survey of the medical documentation. The data on the sample N2 and N3 were obtained from the Central Service Information Centre of the Community for Pension and Disability Insurance of Croatia, Zagreb. Degenerative changes in the locomotive system (70%), primarily in the spine (90%), appeared most frequently in all the three samples, and were practically on the same percentage level. After analysing the assessments of the ability to work of all the insured persons with degenerative spine changes, it was found out that there were significant qualitative and quantitative differences in the disability evaluations for all the three samples. The author concludes that significant deviations in the scale of the ability to work assessment are considerably due to various assessment criteria.

Female↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of strangulated postoperative hernias of the anterior abdominal wall in old persons].

Based on the experience with treatment of 16 patients with large strangulated postoperative hernias of the anterior abdominal wall, the authors describe some peculiarities of the clinic, diagnosis and surgical tactics in the given pathology in persons aged over 74 years. A planned surgical therapy for postoperative hernias in senile persons is strongly advocated. The question of the planned operation should be settled only under stationary conditions after a careful detailed examination of such patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

[Indicators of thyroid hormones and carcinoembryonic antigen in persons with a high risk of lung cancer].

An attempt was made to study CEA and thyroid hormones in high risk groups as there is evidence of their change in lung cancer patients. A questionnaire to distinguish between 4 types of the probability of lung cancer development and a method of radioconcurrent analysis to study the concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones in the blood serum were used. A high risk group included 320 practically healthy persons, a control group 108 patients with verified lung cancer. The results of the study have shown that the concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones increases more often in persons of the high risk group with noncancerous diseases than in persons without pathological pulmonary changes. With an increase in the degree of probability the frequency of a high concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones grows. The older the persons with a high risk of lung cancer, the higher the frequency of concentration of the thyroid hormones. Studies of CEA and thyroid hormones can be used for dynamic observation of persons with a high risk of lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of perceptive bradyacusia in occupational pathology caused by antibiotics].

In persons suffering from occupational pathology due to antibiotics, the clinical picture of neurosensory hypoacusis is described and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the illness are unraveled. Perceptive bradyacusia occurs in the presence of organic pathology of the nervous system, internal organs and skin. In addition to the toxic action, antibiotics exert an allergenic action. As a result there develops allergic cerebral vasculitis. The latter one is an additional pathological factor giving rise to neurosensory hypoacusis in occupational pathology induced by antibiotics. The data obtained can be used in administration of pathogenetic therapy and in expert medical evaluation of the working capacity.

Adult↗